• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2014

This study analyzes the cause and the repairing method of water leak by parts of basement parking lot which is recorded to have a high defect frequency in apartment buildings. It has been assessed that the cause of water leakage on the first floor upper substrate is due to such factors as landscaping and weights. During construction or through other cases, it has been determined that cracks were produced in the apartment structure because the structure was weak and exposed to the effects of the substrate movement. The base floor and underground external walls are areas that are exposed to water pressure (uplife pressure), thus in normal cases the rear surface repair of the structure using sythetic rubberized polymer gel should be considered as an effective method. However, in cases where application of waterproofing layer is required in the structure due to high water pressure, using asystolic cement milk grout to form the waterproofing layer and applying water-swelling acrylic material into the cracked areas is considered to be highly effective.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of continuous wave ultrasound and pulsed wave ultrasound that influence changes in pain and range of motion when applied to patients with temporomandibular joint disability. Methods: The subjects of the study were 40 selected patients who had been diagnosed with temporomandibular joint movement restriction and had endured pain for more than two weeks. These patients had visited K orthopedic surgery in Deagu measured from October 1, 2004 to March 31, 2005. The subjects were divided into two groups with 20 patients each. The one group was applied to continuous wave ultrasound and the other group was applied to pulsed wave ultrasound at a dosage of 1.5 W/$cm^2$ for a duration of 5 minutes and eight times for two weeks. The pain perception degree were measured by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and the range of motion was measured by using a rule for each group. Results: The results obtained were as follows The change in the pain perception degree were statistically significant in both group(p<0.05) ; however, the continuous wave ultrasound group showed more difference in the average decrease in the pain perception degree than did the pulsed wave ultrasound group. Both groups showed significant results regarding changed in the range of motion(p<0.05) ; Comparing the difference in the average of the range of motion between the two groups, came back from normal the range of motion of temporomandibular joint at the both groups. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, we found that both groups showed decreased pain and increased the range of motion, but the continuous wave ultrasound method had a higher therapy effect pain and the range of motion than the pulsed wave ultrasound method to patients with temporomandibular joint disability. With such finding, we expect that according to ultrasound therapy applicant method can be helped usable accurately to patients with variety symptoms temporomandibular joint disability.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

This study was to performed to assess social factors and physical health status. The subjects of the study were 103 elderly people of age over 85 years living in Ganghwa-gun area. The method of this research was based on the interview-survey with questionnaire. Chi-square test was the main data analysis method. The subject group was composed of 36 males and 67 females, the average age being 91.0 $\pm$ 3.2 years old for the males and 91.1 $\pm$ 3.4 years old for the females. The aged average height and weight were 161.0 $\pm$ 7.9 cm and 54.6 $\pm$ 7.8 kg in males, 141.0 $\pm$ 8.2 cm and 42.2 $\pm$ 7.9 kg in females which were lower than the Korean average standard but the mean BMIs of both male and female showed normal range. Their level of education was lower and they tended to be religious. The aged population might be economically poor. Their level of living standards tended to have been lower-middle and lower class. The mean age of their parents' death were 64.3 $\pm$ 17.2 years in males, 59.0 $\pm$ 14.9 years in females for the father and 70.9 $\pm$ 15.5 years in males, 66.8 $\pm$ 16.6 years in females for the mother. The rate of living together with their family or spouse in the female aged was $83.2\%$ higher than in the male aged. They tended to have engaged in hobbies that require less movement. Of the kinds of hobby, 'TV watching ($47.8\%$ in male and $44.9\%$ in female) was the highest. Ratios of the drinking and the smoking elderly were $30.6\%$, $25.0\%$ in male and $7.5\%$, $18.8\%$ in female but they tended to have never drunken and smoked. Of the subjects, $42.9\%$ spend 8$\~$9 hours for sleeping in male and $35.8\%$ spend 10 hours for sleeping in female. They tended to have not done any particular health behavior. The most common diseases were digestive disease in male, arthritis and hypertension in female. Most elderly males ($47.3\%$) and females ($61.2\%$) had 1$\~$2 diseases.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2018

A fire shutter is installed to prevent the movement of fire or smoke when a fire occurs inside a building. Fire shutters have access doors for passengers. On the other hand, the present fire shutter door display regulation is only required to be displayed in a different color from the surroundings. Hence, the risk of people not being able to recognize the door of the fire shutter is quite high, and the danger increases further in a smoke situation. Therefore, this study attempted to find a way to mark a fire shutter door that can be recognized even when smoke is spreading. First, a preliminary questionnaire was used to draw three factors to mark the fire shutter door (sign, door background, and edge). The experiment type was set by combining 5 colors for the three derived factors. The experiment was conducted on a total of 122 male and female participants. The results showed that a yellow background, red sign, and red edge have the highest awareness in a normal visual field without smoke. This was also the same in the field of view in the case of a fire with smoke, but the red background, yellow sign, and yellow edge were most noticeable in the case of dark smoke.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.566-570
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to assess the complications of titanium clip application after ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and find the proper surgical technique to minimize the complications by comparing the ligation method of ovarian pedicle. Six female beagle dogs were used for this study and they were divided randomly into two groups by ligation techniques: ligation and non-ligation of the suspensory ligament of ovary including ovarian pedicle. To evaluate the difference between two techniques, the location and embedded pattern of applied clips in the abdominal cavity were identified through radiographic tests and autopsy. Hematology tests were also performed to check the existence of inflammation by applied clips and all tests were carried out monthly for 1 year. There were few changes in location of clips of both groups on X-ray views without any migration. Almost all values in hematology of two groups were within the normal range and there were no inflammatory symptoms. All of applied clips in two groups were found near the kidney, but the embedded forms of them showed slight differences. The clips ligating suspensory ligament and ovarian pedicle were located in deep place and thickly surrounded with thin layers of peritoneum. But the clips ligating only ovarian pedicle were found with ease on surface of layer and located in lower place compared with the clips ligating suspensory ligament. These results indicate that the suspensory ligament holds applied clips and minimizes the movement of them. Therefore, ligation of suspensory ligament would be the preferred technique in titanium clip application for OHE.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-41
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse four week repeated dose toxicity of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV) extracted from the bee venom in Beagle dogs. Methods: All experiments were conducted under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical study authorized institution. Male and female Beagle dogs of 5-6 months old were chosen for the pilot study of four week repeated dose toxicity of Sweet BV which was administered at the level of 0.56mg/kg body weight which is eighty times higher than the clinical application dosage as the high dosage, followed by 0.28 and 0.14mg/kg as midium and low dosage, respectively. Equal amount of excipient(normal saline) to the Sweet BV experiment groups was administered as the control group every day for four weeks. Results: 1. No mortality was witnessed in all of the experiment groups. 2. All experiment groups were appealed pain sense in the treating time compared to the control group, and hyperemia and movement disorder were observed around the area of administration in all experiment groups, and higher occurrence in the higher dosage treatment. 3. For weight measurement, Neither male nor female groups showed significant changes. 4. In the urine analysis, CBC and biochemistry didn't show any significant changes in the experiment groups compared with control group. 5. For weight measurement of organs, experiment groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. 6. To verify abnormalities of organs and tissues, thigh muscle which treated with Sweet BV, cerebrum, liver, lung, kidney, and spinal cords were removed and conducted histologocal observation with H-E staining. In the histologocal observation of thigh muscle, cell infiltration, inflammatory, degeneration, necrosis of muscle fiber, and fibrosis were found in both thigh tissue. And the changes were depend on the dose of Sweet BV. But another organs were not detected in any abnormalities. 7. The proper high dosage of Sweet BV for the thirteen week repeated test in Beagle dogs may be 0.28mg/kg in one time. Conclusion: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.532-537
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• 2009

Objective : Recently, motion preservation has come to the forefront of emerging technologies in spine surgery. This is the important background information of the emergence of cervical arthroplasty as an alternative to arthrodesis that offers the promise of restoring normal spinal movement and reduces a kinematic strain on adjacent segments. The study was designed to evaluate early surgical outcome and radiological effects of $Bryan^{(R)}$ cervical disc prosthesis. Methods : The authors retrospectively reviewed radiographic and clinical outcomes in 52 patients who received the $Bryan^{(R)}$ Cervical Disc prosthesis, for whom follow-up data were available. Static and dynamic radiographs were measured by computer to determine the angles formed by the endplates of the natural disc preoperatively, those formed by the shells of the implanted prosthesis, the angle of functional spine unit (FSU), and the C2-7 Cobb angle. The range of motion (ROM) was also determined radiographically, whereas clinical outcomes were assessed using Odom's criteria, visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI). Results : A total of 71 $Bryan^{(R)}$ disc were placed in 52 patients. A single-level procedure was performed in 36 patients, a two-level procedure in 13 patients, and a three-level procedure in 3. Radiographic and clinical assessments were made preoperatively. Mean follow-up duration was 29.2 months, ranging from 6 to 36 months. All of the patients were satisfied with the surgical results by Odom's criteria, and showed significant improvement by VAS and NDI score (p < 0.05). The postoperative ROM of the implanted level was preserved without significant difference from preoperative ROM of the operated level (p < 0.05). 97% of patients with a preoperative lordotic sagittal orientation of the FSU were able to maintain lordosis. The overall sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was preserved in 88.5% of cases at the final follow up. Interestingly, preoperatively kyphotic FSU resulted in lordotic FSU in 70% of patients during the late follow up, and preoperatively kyphotic overall cervical alignment resulted in lordosis in 66.6% of the patients postoperatively. Conclusion : Arthroplasty using the $Bryan^{(R)}$ disc seemed to be safe and provided encouraging clinical and radiologic outcome in our study. Although the early results are promising, this is a relatively new approach, therefore long-term follow up studies are required to prove its efficacy and its ability to prevent adjacent segment disease.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

We propose how to program the off-line buffing robot path along shoes' outsole shape in the footwear buffing process by a 5-axis microscribe system like robot mechanism. The microscribe system we developed consists of a 5-axis robot link with a turn table, a signal processing unit, PC and an application software program. Itmakes a robot path on the shoes' upper in accordance with the movement of a microscribe with many joints. The developed system calculates the encoder pulse values for the microscribe arm's rotation and transmits the angle pulse values to the PC through a processing unit. Denavit-Hartenberg's(D-H) direct kinematics is used to make the global coordinate from microscribe joint one. Problems with the microscribe's kinematics can be solved efficiently and systematically by D-H representation. With the coordinate values calculated by D-H equation, our system can draw a buffing gauge-line on the upper sole. We obtain shoes' outline points, which are 2 outlines coupled with the points and the normal vector based on the points. By applying the system to the buffing robot in a flexible manufacturing system, it can be used effectively to program the path of a real buffing robot.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

Pyrrosia lingua which belongs to Polypodiaceae has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary system inflammation, urination disorder, and bronchitis. However, there are not enough phytochemical and pharmacological studies of P. lingua up to now. Here in this study, the protective effect of MeOH extract of whole plant of Pyrrosia lingua (MPL) against 2% glucose-induced toxicity was investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. We found that MPL significantly extended the lifespan of wild-type nematode under normal culture condition. MPL also effectively recovered the decreased lifespan caused by 2% glucose-toxicity. In addition, MPL efficiently attenuated the increased glucose concentration inside of nematode. Further studies evaluating diabetes-related factors revealed that MPL reduced both intracellular ROS and lipid accumulation which were up-regulated under 2% glucose supplement condition. Our data also showed that MPL improved the 2% glucose-induced shortened body movement of nematode. Lastly, we carried out genetic studies using several single gene knockout mutants to establish the possible target of MPL. Our results demonstrated that genes such as daf-2 and daf-16 were responsible for the protective activity of MPL against 2% glucose-induced toxicity. These results indicate that MPL exerts protective action against 2% glucose via regulation of insulin/IGF-1 sinaling pathway and FOXO activation.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.317-345
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• 2020

The dissolution and reconstruction of the male-centered social structure is being requested, but the Korean church still call on women and understand women's roles by limiting them based on traditional 'normal family ideology' and matherhood discourse. However, considering women's various aspects of life, life cycle, and individuality, confining women to existing biological maternal discourse is not suitable to help women grow as subjective leaders and contribute to society. The Korean church needs to find a new curriculum that encourages women to form subjective beliefs. In the life of Christian women of the period of port-opening, we can examine the process of the Korean Christian women establishing the subjectivity of the challenges of Protestant theology, which included stereotypes, gender division of labor, and matherhood discourse. Korean Christian women shared the oppressive experiences of traditional patriarchy after passing silent and receptive perceptions, forming a subjective perception of their injustice and seeking liberation. And it was able to act as a subject of faith by forming a procedural and constructive awareness within a sympathetic and relational community. The Korean church should reconstruct the Christian women's curriculum by reflecting on the curriculum that women formed themselves over 100 years ago.