• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.57-61
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of study was to find out the environmental risk factor that can be easily occurred imbalance muscle activities according to direction for using the ramp during one legged standing. Method : The subjects were 20 normal adults with a mean age of $23.15{\pm}2.14years$ and a Body Mmass Index (BMI) of $22.74{\pm}1.07$. Participants were measured muscle activities on vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus during one legged stance at four conditions ramp (down ramp, up ramp, medial ramp, lateral ramp). The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS(Ver. 23) and p-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant for all cases. Result : In this study, the activity of the lower extremity muscle and the ratio of the vastus medial and lateral muscles according to the direction of use of the ramp were investigated. The changes in the muscle activity of the lower limbs along the direction of the ramp were significantly different between the vastus medial muscle and the peroneus longus muscle. Conclusion : For a short time on a ramp or a pedestrian crossing, a clerk in a ramp can move or stand by placing the lower limbs in various directions, but if performed in consideration of the individual's disease characteristics or unstable foot position, It is thought that there will be an effect to prevent on the ankle and knee unstability.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate the relation of body composition analysis and radiological parameter(lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordortic angle, lumbar gravity line). Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. 75 subject aged 20-59 performed the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, questionnaire. And lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordortic angle and lumbar gravity line were measured in the standing position x-ray. Then we analyzed the data. Results : Low back pain(LBP) prevalence in high obesity index(Body Mass Index(BMI), Percentage of Body Fat(PBF), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR)) group was higher than LBP prevalence in normal obesity index group(p<0.01). In LBP group, lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordortic angle were significantly lager than Non-LBP group(p<0.001). And 75% of LBP group indicated abnormal lumbar gravity line ratio(0.67 < Normal lumbar gravity line ratio <1.00). When it comes to analyze relation between obesity index and radiological parameter, no-significant change was seen. Conclusions : This study carried as following research after the study on relation of obesity, LBP and trunk muscle strength. Results from this investigation showed positive correlation between obesity and LBP prevalence. But obesity index didn't indicate significant correlation with structural changes of lumbar vertebrae. When considering prior research, trunk muscle strength changes were more related to LBP prevelence in obese people. This results are expected to explain causes of LBP in obese group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to present clinical utility of therapeutic exercise on the neck and shoulder parts based on the movement system impairment syndrome(MSIS) as Dong-Qi therapy of the Dong-Si Acupuncture and was to examine which Dong-Si acupoints were most effective and non-invasive when performing therapeutic exercise of the MSIS. Methods : Totally eight therapeutic exercises correspondent to eight neck and shoulder MSIS were summarized and tabulated from the Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndrome and Movement System Impairment Syndromes Of The Extremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines by Sahrmann SA. Together with the MSIS summaries, acupuncture points and Dong-Qi therapy were summarized and tabulated from Yangweijiequanji 1 and Yangweijiequanji 2 by Yangweijie. According to the posture and movement of the MSIS exercise, effective and non-invasive acupoints were selected. Thereafter, clinical pilot study which five normal volunteers participated in were performed to examine whether these acupoints resulted in any side effects of acupuncture therapy such as pain and distortion of the needle during the MSIS exercises. Results : Through clinical pilot study, ZhongZi, ZhongXian, ZhengJin, ZhengZong and MuLiu in a sitting position, and HuaGuYi, ZhongZi and ZhongXian in a supine position were finally determined as safe and non-invasive Dong-Si acupoints to treat cervical pain. In terms of shoulder pain, ZuQianJin, ZuWuJin, HuaGuEr and JianZhong in a supine position, SiHuaZhong, ZuQianJin, ZuWuJin, QuLing, JianZhong, ShenGuan and JiuLi in a standing position, and ZuQianJin, ZuWuJin, HuaGuEr, QuLing and JianZhong in a prone position were finally accepted as safe and non-invasive Dong-Si acupoints. Conclusion : It is concluded that Dong-Si acupoints can be safely and non-invasively used together with therapeutic exercises of the MSIS to treat cervical and shoulder pains.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.309-320
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• 1999

Medial patellar luxation in dogs is one of the most common patellar problems presented to the veterinary practitioner. It is observed in toy and miniature breed and the majority of cases is a congenital form. Because of extensor mechanism's instability, it causes deformity and disorder in the growth of the affected limb when the luxation is left without treatment As lameness is not easily detectable in puppies, early diagnosis and correction are essential for therapy. Up to now, there has not been any reports refering to the diagnostic methods and the optimal age for correction in young dogs. Thirteen 45-90 days old puppies, have grade I and/or II medial patellar luxation. Only by palpation, all 13 dogs were diagnosed of patelar luxation. Skyline radiographic view was useful to interpret patellar morphology and depth of trochlear groove only above 60 days old. However, it was difficult to make definite diagnosis patellar luxation. The caudocranial and lateral radiographic view as well as ultrasonographic skyline view were not showed of patellar luxation. 2 puppies had unilateral patellar luxation and 11 puppies had bilateral patellar luxation which more serious on the left than on the right. Only 3 puppies among 11 puppies with bilateral patellar luxation were observed of lameness degree 1. Regardless of grade of patellar luxation and lameness, we performed trochlear chondroplasty using a U-shape sculpture blade to minimize cartilage injury, transposition of tibia tuberosity with No. 1 Supramid to align extensor mechanism and lateral imbrication. After surgery, we examined the operated animal daily for 10 days and on 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery respectively. After operation, pain and fever became normal on 7 days, swelling on 10 days, respectively. On 10 days after surgery, dogs showed normal standing position, and normal walking was observed in 15 days after surgery. In force plate analysis, the operated legs were normal weight bearing at 30 days after operation. After surgery, not only patellar luxation and clinical signs have been gradually reduced but also bone growth have become normal without showing growth physeal plate injury. The survival rate of puppies over 62 days old was 100%, while 42-45 days old 37.5%. The above results suggest that optimal age for surgical correction of congenital medial patellar luxation is recommended over 60 days old. In conclusion, combination of trochlear chondroplasty, transposition of tibia tuberosity, and lateral retinacular imbrication is appropriate for over 60 days old puppies to efficiently correct patellar luxation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of spinopelvic parameters between degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSPL) and isthmic spondylolisthesis (ISPL) patients. Methods : Thirty-four patients with DSPL and 19 patients with ISPL were included in this study. Spinopelvic parameters were evaluated on whole spine X-rays in a standing position. The following spinopelvic parameters were measured : pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal vertical axis from C7 plumb line (SVA). The population of patients was compared with a control population of 30 normal and asymptomatic adults. Results : There were statistically significant differences in LL (p=0.004) and SVA (p=0.005) between the DSPL and ISPL group. The LL of DSPL ($42{\pm}13^{\circ}$) was significantly lower than that of the control group ($48{\pm}11^{\circ}$; p=0.029), but that of ISPL ($55{\pm}6^{\circ}$) was significantly greater than a control group (p=0.004). The SVA of DSPL ($55{\pm}49$ mm) was greater than that of a control group (<40 mm), but that of ISPL ($21{\pm}22$ mm) was within 40 mm as that of a control group. The PT of DSPL ($24{\pm}7^{\circ}$) and ISPL ($21{\pm}7^{\circ}$) was significantly greater than that of a control group ($11{\pm}6^{\circ}$; p=0.000). Conclusion : Both symptomatic DSPL and ISPL patients had a greater PI than that of the asymptomatic control group. In conclusion, DSPL populations are likely to have global sagittal imbalance (high SVA) compared with ISPL populations because of the difference of lumbar lordosis between two groups.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.34-44
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot angle with KAT 2000 (Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Forty-nine (male 24, female 25) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were assessed under two conditions. One was eye-opened condition and the other one was eye-closed one in 3 psi surface condition. All subjects were tested at different foot angle that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The subject attempted to keep the platform as stable as possible with eyes closed and with eyes opened for every 20 seconds. The starting position was that subject crossed their arms across chest and flexed knees slightly. The results of each test were showed by a score on screen, which meant balance index. The se collected data were analyzed by using oneway ANOVA, Scheffe test, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When the foot angle were changed, balance index was the lowest in toes-out $25^{\circ}$ condition and greatest with toes-in $45^{\circ}$ with eyes opened and with eyes closed. There were statistically significant difference with eyes opened and with eyes closed (p<0.05). 2. There was statistically significant difference in balance index according to visual condition and the balance index tested with eyes closed was higher than with eyes closed(p<0.05). 3. There was statistically significant difference in balance index by gender(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.383-393
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• 2019

Objectives: The proportion of those working beyond 53 hours a week in 2018 has reached 16.8% of the total number of workers in the Republic of Korea (Statistics Korea, 2018). Although there are many studies that have dealt with the correlation of long working hours and increasing risk of work-related health problems, studies dealing with the factors impacting work-related health problems of workers according to their working hours are few. This study aims to ascertain factors impacting work-related health problems of workers based on their working hours through thorough research on their work environment. Methods: Necessary factors for this study were extracted from 'the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey to analyze details on normal characteristics and work environments used for the study analysis, work hours, and health problems related to work. Results: The results are as follows: First, men showed a greater probability of exposure to work-related health problems than did women, especially in the 50s age group, which showed the highest potential for health problems from work among age groups. Second, service providers and sales professionals showed a higher probability of work-related health problems. Third, for the work environment, health problems at work related to vibration, noise, chemical and poison exposure, exhaustion, pain, standing position, and repeated motion showed a higher probability if the work hours are long. Conclusions: This study suggests that the minimization of overtime labor would prevent work-related health problems and diseases, improve the well-being of workers, and decrease the negative impact on workers in the subject area.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dizziness affects static balance due to the disruption or absence of the senses involved in balance. To this end, the correlation between the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), which objectively evaluates dizziness, the Fourier Index (FI; Frequency bands of postural oscillation, F1, F2-4, F5-6, F7-8) and the Stability Index (ST), which evaluates static balance ability, were examined. Methods: This study investigated balance and dizziness issues in 30 healthy young adults. Participants underwent multiple tests like the DHI and tetra-ataxiometric posturography (Tetrax) under different conditions (eyes open/closed, standing on a foam-rubber pillow, and with the head in various orientations). Results: We found that F1 exhibited a weak positive correlation with dizziness under normal conditions, as well as when the eyes were closed (r=0.396, p<0.05) and the head was tilted back (r=0.375, p<0.05). Meanwhile, F5-6 showed a moderate positive correlation with dizziness in both head-back (HB: r=0.471, p<0.05) and head-forward postures (r=0.404, p<0.05). Lastly, both F7-8 and ST demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with dizziness when the head was in a forward posture (F7-8: r=0.483; ST: r=0.403, p<0.05). Conclusion: The study results indicate that the severity of dizziness affects sensory systems and balance. It also suggests that head movements, especially forward and backward, further stimulate the vestibular system, intensifying dizziness, and balance problems in affected individuals.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

The functional loot orthoses, when wearing shoes, are in the direct contact with bottom of foots to improve and recover the correctness of abnormal lower limb musculoskeletal imbalance and the primary role of foot and also, it can act to keep the balance and weight of body and support the weakened region, so that it is very helpful to keep body balance for the standing position. In this paper, it was researched that foot orthoses which is accommodable for the function of impact absorption including the gait stability affect on the balanced performances of body in according to the formation and the material of foot part. Taking into account the balanced performances by using the sway velocity, the estimation and comparison of the effects on the balanced performances by each formation and material for foot orthoses was evaluated into significant values(p<0.006) in only the eye-opening posture with Firm state, In this posture, the static process performed by each foot formation reveals in order of normal foot(p<0.010), flat foot(p<0.000) and hollow foot(p<0.003) and then, on the base of each formation of foot part, the result that analyze the effects of the materials of foot orthoses on the balance performance appeared showing that soft materials is more effective on the normal foot and, on the other hand, rigid materials is more effective in balancing on flat foot and hollow foot.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1994

In this research, the mentally-handicapped children being able to be trained were investigated the actual condition of train function making 40 mentally-handicapped children in Kummi Hyedang Spacial Education School, to exmine the effect of physical exercise function when training the mentally-handicapped children who can be trained as applying exercise education programs, and trains for 10 weeks by assigning to both experiment group and control group according to children who are similar to training functions from pre-examination. The results are in following: First, the results of test in the exercise ability of mentally-handicapped children with the degree of being able to trained are very delayed in comparison with normal mental children through the both top and bottom examination. The developments of 5 exercise functions classified by domain, have the order of eyesight exercise, softness, physical strength, quickness, parallelism, the interaction of both eye and hand, and, have the exercise function being equal to the level of between 6 and 12 years old. In 13 bottom test, throwing bean-bag is equal to the nomal 12 years old boy. the board jump, sitting position / bending forward / closing are equal to the level of 12 years old boy. standing with only leg is the level of 9 years old, threading pearls is 7 years old, transfering the wood building, picking the upper body up, walking board, balancing one leg with opened, eye, fist / opening palm / palm, bending and opening arm with postrating on chair, are the exercise functions of below 6 years old. Second, there are great effects in carrying out the exercise education program to the mentally-handicapped children with the level of being able to trained. In experiment group, it is elevated to the middle level of 12 years old nomal children. Classified by domain of test the board jump, training, the bean-bag are far higher level than 12 years old normal children, and are elevated the level of 11 years old boy. Balancing only leg with closed eye is below the level of 10 years old boys, fist / opening palm / palm are the level of 9 years old boys. There and back running, picking the upper body is the level of 9 years old girls. Walking board is the level of 8 years old boys. Bending and opening arm with postrating on chair is the level of 7 rears old boy. Balancing one leg with opened eye is elevated to the level of f years old girls. These functions have the more balanced exercise function rather than pre-examination. In control group, they have little change by classified the bottom test, but have the exercise function on the time of pre-examination, go backward in physical strength. quickness. Third, the exercise function being learned by exercise education program on the mentally-handicapped children of the level with being able to train is appeared to maintain continuately. Softness, physical strength, quickness, eyesight training are maintained the learned exercise function, the interaction of both eye and hands, parallelism are delayed a little. Classified by the bottom test. threading pearls, transfering the wood building, throwing the bean-bag, sitting position / rolling forward / reaching, the broad jump and picking upper body up, there and bark running, picking upper body up, balancing with only leg as opened eye, bending and opening arm with postrating on chair, etc. are maintained. Fist / opening palm / palm, balancing with only leg as opened eye are delayed a little. The change of body position is elevated. Seeing these results, it is appeared to the mentally-handicapped children that the exercise education programs, which is suitable their actual condition and acomplishes in voluntary participation, have very positive effect. So, to develop the function of body exercise in mentally-handicapped children with the level of being to able to be trained, the measures must be groped so that the exercise education programs can be practiced positively, and the ,body exercise can be experienced more.