• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

안면 비대칭은 다양한 원인에 의해 발병되기 때문에 원인 분석이 중요하고, 평가하는데 있어서 정량적인 지표가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 웹켐을 이용하여 얻은 영상을 영상처리 및 연산부를 거쳐 마커를 추적하고 마커 간의 거리를 계산하여 안면 마비를 평가하는데 정량적인 지표로 사용하던 Nottingham Grading System을 안면 비대칭을 평가하는데 적용해 보았다. 기존 Nottingham Grading System은 표정 변화에 따른 안면부의 특징점 들간의 거리변화를 합산하여 좌, 우를 비교하기 때문에 특정 케이스의 경우 측정 오류를 불러일으키는 문제점이 있었다. 기존 Nottingham Grading System과 문제점을 보완하여 개선시킨 평가지표를 이용하여 안면비대칭인 피실험자와 정상의 피실험자를 비교하였다. 기존 Nottingham Grading System에서는 안면 비대칭의 경우 99.0%, 정상의 경우 95.0%로 둘 다 정상 범위 속에 포함되었다. 하지만 개선시킨 Nottingham Grading System에서는 안면 비대칭의 경우 74.0%, 정상의 경우 93.2%의 결과가 나왔다. 본 연구의 결과로 인해, 개선시킨 Nottingham Grading System은 각 부위별 상세한 평가 및 진단이 가능하고, 기존 Nottingham Grading System의 '문제점을 보완하였음을 보여주었다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2013

Objectives The objective and universal grading system for the facial nerve palsy is needed to the objectification of treatment in Oriental medicine. In this study, the facial nerve palsy grading was developed with combination of image processing technique and Nottingham scale. Methods The developed system is composed of measurement part, image processing part, facial nerve palsy evaluation part, and display part. With the video data recorded by webcam at measurement part, the positions of marker were measured at image processing part. In evaluation part, Nottingham scales were calculated in four different facial expressions with measured marker position. The video of facial movement, time history of marker position, and Nottingham scale were displayed in display part. Results & Conclusion The developed system was applied to a normal subject and a abnormal subject with facial nerve palsy. The left-right difference of Nottingham scores was large in the abnormal compared with the normal. In normal case, the change of the length between supraorbital point and infraorbital point was larger than that of the length between lateral canthus and angle of mouth. The abnormal case showed an opposite result. The developed system showed the possibilities of the objective and universal grading system for the facial nerve palsy.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 3차원 영상처리와 노팅험 스케일을 이용하여 안면마비 평가 시스템을 개발하였다. 시스템은 측정부, 영상처리부, 연산부, 그리고 안면마비 평가 및 출력부로 구성되어 있다. 두 개의 웹캠을 사용하여 안면부의 8곳에 부착된 마커의 3차원 위치를 계산하였으며, 이를 이용하여 노팅험 스케일을 계산하고 화면에 보여준다. 피험자의 자세변화와 측정방식이 노팅험 스케일에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 측정방식은 2차원과 3차원을 비교하였으며, 피험자자세는 정면응시와 $11^{\circ}$ 측면응시를 비교하였다. 측면응시한 피험자를 2차원 방식으로 측정한 경우의 오차가 가장 컸다. 3차원 측정방식이 피험자의 자세변화에 따른 오차에 가장 덜 민감하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2007

Background and Objective : The facial nerve grading system proposed by House and Brackmann is most widely accepted for the clinical assessment of facial nerve injury. Because of the limitations and subjectivity of the House-Brackmann scale, several new scales of varying degrees of objectivity and ease of use have been introduced. To assess methods of evaluating the function of the facial nerve that have been introduced over the past 20 years, We compared with the House-Brackmann scale. Method : We referred to the information through Entrez Pubmed and Korean studies information(KSI) from 1985 to 2006 about methods of evaluating facial nerve function. We choose 7 scales that focused on objective and easy of use. Result and conclusion : Sunnybrook scale is a weighted, subjective scale with incorporation of secondary defects into a single composite score. Sunnybrook scale can be recommended over House-Brackmann scale.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1313-1320
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• 2014

Introduction: Although most prostate cancers initially respond to castration with luteinizing hormonereleasing analogues or bilateral orchiectomy, progression eventually occurs. Based on the exciting results of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it seems that patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit more from treatment withabiraterone. Therefore we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of abiraterone in the treatment of mCRPC. Methods: Literature was searched from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to July, 2013. Quality of the study was evaluated according to the Cochrane's risk of bias of randomized controlled trial (RCT) tool, then the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) System was used to rate the level of evidence. Stata 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. Summary data from RCTs comparing abiraterone plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone for mCRPC were meta-analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (RPFS) and time to PSA progression (TTPP); Pooled risk ratios (RR) for PSA response rate, objective response rate and adverse event were calculated. Results: Ten trials were included in the systematic review; Data of 2,283 patients (1,343 abiraterone; 940 placebo) from two phase 3 trials: COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302 were meta-analyzed. Compared with placebo, abiraterone significantly prolonged OS (HR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.84), RPFS (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.74) and time to PSA progression (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.70); it also significantly increased PSA response rate (RR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.72 to 7.65) and objective response rate (RR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.51 to 6.15). This meta-analysis suggested that the adverse events caused by abiraterone are acceptable and can be controlled. Conclutios: Abiraterone significantly prolonged OS, RPFS and time to progression patients with mCRPC, regardless of prior chemotherapy or whether chemotherapy-na$\ddot{i}$ve, and no unexpected toxicity was evident. Abiraterone can serve as a new standard therapy for mCRPC.