• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.12
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• pp.1669-1678
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• 2002

Symmetry region searching can extract face region without a prior information in an image by using symmetric. However, this method requires a plenty of the computation time because the mask size to process symmetry region searching must be larger than the size of object such as eye, nose and mouth in face. In this paper, we proposed symmetric by using symmetry region searching in the reduced image to reduce computation time of symmetry region searching. It was applied to this method in an original image. To extract exact face region, we also experimented face region searching by using domain division in extraction legion.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.104-106
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• 1971

In enumerating salmon spawning population by the tag-recovery method, the error caused by the emigration of the tagged fish into the non-statistical area and the misjudgement of the tagged fish as untagged, which is caused by bear predation, appear to give a bias to the estimate of population size. Efforts were made in the present study to remove such bias by estimating population size under certain assumtion and by introducing a correction equation for the sample tag-ratios.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2004

Symmetry region searching can extract face region without a prior information in an image by using symmetric. However, this method requires a plenty of the computation time because the mask size to process symmetry region searching must be larger than the size of object such as eye, nose and mouth in face. in this paper, it proposed symmetric by using symmetry region searching and Wavelet Transform to reduce computation time of symmetry region searching, and It was applied to this method in an original image. To extract exact face region, we also experimented face region searching by using domain division in extraction region.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the laser power, the material thickness, comer angles, and the loop size on the formation of the comer in the cutting of Inconel 718 super-alloy sheet using high-power CW Nd: YAG laser. In order to investigate the influence of comer angles and loop sizes on the melted area and the formation of comer in the sharp comer, angular cutting tests and loop cutting tests were carried out. The results of the angular cutting tests were shown that the melted area is minimized and the melting mode is changed from nose melting in the thickness direction to the secondary melting induced by the attached dross when the comer angle is $90^{\circ}$. Through the results of loop cutting tests, the variation of the melted area and the comer shape in the sharp comer according to the loop size were examined. In addition, it was shown that a proper loop size is approximately 3 mm. The results of above experiments will be reflected on the knowledge base to generate optimal cutting path of the laser.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2011

Objectives: We sought to establish a novel method to generate nano-sized carbon black particles (nano-CBPs) with an average size smaller than 100 nm for examining the inhalation exposure risks of experimental rats. We also tested the effect of nano-CBPs on the pulmonary and circulatory systems. Methods: We used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) without the addition of any additives to generate nano-CBPs with a particle size (electrical mobility diameter) of less than 100nm to examine the effects of inhalation exposure. Nano-CBPs were applied to a nose-only inhalation chamber system for studying the inhalation toxicity in rats. The effect on the lungs and circulatory system was determined according to the degree of inflammation as quantified by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The functional alteration of the hemostatic and vasomotor activities was measured by plasma coagulation, platelet activity, contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. Results: Nano-CBPs were generated in the range of 83.3-87.9 nm. Rats were exposed for 4 hour/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to $4.2{\times}10^6$, $6.2{\times}10^5$, and $1.3{\times}10^5$ particles/$cm^3$. Exposure of nano-CBPs by inhalation resulted in minimal pulmonary inflammation and did not appear to damage the lung tissue. In addition, there was no significant effect on blood functions, such as plasma coagulation and platelet aggregation, or on vasomotor function. Conclusion: We successfully generated nano-CBPs in the range of 83.3-87.9 nm at a maximum concentration of $4.2{\times}10^6$ particles/$cm^3$ in a nose-only inhalation chamber system. This reliable method can be useful to investigate the biological and toxicological effects of inhalation exposure to nano-CBPs on experimental rats.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

In this study, three-dimensional fluid flow analyses have been performed in order to investigate the performance characteristics of a horizontal axis tidal turbine (HATT) by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations utilizing the shear-stress-transport turbulence model. The computational domain for the flow analysis has been composed of hexahedral grids, and the grid dependency test has been carried out so as to determine the optimum grid size. Performance characteristics of the HATT have been investigated in consideration of the effects of hub nose geometry, inflow angle, and the tower. It has been found that the power output can be enhanced along with an increase of the ratio of the length to the diameter of the turbine nose, and the power of HATT has been reduced by approximately 10% when the primary fluid flow had an inflow angle of 15°. The power output of downstream HATT is found to be lower than that of the upstream HATT by about 1%.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.185-193
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• 2022

This study attempted to compare and analyze the commercially available multi-use patterns to develop mask patterns suitable for the face types of adult women. Through this, it was intended to provide necessary data to mask pattern development and products. As a results of comparing the dimensions and shapes of commercial multi-use mask patterns, there was a significant difference in dimensions even though it was a L-size mask manufactured for adults. As a result of the appearance evaluation of the virtual outfit, there were significant differences by design in the vertical of the center front line, the cover and space of the mask, the height of the nose, and the lower part of the mask. The side also showed significant differences in the covering of the side of the face, the space of the side, and the width and length of the string. As a result of the appearance evaluation, Mask 4 received the best evaluation. The shape of the mask pattern had a large dart in the lower part of the nose so that it can cover the three-dimensional shape of the face, but there was a difference in the degree and angle of the curve depending on the mask. Although the upper part of the mask, the lower part of the mask, and the cheek part are in close contact, the evaluation of the mask pattern, which has room in the nose and mouth, was high. It is thought that the mask pattern should be set according to the upper length, lower length, and nose height of the mask through analysis of the face shape and dimensions.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.190-197
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• 2016

Background: The cheek rotation flap has sufficient blood flow and large flap size and it is also flexible and easy to manipulate. It has been used for reconstruction of defects on cheek, lower eyelid, or medial and lateral canthus. For the large defects on central nose, paramedian forehead flap has been used, but patients were reluctant despite the remaining same skin tone on damaged area because of remaining scars on forehead. However, the cheek flap is cosmetically superior as it uses the adjacent large flap. Thus, the study aims to demonstrate its versatility with clinical practices. Methods: This is retrospective case study on 38 patients who removed facial masses and reconstructed by the cheek rotation flap from 2008 to 2015. It consists of defects on cheek (16), lower eyelid (12), nose (3), medial canthus (3), lateral canthus (2), and preauricle (2). Buccal mucosa was used for the reconstruction of eyelid conjunctiva, and skin graft was processed for nasal mucosa reconstruction. Results: The average defect size was $6.4cm^2$, and the average flap size was $47.3cm^2$. Every flap recovered without complications such as abnormal slant, entropion or ectropion in lower eyelid, but revision surgery required in three cases of nasal side wall reconstruction due to the occurrence of dog ear on nasolabial sulcus. Conclusion: The cheek rotation flap can be applicable instead of paramedian forehead flap for the large nasal sidewall defect reconstruction as well as former medial and lateral canthal defect reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.671-675
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• 2010

Purpose: In order to maintain corrected nasal tip projection, strong support is important. Authors used calvarial bone graft method for this purpose. Patients were followed up about permanency of the bone graft for a long time. Methods: From 1995 to 1998, author performed calvarial bone graft on 30 adult patients with secondary cleft lip and nose deformity. Patients were observed for 34 months. There were no specific complications, and results were satisfactory. We could confirm the permanence of the calvarial bone graft in 3 patients by photography and radiologic studies for 10 years follow-up. Results: None of the patients showed size change or displacement. But the portion of graft facing the tip was absorbed resulting in loss of tip projection and short nose in two patients. One patient had fracture on the middle of the graft. This caused depression from lower portion of the dorsum to the tip. Conclusion: Despite of autogenous grafts such as calvarial bone, absorption of the bone may occur when compressed with tension for a long period. And the graft in the nasal tip not having any contact with the nasal bone may cause absorption of the graft.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Purpose: Nasal defect can be caused by excision of tumor, trauma, inflammation from foreign body reaction. Nose is located in the middle of face and protruded, reconstruction should be done in harmony with size, shape, color, and textures. We report various methods of nasal reconstruction using local flaps. Methods: From March 1998 to July 2008, 36 patients were operated to reconstruct the nasal defects. Causes of the nasal defects were tumor (18 cases), trauma (11 cases), inflammation from foreign body reaction (5 cases) and congenital malformation (2 cases). The sites of the defects were ala (22 cases), nasal tip (8 cases) and dorsum (6 cases). The thickness of the defects was skin only (5 cases), dermis and cartilagenous layer (7 cases) and full-thickness (24 cases). According to the sites and thickness of the defects, various local flaps were used. Most of alar defects were covered by nasolabial flaps or bilobed flaps and the majority of dorsal and tip defects were covered by paramedian forehead flaps. Small defects below $0.25 cm^2$ were covered with composite graft or full-thickness skin graft. Results: The follow-up period was 14 months. Partial flap necrosis was observed in a case, and one case of infection was reported, it was improved by wound revision and antibiotics. Nasal reconstruction with various local flaps could provide satisfactory results in terms of color and texture match. Conclusion: The important factors of nasal reconstruction are the shape of reconstructed nose, color, and texture. Nasolabial flap is appropriate method for alar or columellar reconstruction and nasolabial island flap is suitable for tip defect. The defect located lateral wall could be reconstructed with bilobed flap for natural color and texture. Skin graft should be considered when the defect could not afford to be covered by adjacent local flap. And entire nasal defect or large defect could be reconstructed by paramedian forehead flap.