• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 1987

The number of splenic lymphocyte, serum prostaglandin $E_2$ level and natural killer cell activity were assayed after single whole body irradiation of a sublethal dose of $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$ ray to C57BL/6J mice. With a view to knowing the relationships between radiation induced prostaglandin $E_2$ level and the normal natural killer cell activity after natural killer cell-target cell conjugation, The change of normal natural killer cell activity were measured by administration of prostaglandin $E_2$ containing serum from irradiated mice. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The total number of splenic lymphocyte was significantly decreased by irradiation and the number was not affected by indometacin, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, treatment. 2. Serum prostaglandin $E_2$ level was increased in irradiated mice, but indometacin treated mice group showed low level of prostaglandin $E_2$. 3. In the case of irradiated mice, natural killer cell activity was not shown any difference between irradiated group and indometacin combined group. But when natural killer cell-target cell conjugations were exposed to the serum of each group during cytotoxic activity assay, whereas the normal natural killer cell activity was significantly decreased by treatment of serum from irradiated mice, the activity was not changed by treatment of indometacin pretreated mice serum. This result indicated that the prostaglandin $E_2$ induced by the radiation inhibited the post-target binding cytolytic process of natural killer activity.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2017

The process of spontaneous abortion involves a complex mechanism with various cytokines, growth factors, and hormones during the pregnancy. However, the mechanism underlying spontaneous abortion by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum during the pregnancy is not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous abortion using the $CBA/j{\times}DBA/2$ mouse model. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were not increased in abortion model mice, but anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13 and IL-1ra were decreased compared to normal pregnant mice. In addition, serum levels of chemokine, such as SDF-1, G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-16, KC and MCP-1 were decreased in abortion model mice compared to normal pregnant mice. However, the expression levels of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein in the uteri of implantation sites were significantly higher in abortion model mice than normal pregnant mice. These results suggest that uterine nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression may be down-regulated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the serum of pregnant mice. Moreover, this study suggests the possibility that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expressed in the implantation sites may be associated with the maintenance of pregnancy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia should be controlled to avoid complications of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effects of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry (AOB) on fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vitro ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect of AOB was determined. Maltose solution (2 g/kg) with and without AOB extract at 500 mg/kg or acarbose at 50 mg/kg was orally administered to normal mice after overnight fasting and glucose levels were measured. To study the effects of chronic consumption of AOB, db/db mice received the basal diet or a diet containing AOB extract at 0.4% or 0.8%, or acarbose at 0.04% for 7 weeks. Blood glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose and insulin levels were measured. Expression of adiponectin protein in epididymal white adipose tissue was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: In vitro inhibitory effect of AOB extract on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 92% as strong as that of acarbose. The AOB extract (500 mg/kg) or acarbose (50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the postprandial rise of blood glucose after maltose challenge and the area under the glycemic response curve in normal mice. The AOB extract at 0.4% or 0.8% of diet or acarbose at 0.04% of diet significantly lowered levels of serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values in db/db mice. The expression of adiponectin protein in adipose tissue was significantly elevated by the consumption of AOB at 0.8% of diet. CONCLUSIONS: Autumn olive (E. umbellata Thunb.) berry may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in normal mice. Chronic consumption of AOB may alleviate fasting hyperglycemia in db/db mice partly by inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and upregulating adiponectin expression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2006

Objective : This Study was to investigate effects of Takliikgi-tang on the anti-cancer and proliferation of immunocytes, nitric oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophages. Methods : We used Takliikgi-tang extract (TLT) with freeze-dried, 8weeks-old male mice and cancer cell lines (L1210, Sarcoma-180) for this Study. The cytotoxicity and proliferation of cells were tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay (MTT assay). Results : 1. TLT was significantly showed cytotoxicity on the L1210, 5-180 cell lines. 2. TLT was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes in vitro. 3. TLT was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes in normal mice. 4. TLT was significantly increased NO production from peritoneal macrophages in normal mice. 5. TLT was significantly decreased proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 6. TLT was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes by all-dosage in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 7. TLT was significantly increased NO production from peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. Conclusions : The present author thought that TLT had action of anti-cancer by becoming immunocytes activity (NO production, proliferation of thymocytes).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2005

Objective : This Study was to investigate effects of Takli-San on the anti-cancer and proliferation of immunocytes, nitric oxide(NO) production of peritoneal macrophages. Methods : We used Takli-San extract(TLS) with freeze-dried, 8wks-old male mice and cancer cell lines(L120, Sarcoma-180) for this Study. The cytotoxicity and proliferation of cells were tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay). Results : 1. TLS was significantly showed cytotoxicity on the L1210 cell lines. 2. TLS was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes in vitro. 3. TLS was significantly increased proliferation of thymocytes by all-dosage, but proliferation of splenocytes by low-dosage in normal mice. 4. TLS was significantly increased NO production from peritoneal macrophages in normal mice. 5. TLS was significantly decreased proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 6. TLS was significantly increase proliferation of thymocytes by all-dosage, but proliferation of splenocytes by low-dosage in L1210 cells transplanted mice. 7. TLS was significantly increased NO production from peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. Conclusions : The present author thought that TLS had action of anti-cancer by becoming immunocytes activity(NO production, proliferation of thymocytes).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.172-180
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• 2015

It is well reported that tumor cells can regulate host immune systems. To identify the detailed changes of immune cells between tumor bearing mice and normal mice, we evaluated the systemic immune cell phenotype of B16F10 tumor bearing mice in a time dependent manner. The lymphocytic population (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) of tumor bearing mice significantly decreased compared to that of normal mice. We found that the Foxp3+CD25+ CD4 T cell decreased, but the Foxp3+$CD25^{high}$ CD4 T cell significantly increased. All subpopulations of CD8 T cells decreased, except the CD62L-CD44+ CD8 T cell subpopulation. The myeloid cell population (CD11b+ and Gr-1+ cells) of tumor bearing mice significantly increased. Specifically, Foxp3+$CD25^{high}$ CD4 T cell and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells significantly increased in early phase of tumor progression. These results are helpful to understand the change of the systemic immune cell subpopulation of tumor bearing mice in a time-dependent manner.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The number of diabetic patients has recently shown a rapid increase, and delayed wound healing is a major clinical complication in diabetes. In this study, the wound healing effect of Hominis placenta (HP) treatment was investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Four full thickness wounds were created using a 4 mm biopsy punch on the dorsum. HP was injected subcutaneously at the middle region of the upper and lower wounds. Wounds were digitally photographed and wound size was measured every other day until the 14th day. Wound closure rate was analyzed using CANVAS 7SE software. Wound tissues were collected on days 2, 6, and 14 after wounding for H/E, immunohistochemistry for FGF2, and Masson's trichrome staining for collagen study. RESULTS: Significantly faster wound closure rates were observed in the HP treated group than in normal and diabetes control mice on days 6 and 8. Treatment with HP resulted in reduced localization of inflammatory cells in wounded skin at day 6 in normal mice and at day 14 in diabetic mice (P < 0.01). Expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 showed a significant increase in the HP treated group on day 14 in both normal (P < 0.01) and diabetic mice (P < 0.05). In addition, HP treated groups showed a thicker collagen layer than no treatment groups, which was remarkable on the last day, day 14, in both normal and diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, HP treatment has a beneficial effect on acceleration of cutaneous wound healing via regulation of the entire wound healing process, including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2001

Objective : This study was purposed to investigate the acute. subacute toxicity of Herbal acupuncture with Juglandis Semen(JsD) in mice and rats. Methods & Results: Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with JsD for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with JsD for subacute toxicity test. Results: The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. LD50 was uncountable as could not find the expired of treat group. 2. The clinical signs and body weight changes of mice treated with 0.2cc, 0.4cc JsD were not affected during the acute toxicity test. 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, total protein was increased in treat-l group, compared with normal group, and total cholesterol was increased in treat-2 group, compared with normal group.(P<0.05) 4. In subacute toxicity test, main toxic syndrome was not found. 5. The body weight was decreased in treat-2 group, compared with normal group and relative liver weight was decreased in treat-1, 2 group, compared with normal group in subacute toxicity test.(P<0.05) 6. In subacute toxicity test, WBC, MCH, MCHC were decreased in treat-2 group and RBC was increased in treat-2 group, compared with normal group in complete blood count test.(P<0.05) 7. In subacute toxicity test, treat groups were not changed serum biochemical values of rats, compared with normal group.(P<0.05) Conclusions: According to the results, Herbal-acupuncture with Juglandis Semen caused no toxicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1990

The effects of panaxytrion as known to be a cytotoxic substance isolated from Panax ginseng on the immune responses were examined. The i.p. administration of panaxytriol to normal mice for 6 consecutive days as doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg suppressed the increase of body weight dose-dependently but did not affect the weight ratio of immunoorgans to body weight, No significant changes were observed in the humoral immune responses as measured by Arthus reaction and plaque forming cells and in the cellular immune response as measured by delayed hypersensitivity as well as phagocytic activity of reticuloendotherial system. These results suggested that panaxytriol, a cytotoxic substance to cancer cells, has no detrimental effects on the immune function in normal mice.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 1985

The effects of the garlic preparation on the response of normal and cancer-stricken mice were studied. Food consumption of skin cancer-stricken group decrease more rapidly than that of normal group as cancer of skin develops, but here was no observable change in garlic groups. The rate of weight of increase was the highest in skin cancer-stricken group whereas that of garlic groups was reduced. The feed efficiency ratio was found to be very high in the normal group, whereas that in other goups after inculation of cancer cell was lower. The total protein content of serum was the highest in skin cancer-stricken group was observed to have more conspicuous tumor than other groups, the simultaneous administration of experimental diet and but inoculation of cancer cell produced more severe tumours. It appears that the garlic may exhibit the tendency to reduce the propagation of skin cancer of mice.