• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.518-520
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• 2014

Radar Cross Section(RCS) is very important factor to detect target by radar. Even if the same target, RCS value is significantly different according to the direction facing the radar. Therefore, it is advantageous to place the radar, where RCS is larger to increase the probability of detecting a target with a radar. North Korean ballistic missiles are major threat to our security, ballistic missiles should be detected early and traced for ballistic missile defense. In this paper, it is analyzed that ballistic missile's RCS characteristics and trajectory and proposed a way of radar deployment to improve the detection probability of ballistic missile.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.596-616
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• 2021

A global increase in fish consumption has led to a rapid expansion of aquaculture production, which has been linked to enhancing the spread of infectious diseases. Viral diseases can cause high mortality in many cultured fish species, posing a serious threat to the aquaculture industry. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the primary threats to aquacultured salmonid species, causing huge economic losses. Since the first report in cultured sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka during the 1950s in North America, IHNV has spread to other regions, including Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa by transportation of infected fish and eggs, causing disease and increasing mortality in a wide variety of salmonid species. Here, we review existing information relevant to IHNV: its phylogenetic characteristics, origin, infection history, virulence determinants, susceptible hosts, vectors, and vaccine development. This review also addresses a possible cross-species transmission of IHNV to a new host, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, a cultured fish of economic importance in East Asian countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

The characteristics of ballistic missiles are changing rapidly but studies have mostly focused on fragmentary flight trajectory analysis estimating the changing characteristics of some types, while there is a lack of research on comprehensive and efficient ballistic search, detection and prediction for missiles including the new types that have been gaining attention lately. This paper analyzes the flight trajectory characteristics of ballistic missiles at various ranges considering flight path angle adjustment, specific impulse and drag force with altitude based on the optimized equations of motion reflecting the parameters of North Korea's general and new types of ballistic missiles. The flight trajectory characteristics of representative ranges for each ballistic missile were analyzed by adjusting the flight path angle in the minimum energy method, lofted method, and depressed method. In addition, High value target can attacked by ballistic missiles considering flight path angle adjustment at various points. It's expected to be used to Threat Evaluation and Weapon Allocation, and deployment of defense systems by interpreting the analysis of the latest Iskander-class ballistic missiles and the new multiple rocket launcher.

• Strategy21
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• s.46
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• pp.239-276
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• 2020

The failure of early economic sanctions aimed at hurting the overall economies of targeted states called for a more sophisticated design of economic sanctions. This paved way for the advent of 'smart sanctions,' which target the supporters of the regime instead of the public mass. Despite controversies over the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a coercive tool to change the behavior of a targeted state, the transformation from 'comprehensive sanctions' to 'smart sanctions' is gaining the status of a legitimate method to impose punishment on states that do not conform to international norms, the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction in this particular context of the paper. The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council proved that it can come to an accord on imposing economic sanctions over adopting resolutions on waging military war with targeted states. The North Korean nuclear issue has been the biggest security threat to countries in the region, even for China out of fear that further developments of nuclear weapons in North Korea might lead to a 'domino-effect,' leading to nuclear proliferation in the Northeast Asia region. Economic sanctions had been adopted by the UNSC as early as 2006 after the first North Korean nuclear test and has continually strengthened sanctions measures at each stage of North Korean weapons development. While dubious of the effectiveness of early sanctions on North Korea, recent sanctions that limit North Korea's exports of coal and imports of oil seem to have an impact on the regime, inducing Kim Jong-un to commit to peaceful talks since 2018. The purpose of this paper is to add a variable to the factors determining the success of economic sanctions on North Korea: preventing North Korea's evasion efforts by conducting illegal transshipments at sea. I first analyze the cause of recent success in the economic sanctions that led Kim Jong-un to engage in talks and add the maritime element to the argument. There are three conditions for the success of the sanctions regime, and they are: (1) smart sanctions, targeting commodities and support groups (elites) vital to regime survival., (2) China's faithful participation in the sanctions regime, and finally, (3) preventing North Korea's maritime evasion efforts.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.153-179
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• 2011

Korea has been a victim of State supporting terrorism by North Korea even before international society realize the terrorism threats because of 9.11 in US. However, state supporting terrorism against South Korea by North Korea went along with East/West Cold War System by US and the Soviet Union. It is because socialism that Kim Il-sung who established a separate government in North Korea with the political, economic, social and military support of the Soviet Union selected as his political ideology justifies terrorism as the tool to complete the proletariat revolution. North Korea's state supporting terrorism is being operated systematically and efficiently by military of North Korea. It gives big worries to international society not only by performing terrorism against Korea but also by dispatching terrorists and exporting terrorism strategies to the third world countries. In this situation, terrorism against Korea has met a new transition point at 9${\cdot}$11 in US. As South Korea is confronting North Korea and the war has not ended but suspended, the alliance between US and Korea is more important than anything else. Because of this Korea decided to support the anti-terrorism wars against Afghanistan and Iraq of US and other western countries and send military force there. The preface of the anti-terrorism war has begun as such. On October 7, 2001, US and UK started to attack Afghanistan and Taleban government in Afghanistan was dethroned on December 7, 2001. US and western countries started a war against Iraq on March 20, 2003. On April 9, 2003 Baghdad, the capital of Iraq fell, and Saddam Hussein al-Majid al-Awja government was expelled. During the process, the terrorism threat against South Korea has expanded to Arab terrorists and terrorism organizations as well as North Korea. Consequently, although Korean government, scholars and working level public servants made discussions and tried to seek countermeasures, the damages are extending. Accordingly, terrorism against Korean companies in overseas after 9${\cdot}$11 were analyzed focusing on Nation, Region, Victimology, and Weapons used for the attacks. Especially, the trend of terrorism against the Korean companies in overseas was discussed by classifying them chronologically such as initiation and termination of anti-terrorism wars against Afghanistan and Iraq, and from the execution of Iraqi President, Saddam Hussein al-Majid al-Awja to December 2010. Through this, possible terrorism incidents after the execution of Osama bin Laden, the leader of Al-Qaeda, on May 2, 2011 were projected and proposals were made for the countermeasures.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2007

With international urgence of terror situation, many methods of terror techniques and skills are appearing and more intense and threatening terror is braking out not only in the air(plane), but also in the sea(ship). Korea is surrounded by 3 sides of sea and is a proud maritime nation that should advance to foreign country through the sea because South Korea and North Korea are confronting. Korea depend on the maritime transportation, 99.7% of exporting, importing material resources. Therefore, acquisition of the marine safety has the great affect on national security and economical life. On the high tension of situation about threat and possibility of maritime terroism, the potential ways of the improvement policy for counter-tactics against big maritime terror are the following. First, we should construct clear and well-organized network for accurate information about maritime terrorism Second, we should have the information of all domestic, foreign passenger's ships Third, national important facilities such as atomic energy plant, thermo-electric power plant, shipyard need policies to manage all emergency situation Fourth, government authorities should improve tactic abilitities by competing with support and budget inside of nation as well as outside of nation. To develop big maritime terror of our country, we will have to hold cooperative training & tactics contest of big maritime terror by cooperating educational industry organization with similar institute, improve the ability of members of big terror and acquire tactics information by excavating and exchanging a new technique through tactics seminar and public hearing.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

The present study deals with the management of groundwater resources of an important agriculture track of north-western part of Saudi Arabia. Due to strategic importance of the area efforts have been made to estimate aquifer proneness to attenuate contamination. This includes determining hydrodynamic behavior of the groundwater system. The important parameters of any vulnerability model are geological formations in the region, depth to water levels, soil, rainfall, topography, vadose zone, the drainage network and hydraulic conductivity, land use, hydrochemical data, water discharge, etc. All these parameters have greater control and helps determining response of groundwater system to a possible contaminant threat. A widely used DRASTIC model helps integrate these data layers to estimate vulnerability indices using GIS environment. DRASTIC parameters were assigned appropriate ratings depending upon existing data range and a constant weight factor. Further, land-use pattern map of study area was integrated with vulnerability map to produce pollution risk map. A comparison of DRASTIC model was done with GOD and AVI vulnerability models. Model validation was done with $NO_3$, $SO_4$ and Cl concentrations. These maps help to assess the zones of potential risk of contamination to the groundwater resources.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2017

In recent years, cyber terror that break into major institution's information system and destroy and paralyzed important information occurs frequently. Some countries do dangerous acts such as train hackers and order hackers to hack important industrial confidential documents which are core of national competitiveness to reduce the competitiveness of the country and cause social confusion. In this thesis, it will study problems of cyber terror to help people to use Internet in web environment that safe from cyber terror and to avoid the risk from cyber terror such as malware and DDos. This thesis is organized as following. In second chapter, it will look thorough the research that are related to cyber terror. In third chapter, it will study attack types of cyber terror. In fourth chapter, to defend from cyber violence, it will suggest safe solution. In fifth chapter, it will end with conclusion. Finally, to prevent urgent incidents like North Korean Cyber-attack, every Internet user must indicate their recognition on Internet security and it is significant to make a quick response treatment to create the safe online environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2017

The United States has built a missile defense system from the Cold War era, but since the end of the Cold War era, there have been many changes in international situation and threats. The forces of power divided between the United States and the Soviet Union have become increasingly threatened by China's willingness to expand its external influence, declaration of strong Russia and North Korea and Iran's nuclear armament and advanced ballistic missile technology. In response to this threat change, the Missile Defense Agency(MDA) has established strategies and policies, but its parent law has not been revised. United States changed to the FY2017 National Defense Authorization Act (FY2017 NDAA) including changed missile defense strategy. In this paper, I check US ballistic missile defense strategies included in the FY2017 NDAA and compare what changes have been made in existing strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 2015

Protection against direct projectiles has been adapted just to the main command posts in the existing protective facility standards. However, protective capacity for the shelters against direct projectiles is also required because the initial survivability as well as the operation sustainment of the shelters is critical during a couple of days from outbreak of war. In this study, the Russian artillery is used to determine the existing and future threat of the North Korean Armed Forces indirectly. And then, required protective capacity of military shelters in the contact areas is calculated along with UFC 3-340-02 and it is verified using modeling and simulation. Based on the assessed capacity, actual inspect of military facilities with contact areas on spot is performed whether military shelters have enough protection capacity against determined threats. According to the field study, it is verified that proper earth bermed shelter has enough protection capacity. The results in this study could be used how to retrofit the current shelters in the contact areas.