• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2000

목적: 심근의 생존능을 평가하기 위해 보편적으로 재관류술 전에 시행하는 심근관류 SPECT에 의한 관류지수를 평가함으로써 좌심실의 재구도 즉 좌심실 확장을 미리 예측할 수 있는 지와 또한 재관류술이 재구도를 예방하는데 도움이 되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 급성심근경색이 진단되어 혈전용해제 치료를 받은 7명과 치료하지 않은 9명으로 입원 후 $2{\sim}9$일 이내에 심근관류 영상을 시행한 16명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 심근관류영상은 관동맥확장술과 관동맥우회로술과 같은 재관류술 시행 전에 시행하였다. 모든 환자는 심근경색 1주내에 초기 심초음파를 경색후 평균 $6.7{\pm}4.7$개월에 추적 심초음파를 시행하였다. 좌심실의 용적은 Simpson 방법을 이용하여 심첨부 4방에서 확장기 말과 수축기 말에 좌심실용적을 구하였다. 좌심실 벽운동은 심근관류 SPECT와 같이 16분절로 나누었으며 운동이상의 정도를 4단계로 나누어 평가하였다. 각 환자의 관류와 벽운동 장애의 점수의 총합을 16분절로 나누어 관류와 벽운동지수를 구하였다. 경색초기의 좌심실용적과 비교하여 추적 검사시에 좌심실의 용적이 10% 이상 증가한 군(A군, n=8)과 용적이 감소하거나 10% 미만 증가된군(B군, n=8)의 두 군으로 인위적으로 나누었다. 두 군간에 경색초기의 좌심실의 벽운동지수, Q파 여부, 재관류술여부, CKMB 수치, 관류지수, 초기 좌심실용적 및 좌심실 구혈률 등을 비교하였다. 좌심실 용적의 확장 유무 및 좌심실 용적의 변화량과 부하기-휴식기 관류지수, 벽운동지수, 초기 좌심실용적, Q파 여부, 재관류술 여부, CKMB 수치 그리고 좌심실 구혈률 등의 관계를 다변량로짓 분석을 시행하여 분석하였다. 또한 좌심실 확장정도와 여러 변수와의 관계를 다변량선형 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 결과: 좌심실 용적의 증가와 벽운동지수, 관류지수, CKMB수치, 재관류술여부, Q파 유무, 좌심실 구혈률과의 관계를 좌심실의 용적이 증가된군(A군)과 증가되지 않은 군(B군)으로 나누어 평가하였다. 좌심실 용적의 증가여부에 따른 차이를 보았을 때 휴식시의 관류지수는 용적이 증가한 군에서 유의한 차이로 의미 있는 감소를 보였다. 그러나 이외 인자들은 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 좌심실 용적의 증가와 재관류술 여부와의 관계: 좌심실 확장을 보인 8명의 환자 중 3명은 재관류술을 시행하지 않았으며 이 들 3명 모두에서 좌심실 용적의 확장을 보였다. 또한 재관류술을 시행한 13명의 환자 중 5명(38%)은 좌심실 용적의 확장을 보였다. 좌심실 용적의 증가와 경색위치와의 관계: 전벽 경색 10명 중 4명, 하벽 경색 5명 중 3명, 그리고 측벽 경색을 보인 1명에서 용적 확장소견을 보였다. 좌심실 용적의 확장유무 및 확장정도와 부하 및 휴식기 관류지수, 초기 좌심실 용적, CKMB수치, Q파 유무, 벽운동지수, 심실 구혈률, 재관류술 여부에 따른 다변량분석: 용적 증가량을 비독립변수로 하여 다중회귀선형분석에서 경색초기에 평가한 휴식시의 관류지수만이 좌심실용적 변화량에 대해 유의한 예측인자로 나타났다. 그러나 이외의 모든 인자들은 유의한 예측인자로 작용하지 못하였다. 또한 좌심실 용적의 증가량을 10% 이상 증가 여부를 비독립 변수로 한 다중회귀로짓분석에서는 휴식시의 관류지수와 재관류술 여부가 유의한 예측인자로 나타났다. 결론: 급성 심근경색 초기에 실시한 심근관류 SPECT 검사상 좌심실 확장군과 비확장군은 유의한 휴식기 관류지수의 차이를 보였고 또한 다변량분석에서 휴식기의 관류지수는 좌심실 확장을 예측할 수 있는 유일한 지표였다. 또한 작은 수의 증례이지만 경색관련 동맥의 재관류술은 좌심실 확장을 감소시킬 수 있는 하나의 방법으로 보인다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Sus1 / ENY2는 진핵생물에 잘 보존된 작은 단백질로 염색사 리모델링과 mRNA 생성과정에 관여한다. Sus1 단백질은 전사 보조활성자인 SAGA 복합체와 핵공과 연관된 TREX2 복합체 등, 핵에 존재하는 2개 복합체의 구성 요소이다. 분열효모 Schizosaccharomyces pombe의 유전체 데이터에서 Sus1의 이종상동체를 찾아 기능을 분석하였다. 4분체 분석 결과 이 유전자는 생장에 필수적이 아니었으나, Sus1 유전자를 결실시키면 낮은 온도에서 생장이 느렸으며, $poly(A)^+$ RNA도 핵 안에 약간 축적되는 표현형을 보였다. 또한 Sus1-GFP 단백질은 주로 핵에 존재하였다. Yeast two-hybrid 분석과 공동면역침전 실험에서 Sus1 단백질은 TREX-2 복합체의 또 다른 구성인자인 Sac3와 상호작용을 하였다. 이와 같은 결과들은 S. pombe의 Sus1 단백질도 역시 TREX-2 복합체의 구성인자로 mRNA 방출에 관여하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the wound healing effects of oral administered hot water extracts of Korean black ginseng (KBG). Methods 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups; normal, control, vitamin E 200 mg/kg, KBG 100 mg/kg, KBG 200 mg/kg, each n=8. Skin wounds were made in the back of all mice except normal group using biopsy punches. Wounds were observed on days 7 and 14 after injury. The anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Skin tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining method. Results KBG significantly accelerated reducing wound area. KBG significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. KBG significantly decreased oxidative stress factors such as NADPH oxidase-4 and p22^phox and increased antioxidant enzymes including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1/2. Moreover, KBG significantly decreased inflammation factors including nuclear factor-κB, phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 and increased anti-inflammation cytokine such as IL-4 and IL-10. In addition, KBG significantly increased tight junction proteins including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4. In histopathologic, KBG made the epithelium thin and uniform, and accelerated the remodeling of collagen. Conclusions The results suggest that KBG has healing effects on skin wound in mice by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2020

Homer proteins are scaffold proteins that regulate calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling by modulating the activity of multiple Ca²⁺ signaling proteins. In our previous report, Homer2 and Homer3 regulated NFATc1 function through its interaction with calcineurin, which then acted to regulate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism. However, to date, the role of Homers in osteoclastogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of Homer2 and Homer3 in aging-dependent bone remodeling. Deletion of Homer2/Homer3 (Homer2/3 DKO) markedly decreased the bone density of the femur. The decrease in bone density was not seen in mice with Homer2 (Homer2^-/-) and Homer3 (Homer3^-/-) deletion. Moreover, RANKL treatment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages in Homer2/3 DKO mice significantly increased the formation of multinucleated cells and resorption areas. Finally, Homer2/3 DKO mice decreased bone density in an aging-dependent manner. These findings suggest a novel potent mode of bone homeostasis regulation through osteoclasts differentiation during aging by Homer proteins, specifically Homer2 and Homer3.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.137-142
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to collect baseline data about the demands for housing regeneration of the permanent rental apartment dwellers. Self-administered questionaires and interviews were provided to 144 dwellers in Incheon Man-soo 7 complex from 2008 December 29th to 31st. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: frequency, t-test, and $X^2$-test. The main findings are as follows : 1. House repairing and papering is most common used service by respondents. They also have much need for economic support. 2. Residents were satisfied with general environment of house. This survey showes that the highest satisfaction was about using food waste disposal sites. and the lowest satisfaction was about soundproof facilities on the other hand, among the questions. 3. Dwellers wanted to remodeling such as bathroom, restroom, a flower garden, space of landscape architecture. More than half dwellers preferred to leave among themselves living at permanent rental apartment as it is. 4. There is important difference in the demands of housing regeneration as the family trait. and variables of those were nuclear family or elderly/handicapped-family.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to collect baseline data about the demands for housing regeneration of the permanent rental apartment dwellers. Self-administered questionnaires and interviews were provided to 144 dwellers in Incheon Man-soo 7 complex from 2008 December 29th to 31 st. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: frequency, t-test, and $\chi^2$-test. The main findings are as follows: 1. House repairing and papering is most common used service by respondents. They also have much need for economic support. 2. Residents were satisfied with general environment of house. This survey shows that the highest satisfaction was about using food waste disposal sites, and the lowest satisfaction was about soundproof facilities on the other hand, among the questions. 3. Dwellers wanted to remodeling such as bathroom, restroom, a flower garden, space of landscape architecture. More than half dwellers preferred to leave among themselves living at permanent rental apartment as it is. 4. There is important difference in the demands of housing regeneration as the family trait, and variables of those were nuclear family or elderly, handicapped-family.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2014

Caltech's Linde-Robinson Laboratory was originally built in 1932 featuring a Spanish mission-style design, whose function was to facilitate a solar observatory with a coelostat solar telescope dome and a solar shaft extending from the roof to more than 36.58m below the ground. The building has now been transformed into a cutting-edge center for research and instruction in global environmental science that retains its original character while setting new standards in energy efficiency and green design. It is the first LEED Platinum lab in the USA for renovation of a historical research building, consuming only one-sixth of the energy that the lab's comparable laboratories do. This work introduces various energy and environmental strategies hired for its sustainable rehabilitation and, especially, examines the functional validity of solar telescope daylighting by a coelostat. Observations were made on the llumination of underground floors, where illuminances of 40~50 lx were measured.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2016

Acetylcholine receptors (AChR) including muscarinic and nicotinic AChR are widely expressed and mediate a variety of physiological cellular responses in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Notably, a functional cholinergic system exists in oral epithelial cells, and nicotinic AChR (nAChR) mediates cholinergic anti-inflammatory responses. However, the pathophysiological roles of AChR in periodontitis are unclear. Here, we show that activation of AChR elicits increased cytosolic $Ca^{2+}([Ca^{2+}]_i)$, transient cytotoxicity, and induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization in human gingival fibroblast-1 (hGF-1) cells was measured using the fluorescent $Ca^{2+}$ indicator, fura-2/AM. Cytotoxicity and induction of gene expression were evaluated by measuring the release of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and RT-PCR. Activation of AChR in hGF-1 cells by carbachol (Cch) induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with a high concentration of Cch on hGF-1 cells caused transient cytotoxicity. Notably, treatment of hGF-1 cells with Cch resulted in upregulated RANKL expression. The findings may indicate potential roles of AChR in gingival fibroblast cells in bone remodeling.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2019

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells derived from myeloid progenitors. Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts can result in serious clinical outcomes for which better treatment options are needed. Here, we identified fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 2 (Flrt2), a ligand of the Unc5 receptor family for neurons, as a novel target associated with the late/maturation stage of osteoclast differentiation. Flrt2 expression is induced by stimulation with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL). Flrt2 deficiency in osteoclasts results in reduced hyper-multinucleation, which could be restored by RNAi-mediated knockdown of Unc5b. Treatment with Netrin1, another ligand of Unc5b which negatively controls osteoclast multinucleation through down regulation of RANKL-induced Rac1 activation, showed no inhibitory effects on Flrt2-deficient cells. In addition, RANKL-induced Rac1 activation was attenuated in Flrt2-deficient cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Flrt2 regulates osteoclast multinucleation by interfering with Netrin 1-Unc5b interaction and may be a suitable therapeutic target for diseases associated with bone remodeling.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2020

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), a calcium-dependent zinccontaining collagenase, is involved in the initial degradation of native fibrillar collagen. Tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is rapidly produced by dermal fibroblasts, monocytes/macrophages, and keratinocytes and regulates inflammation and damaged-tissue remodeling. MMP-1 is induced by TNFα and plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and skin aging processes. However, the regulation of the MMP1 gene by TNFα is not fully understood. We aimed to find additional cis-acting elements involved in the regulation of TNFα-induced MMP1 gene transcription in addition to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP1) sites. Assessments of the 5'-regulatory region of the MMP1 gene, using a series of deletion constructs, revealed the requirement of the early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1)-binding sequence (EBS) in the proximal region for proper transcription by TNFα. Ectopic expression of EGR-1, a zinc-finger transcription factor that binds to G-C rich sequences, stimulated MMP1 promoter activity. The silencing of EGR-1 by RNA interference reduced TNFα-induced MMP-1 expression. EGR-1 directly binds to the proximal region and transactivates the MMP1 gene promoter. Mutation of the EBS within the MMP1 promoter abolished EGR-1-mediated MMP-1 promoter activation. These data suggest that EGR-1 is required for TNFα-induced MMP1 transcriptional activation. In addition, we found that all three MAPKs, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 kinase, mediate TNFα-induced MMP-1 expression via EGR-1 upregulation. These results suggest that EGR-1 may represent a good target for the development of pharmaceutical agents to reduce inflammation-induced MMP-1 expression.