• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1992

Low doses of ionizing radiation from external or internal sources cause heterogeneous distribution of energy deposition events in the exposed biological system. With the cell being the individual element of the tissue system, the fraction of cells hit, the dose received by the hit, and the biological response of the cell to the dose received eventually determine the effect in tissue. The hit cell may experience detriment, such as change in its DNA leading to a malignant transformation, or it may derive benefit in terms of an adaptive response such as a temporary improvement of DNA repair or temporary prevention of effects from intracellular radicals through enhanced radical detoxification. These responses are protective also to toxic substances that are generated during normal metabolism. Within a multicellular system, the probability of detriment must be weighed against the probability of benefit through adaptive responses with protection against various toxic agents including those produced by normal metabolism. Because irradiation can principally induce both, detriment and adaptive responses, one type of affected cells may not be simply summed up at the expense of cells with other types of effects, in assessing risk to tissue. An inventory of various types of effects in the blood forming system of mammals, even with large ranges of uncertainty, uncovers the possibility of benefit to the system from exposure to low doses of low LET radiation. This experimental approach may complement epidemiological data on individuals exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation and may lead to a more rational appraisal of risk.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2004

Objective : This study investigated the effects of Yangsaengwhallyukdan on nitrite oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitrite level, antioxidation and erectile response in rat corpus cavernosum penis. Methods : Yangsaengwhallyukdan was formulated to contain various natural products that have been used to treat erectile dysfunction. Yangsaengwhallyukdan suspended in a 0.5% CMC solution was oral-administered, 50 mg or 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 30 days, while the normal group was administered only with a 0.5% CMC solution. The efficacy of the Yangsaengwhallyukdan was assessed with regard to erectile function. Results: After the Yangsaengwhallyukdan was administered to the rat for 30 days, the urethral NOS activity increased. The level of urethral nitrite, glutathione and testosterone increased too. The level of urethral lipid peroxide was decreased in Yangsaengwhallyukdan treated rats. The erectile response to a cavernous nerve stimulation in L-NAME$(10^4)$-treated rats in rats given Yangsaengwhallyukdan reached the level of the normal group. Conclusions : This study suggest that Yangsaengwhallyukdan is effective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 1995

This study determined plasma glucose, free fatty acid(ffa), epinephrine, norepinephrine, creatine the phosphokinase(CPK), calcium (Ca), magnesium(Mg) and hydroxyproline, Ca and Mg in the heart muscle. Thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats average weighing 110g divided into two diet group : normal Mg group(0.05% Mg), Marginal Mg group(0.005% Mg). After the rats were on experimental diets for 2 weeks, rats for each group were randomly assigned to stress and no stress group and 30 minutes IMMB stress was administered to stress group every day for two weeks. The following were found : 1) Rats fed normal magnesium diet showed decreased plasma glucose and non signficant change in norepinephrine and CPK with IMMB stress, while magnesium deficient rats showed elevated plasma glucose, norepinephrine and CPK with stress. 2) Myocardial hydroxyproline and plasma epinephrine were not significantly different among groups. 3) In the rats fed adequate magnesium, stress increased plasma magnesium while rats on marginal magnesium diet did not show significant change with stress. 4) Plasma and myocardial calcium were increased in rats fed marginal Mg diet, but did not show any significant difference with stress.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2011

Due to the expansion of high-speed Internet access, the need for secure and reliable networks has become more critical. The sophistication of network attacks, as well as their severity, has also increased recently. As such, more and more organizations are becoming vulnerable to attack. The aim of this research is to classify network attacks using neural networks (NN), which leads to a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate in a shorter time. This paper focuses on two classification types: a single class (normal, or attack), and a multi class (normal, DoS, PRB, R2L, U2R), where the category of attack is also detected by the NN. Extensive analysis is conducted in order to assess the translation of symbolic data, partitioning of the training data and the complexity of the architecture. This paper investigates two engines; the first engine is the back-propagation neural network intrusion detection system (BPNNIDS) and the second engine is the radial basis function neural network intrusion detection system (BPNNIDS). The two engines proposed in this paper are tested against traditional and other machine learning algorithms using a common dataset: the DARPA 98 KDD99 benchmark dataset from International Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Tools. BPNNIDS shows a superior response compared to the other techniques reported in literature especially in terms of response time, detection rate and false positive rate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-239
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• 2015

The thermal, mechanical, and neutronic performance of the metal alloy fast reactor fuel design complements the safety advantages of the liquid metal cooling and the pool-type primary system. Together, these features provide large safety margins in both normal operating modes and for a wide range of postulated accidents. In particular, they maximize the measures of safety associated with inherent reactor response to unprotected, doublefault accidents, and to minimize risk to the public and plant investment. High thermal conductivity and high gap conductance play the most significant role in safety advantages of the metallic fuel, resulting in a flatter radial temperature profile within the pin and much lower normal operation and transient temperatures in comparison to oxide fuel. Despite the big difference in melting point, both oxide and metal fuels have a relatively similar margin to melting during postulated accidents. When the metal fuel cladding fails, it typically occurs below the coolant boiling point and the damaged fuel pins remain coolable. Metal fuel is compatible with sodium coolant, eliminating the potential of energetic fuel-coolant reactions and flow blockages. All these, and the low retained heat leading to a longer grace period for operator action, are significant contributing factors to the inherently benign response of metallic fuel to postulated accidents. This paper summarizes the past analytical and experimental results obtained in past sodium-cooled fast reactor safety programs in the United States, and presents an overview of fuel safety performance as observed in laboratory and in-pile tests.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.825-826
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that applies Rolle's theorem to automatically detect and label peak III and V of the normal, suprathreshold auditory brainstem response (ABR). ABR waveform were recorded from 55 normal-hearing ears at screening levels varying from 30 to 60 dBnHL. For each ABR waveform, the peak-finding algorithm proceeded in fourth steps: (1) Select maximum and minimum values of the target ABR waveform, (2) divide this range into n equal parts, (3) effective candidate peaks in the ABR waveform are identified using Rolle's theorem (4) peak III and V are identified from these candidate peaks based on their latency and morphology. As a result, proposed auto dectection method showed high correlation and accuracy with manual detection method performed by clinician. By using proposed algorithm, clinician can detect and label peak III and V faster and more efficient than manual detection method.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2012

The present paper deals with the nonlinear analysis of the functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) annular plate with two smart layers as sensor and actuator. The normal pressure is applied on the plate. The geometric nonlinearity is considered in the strain-displacement equations based on Von-Karman assumption. The problem is symmetric due to symmetric loading, boundary conditions and material properties. The radial and transverse displacements are supposed as two dominant components of displacement. The constitutive equations are derived for two sections of the plate, individually. Total energy of the system is evaluated for elastic solid and piezoelectric sections in terms of two components of displacement and electric potential. The response of the system can be obtained using minimization of the energy of system with respect to amplitude of displacements and electric potential. The distribution of all material properties is considered as power function along the thickness direction. Displacement-load and electric potential-load curves verify the nonlinearity nature of the problem. The response of the linear analysis is investigated and compared with those results obtained using the nonlinear analysis. This comparison justifies the necessity of a nonlinear analysis. The distribution of the displacements and electric potential in terms of non homogenous index indicates that these curves converge for small value of piezoelectric thickness with respect to elastic solid thickness.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

RNases plays a pivotal role in biological system and different RNases are known for their various functions like angiogenesis, immunological response, antiviral, antitumour activity and apoptosis. In which anti tumour activity of RNase is proved to improve genome stability in normal cells up to some extent. RNases like RNase L shows antiviral and antitumour activities against virus infected cells and cancer cells through 2'-5' oligo adenylate pathway and induces RNaseL dependent apoptosis where as RNase A modulates various proliferative pathways like MAP kinase, JNK, TGF-${\beta}$ and activates apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes immunological response through processing of Ags. IRE1 RNase acts as both tumour suppressor gene and oncogene in normal and cancer cells and involved in both antitumour and tumorigenic activities. RNase III upregulates miRNA in cancer cells there by acting via posttranscriptional level and proven to be effective against colorectal adeno carcinoma. In addition to this IRE1 RNase is a double edged sword through RIDD pathway in ER (18). To some of the cancers expressing c-myc IRE1 acts as tumour suppressor where as in cancers where myc is downregulated IRE1 acts as tumour provoking through RIDD pathway (18). Thus RNases play vital role in regulating the genome stability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 2019

Previous report has suggested that the albumin levels were reduced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and consequently oxidative stress was elevated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as albumin is the predominant antioxidant in plasma. In this study, we suggest that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) were increased by approximately 3.4- and 2.9-fold, respectively, in the serum of STZ-diabetic rats, compared to those of normal rat. In addition to the cytokines, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were also about 3.6-fold higher, indicating that STZ induced a pro-inflammatory response in rat blood. However, when purified rat albumin was externally co-administrated with STZ through the tail vein, the serum levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and CRP were markedly reduced, although the values were still higher than those of normal (non-diabetic) rats. Albumin administration also decreased STZ-induced oxidative stress in serum and PBMCs. Moreover, the decrease in cytokine and CRP levels was dependent on the dose of injected albumin. These results suggest that STZ-induced pro-inflammation and oxidative stress in rat blood might be attenuated by treatment with exogenous albumin.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

The force-deformation behavior, strain distribution and failure modes of a variable damping self-centering brace (VD-SCB) are theoretically analyzed, experimentally studied, and numerically simulated to guide its design. The working principle of the brace is explained by describing the working stages and the key feature points of the hysteretic curve. A large-scale brace specimen was tested under different sinusoidal excitations to analyze the recentering capability and energy dissipation. Results demonstrate that the VD-SCB exhibits a full quasi-flag-shaped hysteretic response, high ultimate bearing capacity, low activation force and residual deformation, and excellent recentering and energy dissipation capabilities. Calculation equations of the strain distribution in different parts of the brace are proposed and are compared with the experimental data and simulated results. The developments of two failure modes are compared. Under normal circumstances, the brace fails due to the yielding of the spring blocking plates, which are easily replaced to restore the normal operating conditions of the brace. A brief description of the design procedure of the brace is proposed for application.