• Journal of Information Display
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigated the SLS process to control grain boundary(GB) location in TFT channel region, and it has been found to be applicable for locating the GB at the same location in the channel region of each TFT. We fabricated TFT by applying a new alignment SLS process and compared the TFT characteristics with a normal SLS method and the grain boundary location controlled SLS method. Also, we have analysed degradation phenomena under hot carrier stress conditions for n-type LDD MOSFETs.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.891-892
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• 2006

To test the correlation between grain shape and growth behavior we prepared WC-TiC-Co samples with rounded (Ti, W)C grains and faceted WC grains. The growth of rounded (Ti, W)C grains was normal. In contrast, the growth of faceted WC grains was abnormal or suppressed depending on the initial size of WC particles. These observations were explained using growth theories of crystals in a liquid and were also confirmed by a simulation using their growth equations. The present results thus demonstrate that the growth behavior of carbide grains in a liquid is governed only by their shape, irrespective of the presence of another phase.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

This is an experimental study on the maximum load value and structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns containing shells as a substitute fine aggregate of concrete, through making reinforced concrete test columns with shells. In this study, the main factors consist of the grain sizes and the percentage of substitution of shells to fine aggregate in two kinds of water cement ratio. The results of the study showed as followed. The maximum load value decreased with increased the rate of substitution about shells and as the grain size of shells became smaller, the load values of them were somewhat changed higher but it is important that we must consider absorption rate of shells sufficiently. If we have a proper water cement ratio in column productions containing the shells, we can meet the requirement of the percentage of substitution until 30%. The deflection and deformation properties of reinforced concrete columns with shells represented typical curves like that of normal reinforced concrete. But as the failture types, they are able to make some change without being out of the fundamental graph forms. After the analyzing structural behaviors and the properties of reinforced concrete test columns containing shells, the most excellent grain size of shells represented 3.0mm and less with taking uniformly, and the percentage of practicable substitution of them to fine aggregate was about 30%.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권spc호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

2007년도 성숙기 때 대구 지역에서 장기 강우로 발생한 운광벼 및 고품벼 수발아 종자에 대하여 수량 및 품질을 분석시험을 수행하였다. 수발아 종자의 수량 형질은 현미 천립중은 정상종자 운광벼와 고품벼가 각각 22.1 g과 20.9 g 인데 비해 수발아 종자는 각각 0.6 g과 0.5 g 더 적었으며, 현백 비율은 정상종자 운광벼가 89.2%, 고품벼 87.1%에 비해 각각 3.2%와 6.2% 낮은 86.0%와 80.9%였으며, 수량은 정상종자에 비해 운광벼는 5%, 고품벼는 7% 감수되었다. 식미와 관련 높은 최고점도는 정상종자 운광벼가 3,288, 고품벼가 3,122였는데 비해 수발아 종자는 각각 3,127과 2,149로 낮아 품질이 떨어졌다. 치반점도는 운광벼, 고품벼 모두 정상종자에 비해 수발아 종자가 더 낮았고 경도는 오히려 높아 품질을 크게 떨어 드렸으며, 색차는 고품벼에서 a값이 정상종자는 1.65인데 비해 수발아 종자는 0.90으로 더 낮아색깔이 변하였다

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.142-142
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• 2017

Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) is one of the major grain crops worldwide. The reduced productivity ascribed by adverse environment is increasing the risk of food security. Wheat cultivars have been actively released by public side since 1960s in Korea. Each variety has been developed for superior regional adaptation, pest resistance and mostly high yield. Heat stress tolerance is one of the major parameters that threaten wheat production in Korea. Heat stress during grain filling period has been conceived as critical level and directly influences on wheat production. We evaluated 11 common wheat cultivars ("Baegjoong", "Dajung", "Goso", "Hanbaek", "Jokyoung", "Joeun", "Jopum", "Keumgang", "Olgeuru", "Sinmichal", "Uri") that were exposed to abnormally high temperature during the grain filling period. Each plant was grown well in a pot containing "Sunshine #4" soil in controlled phytotron facility set on $20^{\circ}C$ and 16 h photoperiod. At 9 day-after-anthesis (DAA9), plants were subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $33^{\circ}C$ and maintained constantly at $33^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. After the treatment, plants were subjected to gradual decrease to normal temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) and continue to grow till harvest. Seeds were harvested from each tiller/plant. Total chlorophyll contents decrease level as well as grain parameters were measured to evaluate varietal tolerance to heat stress. We also divide each spike into five regions and evaluate grain characteristics among the regions in each spike. The obtained results allow us to classify cultivars for heat stress tolerance. The pedigree information showed that typical wheat lines provide either tolerance or susceptible trait to their off-springs, which enable breeders to develop heat stress tolerance wheat by appropriate parental choice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 1999

A set of rice recombinant inbred lines was developed from a cross between a Tongil type variety, Nonganbyeo, and an indica variety, BG276, by the single seed descent method. The number of the lines in the population was 272. All the agronomic characters studied except ADV (alkali-digestion value) showed continuous variation among the RILs, implying that their inheritance mode should be quantitative. The patterns of the variation in the RILs were either normal or skewed distribution. ADVs of RILs were segregated into two groups with 1:1 ratio, indicating that ADVs in this KIL population might be controlled by one major gene. Transgressive variations were also observed in all characters. Heritability values of the characters varied from 0.488 in brown/rough rice ratio to 0.895 in alkali-digestion value. In the analysis of genotypic and phenotypic correlations, the character of yield was positively correlated with 8 different agronomic characters. The number of panicles per hill was negatively correlated with culm length, panicle length, and number of spikelets per panicle. Grain length was positively correlated with grain width, grain thickness, grain length/width ratio, white belly, ADV, and amylose. However, grain length/width ratio was negatively correlated with grain width. White core was also negatively correlated with white belly and ADV.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.330-338
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• 1977

고체의 소성변형을 설명하기 위하여 다음과 같은 가정을 하였다. (1) 고체의 소성변형은 크게 두 가지 기구 즉 dislocation 운동과 grain boundary 운동에 의하여 일어난다. (2) Dislocation 운동에 있어서 유동 단위들은 역학적 모형으로 나타내면 다종의 Maxwell 단위들의 평행연결형으로 되고 grain boundary 유동단위들도 다종의 Maxwell 단위들의 평행연결로 표현된다. 이를 물리적으로 설명하면 같은 부류의 유동단위들은 모두 같은 shear plane에서 같은 shear rate로 흐름을 의미한다. (3) Grain boundary 유동단위들과 dislocation 유동단위들 같은 서로 직렬 연결되어 있다. 이는 물리적으로 고체내에서 stress는 균일하게 작용하나 shear rate는 shear plane 의 종류(dislocation 운동면과 grain boundary 운동면)에 따라 달리 나타남을 의미한다. (4) Dislocation 유동단위들과 grain boundary 운동단위들의 운동은 그들의 흐름을 방해하는 장애물 근방의 원자 또는 분자들이 확산해 나가므로써 가능하게 된다. 이러한 가정하에 반응속도론을 적용하여 shear rate와 shear stress를 구하는 일반식을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 실제로 중요한 네가지 경우에 대하여 상기 도출한 일반식을 고찰하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1982

출수기 이후 벼의 동화산물이 분벽자간에 이동하고 있는지를 알기 위하여 1979년에는 일본형 품종 아끼바레만을 그리고 1980년에는 아끼바레와 통일계 품관인 밀양 2003의 두 품종을 공시, 출수기에 분벽자단위로 적엽 또는 적수처리의 정도를 달리하므로써 동일주내의 Source와 Sink의 크기를 조절하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동일주내에서 적엽한 분벽자의 수가 많아질수록 적엽한 분벽자의 등숙율은 점차로 감소되었으나 완전적엽한 주의 등숙율보다는 높은 수치를 보였다. 2. 동일주내에서 적엽일적수의 비율을 달리한 처리구간에는 등숙율의 차이가 없었으나 완전적엽한 주의 등숙율보다는 높은 수치를 보였다. 3. 동일주내에서 적엽한 분벽자의 수가 많아질수록 적엽한 분벽자의 수당립중은 점차로 감소되었으나 완전적엽한 주의 수당립중보다는 많았다. 4. 동일주내에서 적엽일적수의 비율을 달리한 처리구간에는 수당립중의 차이가 없었으나 완전적엽구의 수당립중보다는 많은 값을 보였다. 5. 동일주내에서 적엽한 분벽자의 수를 달리하거나 적엽일적수한 분벽자의 비율을 달리한 결과 출수기 이후에도 동화산물이 분벽자간에 이동되는 것이 확인됐고 이와 같은 현상을 Source와 Sink의 관계로 해석할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.3263-3291
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• 1974

Experimental work of grain bin was carried out to develop the methods of natural air in-bin drying and storage. The method is considered to be more economical, labour saving, and an effective countermeasure to grain loss. To examine the possibility of farm use of the grain bin and to analyze the related factors concerned with in-bin grain drying and storage, ambient air conditions (especially the change of air temperature and relative humidity) and grain quality during drying and storage periods were investigated. A laboratory model bin was constructed to investigate the effect of different forced air conditions on the drying characteristics of rice. In addition, a grain bin with 2.2m diameter and 1.8m height, considered to be the optimum size for the average Korean farm, was constructed and tested to examine the drying and storing characteristics of rice. The weather data analyzed in this study was the nine-year (from 1964 to 1972) record of air temperature and relative humidity in the Suweon area, and the thirty-year (from 1931 to 1960) record of pentad normal relative humidity and air temperature in the Seoul area. From the results of the weather data analyses, the adequate air delivery hours (which was arbitrary defined as the condition to give less than 75% relative humidity) to dry the rice during October were about nine hours (from approximately 10 A.M. to 7 P.M, ) a day, in which the average air temperature was about 15.9$^{\circ}C$ and average relative humidity was 66%. The occurence of days having three hours of such conditions was 1, 2, and 1-day within the 1st, 2nd add last 10-day periods for the month of October, respectively. Therefore, it may be considered that the weather condition in October was satisfactory for the forced natural air drying. The results of the laboratory model bin test were analyzed to obtain the drying curve and drying rate for different drying stages and grain layers in the bin corresponding to various conditions of forced natural air. A drying experiment with a prototype grain bin showed that an approximate 5 percent grain moisture gradient through a 1.6 meter grain deposit was observed after 80 hours of intermittent drying, giving an over dried zone in the lower grain layers and an extremely high grain moisture zone in the upper layers. This indicates that an effective measure should be taken to reduce this high moisture gradient. In order to investigate the drying characteristics of bulk grain in a layerturning operation a grain bin test was performed. This showed a significant improvement of uniform drying. In this test, approximate 107 hours were required to dry a depth of 1.6 meter of grain from an initial moisture content of 22.2 percent to a moisture content of 16.7 percent using an air delivery rate of 2.8 cubic meter per a minute per every cubic meter of grain. This resulted in a 2 percent moisture gradient from the top to the bottom of the bin. During storage period, till the end of June the average temperature of grain was 2~3$^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient air temperature. But during July when the grain moisture content went up slightly (less than 1 percent), the average temperature of the grain also increased to 3~5$^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient air temperature. It is therefore recommended that for safe grain storage, grain should not be stored in sheet metal bins after mid May. From the above results, in-bin rice drying and storage can be used effectively on Korean farms. It is strongly recommended that the use of grain-bin system should be implemented for farm use to improve farm drying and storage of rice.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2006

Environment friendly agriculture is nowadays a major fiend to sustain balanced agricultural ecosystem, keeping its productivity. This study was conducted to determine the optimum levels of nitrogen (N) application for improving rice productivity and reducing N loss through N application based on soil diagnosis. four levels of N were applied with 0, 50, 100 and 150% of recommended levels by soil testing in 4 different paddy soils (i.e. normal, sandy, ill-drained and immature soils). Across N treatments, the greatest grain yield was observed in sandy soil and the lowest in ill-drained soil. The grain yield tended to decrease with increasing N application from 50% to 150% of recommended levels, except ill-drained soil. To ensure maximum yield the optimum levels of N application were estimated at 120 kg, 153 kg and 173 kg $ha^{-1}$ in normal, immature and sandy soil, respectively.