• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1986

Even though it is well known that the tidal current in the East China Sea rotates clockwise, few report can be found about the precise pattern of it. To furnish some information available for the stow net fishermen, the author carried out the observation over 235 semidiurnal tidal cycle to investigate the pattern of the set and the rate of tidal current in the Korean fishing section 250 and 494, by reading the current meter and by tracing the corner reflectors with radar onboard the anchored obsen'ation vessel, from May 12, 1984 through February 27, 1986. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The mean semidiurnal tidal cycle was 12 h 20 m during spring tide, and 12 h 30 m during neap tide. 2. The mean interval from the calculated time of high water until the current began to set north was 2 h 30 m and 2 h 15 m in the fishing section 250 and 494 respectively, and the mean interval from the time of low water current began to set south was about 2 h 0 m in both sections. 3. In comparison of the occupied times to vary the set from one of 8 principal bearing points to the neighboring one, the shortest was while the set varied from N to NE and S to SW in the section 250 and 494 respectively. Contrary the longest was while the set varied from SE to S and from W to NW in the section 250 and 494 respectively. 4. In comparison of the rate while the set varied from one of 8 principal bearing points to the neighboring one, the fastest was while the set varied from SE to Sand NW to N in the section 250, and E to SE and W to NW in the section 494. Contrary the slowest was while the current set to NE and S W in the section 250, and N, NE and S W in the section 494.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.87-88
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• 2019

Leading Lights and Sector Lights provide a navigable channel, heading reference and a visual indication. Mariners can take easily a reference bearing or line of position. The Busan North Port needed to install a sector light to resolve blind sections because of Busan Port Redevelopment Project D-1 Block Construction Plan. And also the busan new port needed to install a sector light to give safety indication because navigation conditions will be changed due to removal of the to-island. For this reason, design development was made for installation of sector lights. In addition, the results of design development were compared with the AtoN simulation and verified. This paper is expected to be very useful for installing Sector Lights to guide the vessel to port safely in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

To investigate the catches of squid jigging fishery, a series of fishing experiments was conducted in the high seas of the Northwest Pacific($40^{\circ}-43^{\circ}N$, $150^{\circ}-155^{\circ}E$) during the period of 1 August to 22 October 2005 by commercial fishing vessel. The number of 142 test fishing was carried out in the Northwest Pacific during 83days. The total catch were 47,524kg as 4 squid species and CPUE was $8.9kg/line{\cdot}day$. CPUE showed high values in the frontal zone during the survey. Main squid species caught from the experimental fishing were the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami(96.8%) and the boreopacific gonate squid, Gonatopsis borealis(3.2%). Dorsal mantle length of the neon flying squid were increased by the time and increasing of the hook size. Loss rate of the neon flying squid in the water showed the highest values in 28.2% compare to the others. And the loss rate of the front roller and in the air were 1.1% and 1.0%, respectively.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2003

The primary objective of this thesis is to study, case by case, the international disputes for fishing rights between fishing nations and costal states never imagined till the introduction of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted in 1982 and came into effect in November 16, 1994, which governs the high seas and EEZ in a new manner. Such a study is to provide help in the understanding on this new marine system and how to deal with. This is addressed by the perspectives of disputes (a) in the high seas between fishing nations having traditionally enjoyed the principle of the freedom of the high seas and costal states, (b) in the EEZ between fishing nations and costal states possessing the exclusive jurisdiction over living marine resources and sovereign rights for determining allowable catch and the surplus in its EEZ. The article can be divided into four main parts. First, both the general principles of the settlement of international disputes, and the nature and procedures described in the UNCLOS are introduced. Second, it gives cases of tuna long-liner, North Pacific trawler and squid jigger occurred in the coastal states EEZ, and analyses the problem in both terms of its background and final judgment. It further describes the possible issues in case it depends on the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea for its settlement. Third, closely tied to above, important points such as the right of hot pursuit, prompt release of vessel and crew, and the limits of cooperation with costal states inspector on board fishing vessels are considered mostly based on the UNCLOS, Bilateral Agreement and UNIA. Finally, the article concludes as follows ; The need for broad analyses on the nature of international suits and legal system for the settlement, to win the case before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or coastal states court, is really acknowledged. However, considering the lack of previous studies about it, it is preferably recommended that governmental efforts for making legal standards to cover the judicial costs, for helping industry out of becoming bankrupt.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2005

An autopilot system of a ship is very important for a safe and convenient navigation, which is realized with getting an azimuth data from a gyrocompass, a magnetic compass and a GPS(Global Positioning System) compass. Magnetic compass an azimuth error is generated by a vessel magnetism material such as steels. The magnetic pole is detected by the magnetic field sensor, it does not coincide with the true north, therefore, the detected azimuth data can not but accompany error. In this paper, in order to detect the minimum change of azimuth data which generates errors of azimuth information, a search algorithm using the Kalman Filtering method is utilized. The digital electronic compass is designed with the integration algorithm using the merits of an earth's magnetic field sensor and a GPS receiver.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.52
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• pp.5-59
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• 2014

This paper investigates the development and aesthetics of Korean political theatre from its quickening period 1920s to democratization era 1990s. Political theatre before 90s developed an antithesis resistant movement toward Korean modern history that had been scattered with suppressing political circumstances such as colonial era and dictatorial government, the movement has powerful activity and social influences. Just like the 20 century political theatre had been quickened under the influence of Marxism at Russia and Germany in 1920s, Korea's political theatre began in socialism theatre movement form around the same time. Proletarian theatre groups had been founded in Japan and Korea, and developed into practical movement with organized connection. However, the political theatre movement in Japanese colonial era was an empty vessel makes great sound but not much accomplishments. Most performance had been canceled or disapproved by suppression or censorship of the Japanese Empire. The political theatre in liberation era was the left drama inherited from Proletarian theatre of the colonial era. Korean Theatre alliance took lead the theatrical world unfold activities based on theatre popularization theory such as 'culture activists' taking a jump up the line and 'independent theatre' peeping into production spot as well as the important event, Independence Movement Day Memorial tournament theatre. Since 1947, US army military government in Korea strongly oppressed the left performances to stop and theatrical movement was ended due to many left theatrical people defection to North Korea. The political theatre in 1960s to 70s the Park regime, developed in dramatically different ways according to orthodox group and group out of power. The political theatre of institutional system handled judgment on sterile people and had indirect political theatre from that took history material and allegory technique because of censorship. In political theatre out of institution, it started outdoor theatre that has modernized traditional performance style and established deep relationship with labor spot and culture movement organizations. Madangguek(Outdoor theatre) is 'Attentive political theatre', satirizing and offending the political and social inconsistencies such as the dictatorial government's oppression and unbalanced distribution, alienation of general people, and foreign powers' pillage sharply as well as laughing at the Establishment with negative characters. The political theatre in 1980s is divided into two categories; political theatre of institutional system and Madangguek. Institutional Political theatre mainly performed in Korea Theatre Festival and the theatre group 'Yeonwoo-Moudae' led political theatre as private theatre company. Madangguek developed into an outdoor theatrical for indoor theatre capturing postcolonial historical view. Yeonwoo-Moudae theatre company produced representative political plays at 80s such as The chronicles of Han's, Birds fly away too, and so on by combining freewheeling play spirit of Madangguek and epic theatre. Political theatre was all the rage since the age of democratization started in 1987 and political materials has been freed from ban. However, political theatre was slowly declined as real socialism was crumbling and postmodernism is becoming the spirit of the times. After 90s, there are no more plays of ideology and propaganda that aim at politicization of theatre. As the age rapidly entered into the age of deideology, political theatre discourse also changed greatly. The concept 'the political' became influential as a new political possibility that stands up to neoliberalism system in the evasion of politics. Rather than reenact political issues, it experiments new political theatre that involves something political by deconstructing and reassigning audience's political sense with provocative forms, staging others and drawing discussion about it.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

Two different sensors (here, KOMPSAT and RADARSAT) are considered for ship detection, and are used to delineate the detection performance for their data The experiments are set for coastal regions of Mokpo Port and Ulsan Port and field experiments on board pilot boat are conducted to collect in situ ship validation information such as ship type and length This paper introduce mainly the experiment result of ship detection by both RADARSAT SAR imagery and land-based RADAR data, operated by the local Authority of South Korean, so called vessel traffic system (VTS) radar. Fine imagery of Ulsan Port was acquired on June 19, 2004 and in-situ data such as wind speed and direction, taking pictures of ships and natural features were obtained aboard a pilot ship. North winds, with a maximum speed of 3.1 m/s were recorded Ship's position, size and shape and natural features of breakwaters, oil pipeline and alongside ship were compared using SAR and VTS. It is shown that KOMPSAT/EOC has a good performance in the detection of a moving ship at a speed of kts or more an hour that ship and its wake can be imaged. The detection capability of RADARSAT doesn't matter how fast ship is running and depends on a ship itself, e.g. its material, length and type. Our results indicate that SAR can be applicable to automated ship detection for a VTS and SAR combination service.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

The threadlike structures of fascia were examined by tight and electron microscopy. In order to distinguish its tissue organization, we used staining methods including hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, Van Gieson's collagen fiber stain and Kluver-Barrera's luxol fast blue for nerve stain. Under the light microscope, the threadlike structures were composed of many collagen fibers and nerve. In higher magnification, they looked like as the bundle of tubular structures. Many myoid cell-spindle nuclei were observed in the tissue, which were taken from the fascia. It was identical with Bonghan duct known as one of meridian network theory. In the early 1960's the North Korean Bong-Han Kim showed the anatomical structures of the acupuncture points, and explained the meridian system as the concrete duct network system. According to Bonghan theory the Bonghan ducts spread throughout the body Because it is believed that the duct could have the role of signal pathway, the theory was reinvestigated in these days. All of the threadlike structures isolated from fascia shows the abundance of collagen fibers. The electron microscope examination (TEM) could confirm the well arranged collagen fiber and nerve. This investigation reveals that superficial Bohghan duct are nerve fiber parallel running with collagen fibers. We conjectured that the intermingled structure of collagen fiber, blood vessel and nerve fiber might have the role of meridian system. And the more, regardless of histological research, the study on collagen fiber as response transmitter in acupuncture treatment are in need.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 2007

Atmospheric concentrations of radon had been continuously observed in Seoul, Korea since December 1999, as a tracer for long-range transport of air pollutants from China continent to Korea. In order to study radon as a tracer of long-range transport, it is important to know information about the atmospheric distribution and variation of radon concentration and its time variation. Atmospheric radon concentration are measured with electrostatic radon monitor(ERM) at Hanyang University located in Eastern area of Seoul. Air sample is taken into a vessel of ERM, and alpha particles emitted by radon daughters $Po^{218}$ are detected with ZnS(Ag) scintillation counter. Hourly mean concentrations and hourly alpha counts are recorded automatically. The major results obtained from time series observation of atmospheric radon were as follows : (1) The mean of airborne radon concentration in Seoul was found to be $7.62{\pm}4.11\;Bq/m^3$ during December $1999{\sim}January$ 2002. (2) The hourly variation of radon concentrations showed the highest in 8:00AM ($8.66{\pm}4.22\;Bq/m^3$) and the lowest in 3:00AM ($6.62{\pm}3.70\;Bq/m^3$) and 5:00AM ($6.62{\pm}3.39\;Bq/m^3$). (3) the seasonal variation of radon concentrations showed higher during winter-to-fall and lower during summer-to-spring. (4) Correlation between airborne radon concentration and the meteorological factors were -0.21 for temperature, 0.09 for humidity, -0.20 for wind speed, and 0.04 for pressure. (5) The mean difference of airborne radon concentration between Asian dust ($5.36{\pm}1.28\;Bq/m^3$) and non-Asian dust ($4.95{\pm}1.49\;Bq/m^3$) phenomenon was significant (p=0.08). We could identify time series distribution of radon concentration related meteorological factors. In addition, radon can be considered a good natural tracer of vertical dispersion and long-range transport.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.667-674
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• 2008

In this paper, operational problems of Busan Port and competitiveness deciding factors are analyzed by field data research and interview with employees in shipping companies and terminal operation companies. In the analysis, the problems Busan Port currently has are identified as follows: 1) low price competitiveness, 2) Lack of new port back facilities and connecting transportion system 3) Lack of operation ability of container terminal 4) Inefficient pour labor supply system. In order to strengthen the competitiveness and leap up to a hub port in North East Asia, Busan port is investigated to enhance below requirements. 1) Hiring more equipment and increase productivity in terminal 2) Integrating terminal operation companies to react maximization of vessel 3) Maintaining cost advantages 4)Proactively inviting global carriers to participate in the terminal operation 5)Making business environment for Global Terminal Operator to participate in the terminal operation in order to take advantage of their global marketing power.