• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.122-124
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• 2000

최근 PC의 고성능화롤 PC 기반의 서버 사용이 증대되고 있다. 특히 Windows NT 는 인터넷 서비스를 제공하는 PC 기반 서버로 폭 넓게 사용되고 있다. 이러한 서버에서의 데이터 파괴는 막대한 손실을 가져 올 것이다. 데이터의 안정성과 고 가용성을 위한 방법으로 disk mirroring 기법이 여러 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 기존의 연구들은 UNIX 플랫폼에 편중되어 있고, 현실적으로 사용이 증대되고 있는 Windows 에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 빈약한 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 Windows NT device driver level에서 다수의 node에 대한 disk mirroring 기능 구현을 설계한다. Windows NT는 계층화된 driver layer로 구성되어 있으며, 구현된 mirroring module을 드라이버 계층상에 추가함으로써 기존의 기능을 변경하지 않고 새로운 기능을 추가할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2011

Obturator nerve block has been commonly used for pain management to prevent involuntary reflex of the adductor thigh muscles. One of several options for this block is chemical neurolysis. Neurolysis is done with chemical agents. Chemical agents used in the neurolysis of the obturator nerve have been alcohol, phenol, and botulinum toxin. In the current case, a patient with spasticity of the adductor thigh muscle due to cervical cord injury had obturator nerve neurolysis done with botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B). Most of the previous studies have used BoNT-A with only a few reports that have used BoNT-B. BoNT-B has several advantages and disadvantages over BoNT-A. Thus, we report herein a patient who successfully received obturator nerve neurolysis using BoNT-B to treat adductor thigh muscle spasm.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationships between the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels with the sociodemographic and clinical factors, self-care behaviors, and the physical symptom experiences in patients with heart failure. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a convenience sample of adult outpatients and inpatients who attended a cardiology department in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data from 154 patients with heart failure were collected using a questionnaire, and their clinical data were extracted from their electronic medical records. Results: Compared with the patients with high NT-proBNP levels, those with low NT-proBNP levels had significantly lower physical symptom experiences scores. Patients with low- and mid-NT-proBNP levels were more likely to be employed compared with those with high NT-proBNP levels. Patients with low NT-proBNP levels had higher left ventricular ejection fractions, and were less likely to have arrhythmias and comorbidities. Conclusion: The results from this study showed that patients with more severe heart failure had higher physical symptom experiences scores; hence, individualizing treatment approaches based on heart failure severity is necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

Denervated skeletal muscle produces muscle atrophy as well as changes at the neuromuscular junction which leads to terminal axonal sprouting and an ultrastructural remodeling. NT-3 is expressed in adult muscle and motoneurons. Normally NT-3 has a potential role in regulating adult neuromuscular jungtion and recovering following muscle atrophy. Also, it could influence synaptic neurotransmission between motoneurons and skeletal muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation therapy(EST) on NT-3 expression in neuromuscular junction following sciatic nerve transsection in rats. After EST application during 7 days, the immunoreactivity of NT-3 was increased in neuromuscular junction

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2018

This study compared serum concentrations of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) between healthy and heartworm- infected dogs. Eighteen heartworm-infected dogs and five healthy dogs were included in the study. Dogs were diagnosed and categorized by history, clinical signs, and blood assay, thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and commercial ELISA kit results. Serum samples were sent to the IDEXX reference laboratory for NT-proBNP measurement. ST2 was examined by using a canine interleukin 33 receptor ELISA kit with the quantitative sandwich ELISA method. The severely infected group showed significant elevation of NT-proBNP concentration over those of the control (P=0.03) and mildly infected (P=0.04) group. There were no significant difference in ST2 concentrations among the three groups. The usefulness of NT-proBNP as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with severe heartworm disease was confirmed by the results of this study. Further investigations to assess ST2 as a cardiac biomarker are warranted.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Methods for activation of reconstructed oocytes were examined for the production of nuclear transfer (NT) rat embryos using fetal neural stem cells as donor. Neural stem cells were isolated from Day 14.5 rat fetuses, and the oocytes for recipient cytoplasm were recovered from 4-week old Sprague Dawley rats. After enucleation and nuclear injection, the reconstructed oocytes were immediately exposed to activation medium consisting of 10 mM $SrCl_2$ for 4 h (immediate activation after injection; IAI), or cultured in vitro for $2\~3$ h before activation treatment (injection before activation; IBA). Pre-activated oocytes were also used for NT to test reprogramming potential of artificially activated oocytes. The oocytes were grouped as IIA (immediate injection after activation) and ABI (activation $2\~3$ h before injection). Following NT, the oocytes were cultured in vitro. Development of the NT embryos was monitored at 44 and 119 h after activation. The embryos in groups IAI, mA, and IIA were cleaved to the 2-cell stage at the rates of $36.6\%\;(15/41),\;39.5\%\;(17/43)\;and\;46.3\%$ (25/54), respectively. However, in the ABI group, only one embryo ($1.8\%$, 1/55) was cleaved after activation. After in vitro culture, two NT embryos from IAI group had developed to the morula stage $(4.9\%\cdot2/41)$. However, no morula or blastocyst was obtained in the other groups. These results suggest that immediate activation after injection (IAI) method may be used for the production of rat somatic cell NT embryos.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of vitrification procedure for the cryopreservation of porcine oocytes and the utilization of vitrified oocytes as recipient cytoplasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT), and observed that porcine oocytes are evaluated by pronuclear formation, and parthenogenetic development. Single fetal donor cells were deposited into the perivitelline space of vitrified enucleation oocytes, followed by electrical fusion and activation. NT embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 5% FBS, at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ and air. 1. When the developmental rates of the oocytes after being culture for $0{\sim}10$ hours vitrified with EDS and ETS were 42.0%, 38.0%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group(62.2%). 2. When the developmental rates of the oocytes after being culture for $0{\sim}10$ hours vitrified-thawed with sucrose and glucose, 5% PVP, NCSU-23 supplemented with 10% FBS were 33.3%, 25.9%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group(55.6%). 3. The fusion and development to the blastocyst stage between the NT embryos constructed with the vitrified and non-vitrified oocytes were significant differences. Developmental rate of oocytes and NT embryos constructed with the vitrified or non-vitrified oocytes were $13.0{\pm}2.4%\;and\;23.2{\pm}2.4%$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Job Meaning Scale for Nutrition Teachers (JMS-NT). The JMS-NT, the Nutrition Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale (NTJSS), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) were administered to 180 nutrition teachers (female: 180, male: 0). The results showed that the JMS-NT had a three-factor structure in exploratory factor analysis. In addition, the test-retest reliability for all three factors of the JMS-NT was in the range of 0.69 to 0.85, and the internal consistency was in the range of 0.92 to 0.94, showing that they met the standards. The results of conducting Pearson correlation analyses between the JMS-NT and validity indicators such as the NTJSS and the MLQ were statistically significant, confirming the criterion validity of the scale. The above results show that the JMS-NT is a reliable and valid tool to measure the three factors of the job meaning of the nutrition teachers. Finally, the theoretical and practical significance, limitations, and future research tasks of the study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.377-386
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• 2009

A reference diffusion coefficient model from ACI life-365 is drawn from test results by NT build 443. This test method gives a time-averaged diffusion coefficient during immersion period, thus the ACI model uses the time-averaged diffusion coefficient as a reference value. ACI model needs to be revised, considering the difference between the time-average value and reference value at specified time. In this study, firstly the analytic solutions of diffusion equation are derived considering the initiation time and period of exposure to chloride, and secondly the time-averaged diffusion coefficient from NT build 443 is converted into the diffusion coefficient at reference time. From this study, the reference diffusion coefficient of ACI model should be modified to be about 10% larger values than those of present ACI model. For convenient design of service life, previous relationship between the chloride diffusion coefficient from NT build 443 and that from NT build 492 is also modified. To compare the chloride diffusion coefficients of ACI and JCI models, the reference chloride diffusion coefficient with respect to the JCI model is drawn in the similar form of ACI model's, and service life prediction by ACI life-365 method is confirmed to give a conservative result.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1995

large scale production of cloned embryos requires the technology of multiple generation nuclear transplantation(NT) using NT embryos as the subsequent donor nuclei. The purposes of this study were producing the second generation cloned rabbit embryos, and also to determine the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential comparatively in the cloned embryos of the first and second NT generation. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline(D-PBS) containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection In the first generation NT, the nuclear donor embryos were synchronized in the phase of Gi /S transition of 32-cell stage. The first generation NT embryos which were developed to 8-cell were synchronized in Gi /S transition phase of the following 16-cell stage and used as donor nuclei for second generation Synchronization of the cell cycle of blastomeres was induced, first, using an inhibitor of microtuble polymerization, colcemid for 10 hours to arrest blastomeres in M phase, and secondly, using a DNA synthesis inhibitor, aphidicolin for 1.5 to 2 hours to arrest them in Gi /S transition boundary. The recipient cytoplasms were obtained by removing the nucleus and the first polar body from the oocytes collected at 14 hours after hCG injection. The separated donor blastomeres were injected into the enucleated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were electrofused by electrical stimulation of three pulses for 60 $\mu$sec at 1.25 kV /cm in 0.28 M rnannitol solution The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in M-199 solution containing 10% FCS for 120 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Following in vitro culture of the first and second generation cloned embryos to blastocyst stage, they were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye for counting the number of blastomeres by fluorescence microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The electrofusion rate was found to be similar as 79.4 and 91.5% in the first and second generation NT rabbit embryos, respectively. 2. The in vitro developmental potential to blastocyst stage of the second generation NT embryos (23.3%) was found significantly(p<0.05) lower, compared with that of the first generation NT embryos (56.8%). 3. The mean blastomeres counts of embryos developed to blastosyst stage following in vitro culture for 120 hours and also their daily cell cycles during the culture period were decreased significantly (p<0.05) to 104.3 cells and 1.33 cylces in the second NT generation, compoared with 210.4 cells and 1.54 cycles in the first NT generation, respectively.