• 제목/요약/키워드: North America

검색결과 708건 처리시간 0.027초

Distribution of Tropical Tropospheric Ozone Determined by the Scan-Angle Method applied to TOMS Measurements

  • Kim, Jae-H.;Na, Sun-Mi;Newchurch, M. J.;Emmons, L.
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2002
  • This study introduces the first method that determines tropospheric ozone column directly from a space-based instrument. This method is based on the physical differences in the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) measurement as a function of its scan-angle geometry. Tropospheric ozone in September-October exhibits a broad enhancement over South America, the southern Atlantic Ocean, and western South Africa and a minimum over the central Pacific Ocean. Tropical tropospheric ozone south of the equator is higher than north of the equator in September-October, the southern burning season. Conversely, ozone north of the equator is higher in March, the northern burning season. Overall, the ozone over the southern tropics during September-October is significantly higher than over the northern tropics. Abnormally high tropospheric ozone occurs over the western Pacific Ocean during the El Nino season when the ozone amounts are as high as the ozone over the Africa.

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A Study on the Design Direction of the Panic Device (패닉디바이스 디자인 방향성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Soon-Ok;Lim, Bo-Hyeok;Lee, Joo-Won;Lee, Hae-Yeol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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    • pp.209-210
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    • 2023
  • A panic device is a type of door lock that opens when pressed or pushed by the body, so it is an emergency escape device designed to easily open the door and escape in an emergency situation such as fire or earthquake. It is an ideal door handle for an emergency exit. Because many people move quickly and it is easy to use, it is common in Europe and North America, but in Korea, the product is expensive, so it is used on a limited basis in luxury buildings such as hotels, but its use is gradually increasing. East Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan mainly prefer the North American type. The design of the penic device used in is a uniform and universal design, and research and development of a new design of the penic device was required to develop a new design type product considering the aesthetics of the building.

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A Study on Ethnic look Expressed in Modern Fashion (현대 패션에 나타난 민속풍(Ethnic look)에 관한 연구)

  • 정연자
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.215-229
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    • 1993
  • As a result of making an inquiry into the ethnic look of each region appearing in present-day fashion by Asia. America and Oceania. Africa and Europe as mentioned above, its characteristics could be summarized as follows: Firstly the Asian ethnic look consists of Indian, Chinese and Japanese looks as mainstream. In terms of form, the draped form constituted its mainstream, and both the draped form and the tunic form are appearing Simultaneously in the Chinese look. And in respect to color the Indian look is using luxurious primary colors red, blue, yellow and green and other regions are making overall use of natural colors. With respect to ornament various kinds of ornaments is utilized in Indian's Sari and turban. Chines's Coolie hat, straw hat and embroidery, knotted button, and bead ornament, and Japan's Obi and Obijime, etc. Secondly in America and Oceania, costurme representing the Indian look in North America and the picture of Western pioneer, and the Peruvian, Mexican and chilean ethnic looks in South America were expressing much. Here, the form consistied a draped form as its main strem, such colors as yellow, purple, grey, etc were much utilized, and the material of costume comprised knits, cotton and the like. And the ornament consisted of hats, tassel ornaments, bead ornaments, metal chain belt, long braided hair, etc. Thirdly, the African ethnic look had an exposing form and a draped form, and such colors as black, white, yellow, brown, etc were used as the fashion color. Ornaments such as precious stone, bead ornaments, animal bones, straw metal ornament, etc were used as fashion decorations. Fourthly, Russia's Cossack look, Bulgaria's Bavshika look, spain's ethnic look cane to the fore as the European look Both the draped form and the tunic form were used simultaneously as fashion form. And grey, brown, purple, etc were much used as fashion color in the European look. Such ornaments as Cossack. Bavshka, boots, tassel ornaments were much used and paisley pattern also was used.

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North Korea's sudden change scenario 2 : Focusing on the cases of Jasmine revolution countries (북한의 급변사태 시나리오 2 : 재스민혁명 국가들의 사례분석을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Dae Sung
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 2017
  • The wave of democratization that started in southern Europe spread to South America and Asia, dismantling the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries and appeared as a Jasmine revolution in countries of North Africa and the Middle East. As a result, many scholars have actively carried out researches related to the sudden change of North Korea, while taking a cautious view that the Jasmine Revolution might occur in North Korea. The focuses of the studies were on the cause and timing of the sudden change and the main forces of the revolution in North Korea. There weren't enough discussions on how the process will be developed and whether there will be a system change. In this study, based on the results of analyzing the systematic changes of the Jasmine revolution nations, it suggested five scenarios that can be developed after the sudden change of North Korea. Scenario type I: Relatively peaceful and the possibility of regime change, Scenario type II: Reunification and then civil war, Scenario type III: Regime changed but one of Kim Il Sung family grabbing the power, Scenario type IV: Successful regime change but civil war happening, Scenario type V: Regime change failed and civil war continuing.

Redescription of a Freshwater Gadid Fish, Burbot (Lota lota) in the Amnokgang River, North Korea (북한 압록강에서 채집된 대구과(Gadidae) 모오캐(Lota lota)의 재기재)

  • Jeong-Ho Park;Hyuck Joon Kwun;Jin-Koo Kim
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.207-210
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    • 2023
  • While an investigation on the old samples kept at collection room in National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), we found a unique single specimen of burbot, Lota lota (54.7 cm in standard length) from Amnokgang River, North Korea on 14 April 1935. Burbot is the only stream dweller among members of the Gadiformes and found in the northern parts of Eurasia and North America. There was a little information in Korea, because it inhabits only the northern part of North Korea. This species is easily distinguished by having two dorsal fins, one anal fin, a barbel, and posterior of caudal fin rounded. This study provides detailed morphological characteristics and compares it with those of previous literatures on the North Korean L. lota.

Design of Global Port Logistics Network Model Based on Minimum Cost (최소비용 기반 글로벌 항만 물류네트워크 모델 구축)

  • Jang, Woon-Jae;Keum, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2008
  • This study is aimed to contribute in establishing new port policy by research and analysis in design of global port logistics network in the East Asia region. In order to build such port logistics network, 21 ports located in East Asia among the world's 50th largest ports were selected in this study. Furthermore, the amount of container cargo and the ports of call were analyzed to categorize the subject ports in East Asia. Finally, this study tries to find economic network between the base port in East Asia, EU or North America and feeder ports in terms of logistics cost. As a result, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Busan ports were found as the representative ports in the East Asia that may connect North America and Europe with the minimum logistics expenses. Therefore, to maintain the stable cargo volume in ports, Korea should promote not only the overseas terminal operation which links to the Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai ports, but also establish the global port logistic network connecting the Busan port.

Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Bladder Cancer: An Updated Meta-analysis

  • Yang, Xiao-Qing;Xu, Chen;Sun, Yan;Han, Rui-Fa
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.2583-2589
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Studies have indicated that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for bladder cancer; however, not all evidence supports this conclusion. The aim of this meta-analysis was to collate and evaluate all primary observational studies investigating the risk of bladder cancer associated with DM. Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies that estimated the association of DM and bladder cancer. Summary effect estimates were derived using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: A total of 23 studies (8 case-control studies, 15 cohort studies) including 643,683 DM and 4,819,656 non-DM cases were identified. Analysis of all studies showed that DM was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer compared with non-DM overall (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.32-2.13). Analysis of subgroups demonstrated this to be the case in both case-control studies (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.28-1.97, $I^2$=58%) and cohort studies (RR=1.70, 95% CI 1.23-2.33, $I^2$=96%). There was no gender difference in DM-associated bladder cancer risk. Bladder cancer risk was increased in Asia and the North America region, but not in Europe. Furthermore, DM-associated bladder cancer risk was obviously higher in Asia than North America and Europe or in those with Caucasian ethnicity. With extension of follow-up time, the bladder cancer risk was not increased for the patients with DM. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provided further evidence supporting theDM association with a significantly higher risk of bladder cancer obtained from observational studies.

A Study on the Trends and Characteristics of Mental Health Services in the Public Libraries of North America (북미 공공도서관계 정신건강 지원서비스의 경향과 특성)

  • Lee, Yeon-Ok
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.51-76
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    • 2010
  • This study discussed the trends and characteristics of mental health services in the public libraries of North America. To accomplish this, this study collected its data through literature surveys, observations and interviews with librarians within the Vancouver public library system. The results show that there were many cases in which patrons asked public libraries for information on their mental health problems and the public libraries helped the patrons cope with their problems. The public libraries' assistance programs for national tragedies and natural disasters were temporary services. On the other hand, public libraries were continuously advising and guiding patrons dealing with emotional and psychological problems through the readers' advisory and information services. Specifically, public libraries were actively assisting various sensitive issues that are generated in the development of children and youths(for example, adoption, divorce and separation, remarriage, family, friendship, disabilities, death, self-esteem, emotions, bulling, violence, abuse, suicide, illness, addiction, sexual health, youth pregnancy and so on). The key role of librarians under these circumstances was to guide and recommend appropriate books and professional institutions that help solve the problems.

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The Study of Comparison between RPE-LTP and VSELP Speech Coder (RPE-LTP와 VSELP 음성부호화기의 비교에 관한 연구)

  • 박대덕;김화준;심재훈;유재희;정하봉;서정하
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • 제19권9호
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    • pp.1838-1847
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    • 1994
  • Until recently, they decided the standard of the digital mobile communication speech coding method and competively developed the more detailed techniques in North America, Europe, Japan, etc. But, we have not yet determined. In this paper, we compared the RPE-LTP speech coding algorithm, standard in Europe, with the VSELP speech coding algorith, standard in North America, with respect to the soruce coding. We described the comprehensive verification and comparison with each speech coder, and discussed the improvement plan. Next, we also compared the number of computations which affects the real time processing seriously. Moreover, we performed the simulation with the Korean speech data, concreting the algorithm of each speech coder. Finally, we compared the performance of each speech coder with segmental SNR and 5-point MOS. The number of computations was calculated, and the result was that the number of multiplication computing times of VSELP speech encoder was the largest. With 26 speech data, the segmental SNR of VSELP was calculated larger than that of RPE-LTP. The 5-point MOS test was performed, and the result was that the basic speech quality of VSELP was equivalent or better than that of RPE-LTP.

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ROLE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION MODELING IN PESTICIDE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT

  • Wauchope, R.Don;Linders, Jan B.H.J.
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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    • 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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    • pp.91-93
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    • 2003
  • It has been estimated that the equivalent of approximately $US 50 billion has been spent on research on the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment since Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962. Much of the resulting knowledge has been summarized explicitly in computer algorithms in a variety of empirical, deterministic, and probabilistic simulation models. These models describe and predict the transport, degradation and resultant concentrations of pesticides in various compartments of the environment during and after application. In many cases the known errors of model predictions are large. For this reason they are typically designed to be “conservative”, i.e., err on the side of over-prediction of concentrations in order to err on the side of safety. These predictions are then compared with toxicity data, from tests of the pesticide on a series of standard representative biota, including terrestrial and aquatic indicator species and higher animals (e.g., wildlife and humans). The models' predictions are good enough in some cases to provide screening of those compounds which are very unlikely to do harm, and to indicate those compounds which must be investigated further. If further investigation is indicated a more detailed (and therefore more complicated) model may be employed to give a better estimate, or field experiments may be required. A model may be used to explore “what if” questions leading to possible alternative pesticide usage patterns which give lower potential environmental concentrations and allowable exposures. We are currently at a maturing stage in this research where the knowledge base of pesticide behavior in the environmental is growing more slowly than in the past. However, innovative uses are being made of the explosion in available computer technology to use models to take ever more advantage of the knowledge we have. In this presentation, current developments in the state of the art as practiced in North America and Europe will be presented. Specifically, we will look at the efforts of the ‘Focus’ consortium in the European Union, and the ‘EMWG’ consortium in North America. These groups have been innovative in developing a process and mechanisms for discussion amongst academic, agriculture, industry and regulatory scientists, for consensus adoption of research advances into risk management methodology.

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