• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2021

This study aims to estimate the amount of air pollutants emitted from heavy industry facilities in North Korea. To compare the emission in 2017 from the heavy industry sector in North Korea with South Korea, the heavy industry sector was classified with the South Korean classification (Matching Heavy Industry sector) and air pollutant emissions by Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea were estimated. The CO, NO_x and SO_x emissions of Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea are 22%, 73%, and 31% of the emission in South Korea, respectively. The air pollutant emissions in the Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea for CO, NO_x and SO_x were 0.6%, 124%, and 24% of the total air pollutant emission in North Korea estimated from EDGAR, respectively. As for the distribution of emissions by administrative district of the Matching Heavy Industry sector in North Korea, NO_x was concentrated in the western part of North Korea, and CO and SO_x emissions were concentrated in Hamgyong-bukto.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2022

North-South Korea economic integration is progressing slowly given the sensitive responses to changes in internal and external conditions. Nevertheless, advanced discussions focusing on North-South Korean economic cooperation should continue. Given this background, various studies of the economic effects of economic integration between North and South Korea have been conducted, but research on agricultural issues has been limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the economic integration of South and North Korea on the agricultural market. In this study, a simultaneous equation model was constructed using a growth model. Solow's growth accounting approach is used to construct a model for estimating the macroeconomic effect of North-South economic integration. Also, the construction of growth accounting formulas subdivided into South and North Korea as well as agriculture and non-agricultural fields during the construction of the growth model is a major research achievement and differentiates it from previous studies. It is expected that the results of this study will serve as basic information for preparing policy measures to promote integration. However, there are many limitations when estimating the economic effects of North-South agricultural integration and obtaining policy implications given the insufficient available statistical data on agriculture in North Korea and the lack of related studies in the agricultural field. Therefore, it should be noted that there is an inherent problem in that the analysis results vary greatly depending on the assumptions set, as there is inevitably no choice but to rely on many and strong assumptions.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.184-201
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• 2020

해방 이후 북한과 남한의 고고학은 전혀 다른 길을 걸어오게 된다. 특히 1970년대 이후 급격히 정치성을 띠기 시작한 북한 고고학과 대규모 유적 발굴로 학문적 성장이 가속화된 남한 고고학은 큰 차이를 보이기 시작하며, 이러한 양상은 1990년대 대동강문화의 천명 이후 더 이상 공유되는 부분이 없을 정도의 괴리가 생겨나게 된다. 그리고 이러한 괴리는 '고조선'을 전후한 청동기시대와 철기시대에 더욱 두드러진다. 그럼에도 불구하고 남한의 선사 고고학은 지속적으로 북한 고고학에 시선을 둘 수밖에 없다. 아직도 중요한 연구 주제 중인 '문화의 기원과 계통'을 찾는데 있어 북한의 자료가 주된 연구 대상이지만 그 신뢰성에 의문을 표하는 '이중적인 시선'이 남한의 고고학이 북한 고고학을 바라보는 시선인 것이다. 북한 청동기시대 고고학과 남한 청동기시대 고고학에서 보이는 '괴리'의 많은 부분은 조사 사례의 증가, 학술적인 토론 등으로는 해결되지 않는 '정치적 차이'에 의한 것이다. 그럼에도 북한 선사 고고학의 흐름을 살펴보는 것은 북한 고고학의 정치성을 비판하기 위한 것은 아니다. 북한에서 현재 청동기시대를 바라보는 인식과 남한의 인식에 어떠한 차이가 있으며, 이후 북한의 자료를 포함하여 '한반도의 선사문화', 더 나아가 동북아시아의 선사문화를 설명하는데 어떠한 문제점이 있는지를 미리 확인해 두고자 하는 것이다. 본고에서는 지금까지 북한 청동기시대 고고학의 연구 흐름을 살펴보고 동시기 남한 청동기시대 고고학과 비교하여 어떠한 쟁점들이 있는지를 검토하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.221-238
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• 1999

South and North Korean societies have been segregated during the past 50 years with different socioeconomic conditions and ideologies resulting in disparate living cultures even though sharing the same traditional culture. The purpose of this study was intended to examine the housing life situations of North Koreans their housing behaviors and their perceptions of differences between South and North Korean culture. The study was based on in-depth interviews and an tempirical survey with North Korean defectors. The interviews were conducted with ten defectors and the empirical survey was done with 158 North Koreans who escaped after 1990. This study revealed housing life situations such as housing type. length of residence housing layout finishing materials levels of housing facilities and the residential system. It also revealed housing dissatisfaction and housing behaviors while they were living in North Korea and attempted to discover the defectors' perceptions of the differ nces between their housing life in the South and North. The findings of this research will present a realistic and recent account of the housing situation in North Korea. We hope that the result of this study will serve to foster understanding between two Koreas.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

Objective : To translate Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) into North Korean language and to examine its reliability and validity Methods : North Korean defectors (n=207) recruited from the call center for North Korean defectors participated. Psychiatrists and psychiatric residents interviewed the participants and made the psychiatric diagnoses. Subsequently, the participants completed the CES-D, Impact of Event-Scale-Revised-North Korea (IES-R-NK), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-North Korea (AUDIT-NK), and Brief Psychological State Inventory for North Korean Refugees (BPSI-NKR) questionnaires. Of the original participants, 143 subjects participated in test-retest reliability study after one week. Results : Cronbach's alpha coefficient of CES-D-NK was superior in both males (0.91) and females (0.93). The test-retest correlation coefficient was high (males, 0.64 ; femals, 0.79). Good convergent validity was evident by significant correlations with IER-R-NK, BPSI-NKR-Depression and BPSI-NKR-PTSD, respectively. CES-D-NK had no or weak correlations with AUDIT-NK and BPSI-NKR-Alcohol, showing its discriminant validity. Conclusion : CES-D-NK could be a reliable and valid tool for screening and assessing depressive symptoms of North Korean defectors.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1979

Following the first report on the Desmidiaceae in North Carolina, U.S.A., this paper adds newly 5 genera, 19 species, 16 varieties and 1 subspecies of Desmids to the North Carolina State list.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2003

This study attempts to identify the characteristics of the structure of mathematics textbooks of North Korean high schools. The previous researches on the mathematics textbooks of North Korea show that North Korean mathematics textbooks have a linear structure, which is different from a spiral structure of South Korean textbooks. However, this study found that the textbooks of North Korea published after 1994 indicate that some sections reveal a spiral structure. In addition, most sections of North Korean mathematics textbooks are collectively composed, particularly so in the section of algebra.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to lay the foundation for a desirable direction to solve future environmental problems through framework research on environmental cooperation according to distribution of urbanization between South and North Korea. The article also attempts to explore solution to two Koreas' environmental problems from the cooperative perspective between South and North Korea and draw future policy tasks. Research design, data, and methodology - For methodology, North Korea's legal system to cope with disasters is taken into consideration in terms of literature review. This study also analyzes a series of processes related to North Korea's disaster management through case study, and draws policy measures for North and South Korea's cooperation scope and methods. Result - The results support that North Korea is very vulnerable to environmental disasters due to food shortages, economic sanctions, and enormous natural disaster damages including flood damages occurring each year, because of the lack of disaster prevention infrastructure such as river maintenance. Conclusion - At the current time when North and South Koran exchange and cooperation increase, a disaster management cooperative system is needed for the areas where South and North Korea manage through division. It also suggests that there is a need to establish regulations and procedures for support items in advance for a quick response to disasters in North Korean region.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore North Korean immigrant elementary students' cognitive and affective characteristics related to science education. A total of 68 North Korean immigrant students enrolled in 3 to 6 grades and 133 South Korean students in 4 and 6 grades in 3 South Korean elementary schools participated in the study. A short version of Group Assessment of Logical Thinking(GALT) was used to investigate the students' levels of logical thinking, and the Enjoyment of Science Lessons Scale(ESLS) of the Test of Science Related Attitudes(TOSRA) was administrated to examine their attitudes towards science lessons. The statistical analysis of data revealed that the level of logical thinking of the North Korean immigrant elementary students was very low and that this was also the case for the South Korean students. Especially, the mean score of logical thinking of the North Korean immigrant 6 graders was much lower when compared with that of the South Korean counterparts. For both the North Korean immigrant students and South Korean students, the enjoyment of science lessons decreased as they progressed through higher grades. This decreasing trend, however, turned out to be more serious in the South Korean elementary students. Based on these results, suggestions were presented to help successful science learning of North Korean immigrant elementary students.

• 아동학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2003

This study examined the songs and play-games of youngsters who escaped from the North and came to South Korea. The 5 female and 1 male participant mostly entered South Korea through Chinese, Viet Nam and Cambodia after escaped from the North. Through individual interviews, the researcher collected 31 North Korean songs and 21 play-games. Themes of songs were devotion their's country and/or their's national leader, a television serial drama and such traditional play-songs as komojul-nomki(jumping the rubber rope). Data from the collected songs and play-games indicated similarity between South and North Korea; both North and South Korean children liked a television serial drama songs and both sides played similar games, through sometimes the name was different.