• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.180-188
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• 2024

This research examined consumption-based carbon emission reduction by nuclear energy consumption and environmental tax while considering the context of trade globalization in the highest five emitter nations from 1990 to 2020. This study used various empirical methodologies, including preliminary analysis to check the stationarity and cointegration, the CS-ARDL for long-run analysis, CCEMG, AMG for robustness, and the D-H causality test for short-term pairwise causation. The results indicated that nuclear energy consumption, environmental tax, and trade globalization help to mitigate consumption-based carbon emissions while economic growth and population density boost carbon emissions. Furthermore, the results also found two-way casual connection exists between nuclear energy consumption, population density, and consumption-based carbon emissions. Thus, the results emphasize the need for government policies that encourage nuclear energy and environmental tax as a strategy to reduce carbon emissions and achieve and maintain environmental development.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.531-559
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• 2022

It is necessary to study the need for introduction of nuclear energy tax in Korea to internalize the externality cost of nuclear power and to make more balanced taxation system considering LNG and coal power. This study adopts choice experiment method to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for possible new tax on nuclear power. The finding is that the tax on nuclear fuel is more preferable to other tax base with KRW2.19/kWh of WTP, compared to KRW1.46/kWh for nuclear waste. The WTP for using the tax revenue to facilitate economic activity is KRW6.39/kWh compared to KRW6.12/kWh of WTP for funding climate change investment. The finding suggests that the design of nuclear power taxation needs to focus more on the use of tax revenue than on the choice of tax base.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.573-605
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• 2015

This study proposed scenarios of tax reform regarding taxation on bituminous coal for power generation since July 2015 and July 2014, estimated its impact on SMP, settlement price, tax revenue from year 2015 to year 2029. These scenarios are compared with those of the standard scenario. To estimate them, the power system simulation was performed based on the government plan, such as demand supply program and the customized model to fit Korea's power system and operation. Imposing a tax on bituminous coal for power generation while maintaining tax neutrality reducing tax rate on LNG, the short-term SMP is lowered than the one of the standard scenario. Because the cost of nuclear power generation is still smaller than costs of other power generation, and the nuclear power generation rarely determines SMPs, the taxation impact on SMP is almost nonexistent. Thus it is difficult to slow down the electrification of energy consumption due to taxation of power plant bituminous coal in the short term, if SMP and settlement price is closely related. However, in the mid or long term, if the capacity of coal power plant is to be big enough, the taxation of power plant bituminous coal will increase SMP. Therefore, if the tax reform is made to impose on power plant bituminous coal in the short term, and if the tax rate on LNG is to be revised after implementing big enough new power plants using bituminous coal, the energy demand would be reduced by increasing electric charges through energy tax reform. Both imposing a tax on power plant bituminous coal and reducing tax rate on LNG increase settlement price, higher than the one of the standard scenario. In the mid or long term, the utilization of LNG complex power plants would be lower due to an expansion of generating plants, and thus, the tax rate on LNG would not affect on settlement price. Unlike to the impact on SMP, the taxation on nuclear power plants has increased settlement price due to the impact of settlement adjustment factor. The net impact of energy taxation will depend upon the level of offset between settlement price decrease by the expansion of energy supply and settlement price increase by imposing a tax on energy. Among taxable items, the tax on nuclear power plants will increase the most of additional tax revenue. Considering tax revenues in accordance with energy tax scenarios, the higher the tax rate on bituminous coal and nuclear power, the bigger the tax revenues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.25-26
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• 2019

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.38-41
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• 2007

The increase of $CO_2$ emission by increasing of fossil fuel usage has been understood a major cause of global warming. The supply of electric energy is heavily dependent on the massive thermal power and nuclear power plant before developing the renewable energy to supply the electric energy stably at a low price. The large and sound forged components of pressure vessel, turbine and generator are widely used in power plant such as wind power, hydroelectric power generation, nuclear power and thermal power plant. This paper is discussed the trend of manufacturing technology for pressure vessel and turbine to satisfy the required condition of utility company. It is also introduced a strategy of forging industry to cope with carbon tax.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.285-299
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• 2016

Although South Korea experienced a rolling blackout in 2011, the possibility of a blackout in South Korea continues to increase due to rapid electrification. This study examines the problems of energy taxation and price distortions as possible reasons for the rapid electrification in South Korea, which is occurring at a faster rate than in Japan, Europe, and other developed countries. Further, we suggest new energy taxation and price systems designed to normalize electricity prices. In order to do so, we consider two possible scenarios: the first imposes a tax on bituminous coal for electricity generation and the second levies a tax to provide compensation for the potential damages from a nuclear accident. Based on these scenarios, we analyze the effects of a new energy system on electricity price and demand. The results show that a new energy system could guarantee the power generation costs and balance the relative prices between energy sources, and could also help prevent rapid electrification. Therefore, the suggested new energy system is expected to be utilized as a basis for energy policy to decrease the speed of electrification, thus preventing a blackout, and to induce the rational consumption of energy in South Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.05b
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• pp.651-656
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• 1997

Efforts are made to examine the role nuclear energy under the international carbon emissions regulation. To do so, an econometric model for energy demand and supply is developed. Here, several scenarios on the regulation are assumed and then each scenario is analyzed by using this model. This model also makes it Possible to analyze the effect of carbon tax. The results show that share nuclear increases up to 60% in 2020 Instead 45% makes GDP rise by 1.9% while the electricity price lower by 46% in carbon emission regulation.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.230-239
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• 2013

The paper deals with recent paradigm shift in German environmental policy, fundamentally modifying the German society towards a sustainable future development. Key elements of this development are forceful climate protection measures to contribute to global climate protection strategy and to fulfil international conventions, supplemented by a comprehensive strategy to promote the adaptation to climate change, the nuclear power phase out in the medium term, and innovative landscape and regional planning projects to strengthen regional identity and economic power. All this components are,complemented by a financial support program including incentives, tax reductions, and research funding.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.54-66
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• 2008

After the Kyoto Protocol has been ratified in Feb. 16 2005, the developed countries which is involved in Annex-1 have tried to mitigate GHG to the reduction objective. To accomplish this objective, EU developed EU-ETS, CDM project, and so on. Korea has faced pressure to be a member of Annex-1, because Korea and Mexico are only non-Annex-1 countries in the OECD nations. In this study, we simulated power plant expansion plan and calculated $CO_2$ emission with changing Carbon Tax. Especially, we focused on the competitiveness of IGCC and carbon capture technology. In our result, even though carbon tax rise, nuclear power plant does not always increase, it increase up to minimum load. LNG combined cycle power plants substitute the coal fired power plants. If there are many alternatives like IGCC, these substitute a coal fired power plant and we can reduce more $CO_2$ and save mitigation cost.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.165-204
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• 2022

This study organized data from 2000 to 2014 for 20 grid-connected countries in Europe and analyzed the determinants of carbon emissions through the panel GLS method considering the problem of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. At the same time, the effect of introducing ETS was considered by dividing the sample period as of 2005 when the European emission trading system was introduced. Carbon emissions from individual countries were used as dependent variables, and proportion of generation by each source, power self-sufficiency ratio of neighboring countries, power production from resource-holding countries, concentration of power sources, total energy consumption per capita in the industrial sector, tax of electricity, net electricity export per capita, and size of national territory per capita. According to the estimation results, the proportion of nuclear power and renewable energy generation, concentration of power sources, and size of the national territory area per capita had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions both before and after 2005. On the other hand, the proportion of coal power generation, the power supply and demand rate of neighboring countries, the power production of resource-holding countries, and the total energy consumption per capita in the industrial sector were found to have a positive (+) effect on carbon emissions. In addition, the proportion of gas generation had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions, and tax of electricity were found to have a positive (+) effect. However, all of these were only significant before 2005. It was found that net electricity export per capita had a negative (-) effect on carbon emissions only after 2005. The results of this study suggest macroscopic strategies to reduce carbon emissions to green growth, suggesting mid- to long-term power mix optimization measures considering the electricity trade market and their role.