• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2022

This paper presents LiDAR static obstacle map based vehicle position correction algorithm for urban autonomous driving. Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS is commonly used in highway automated vehicle systems. For urban automated vehicle systems, RTK GPS have some trouble in shaded area. Therefore, this paper represents a method to estimate the position of the host vehicle using AVM camera, front camera, LiDAR and low-cost GPS based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Static obstacle map (STOM) is constructed only with static object based on Bayesian rule. To run the algorithm, HD map and Static obstacle reference map (STORM) must be prepared in advance. STORM is constructed by accumulating and voxelizing the static obstacle map (STOM). The algorithm consists of three main process. The first process is to acquire sensor data from low-cost GPS, AVM camera, front camera, and LiDAR. Second, low-cost GPS data is used to define initial point. Third, AVM camera, front camera, LiDAR point cloud matching to HD map and STORM is conducted using Normal Distribution Transformation (NDT) method. Third, position of the host vehicle position is corrected based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).The proposed algorithm is implemented in the Linux Robot Operating System (ROS) environment and showed better performance than only lane-detection algorithm. It is expected to be more robust and accurate than raw lidar point cloud matching algorithm in autonomous driving.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.614-626
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• 2006

Using the data of three environmental monitoring sites in Pohang area(KME112, KME113, and KME114), statistical forecasting models of the daily maximum and mean values of PM10 have been developed. Since the distributions of the daily maximum and mean PM10 values are skewed, which are similar to the Weibull distribution, these values were log-transformed to increase prediction accuracy by approximating the normal distribution. Three statistical forecasting models, which are regression, neural networks(NN) and support vector regression(SVR), were built using the log-transformed response variables, i.e., log(max(PM10)) or log(mean (PM10)). Also, the forecasting models were validated by the measure of RMSE, CORR, and IOA for the model comparison and accuracy. The improvement rate of IOA before and after the log-transformation in the daily maximum PM10 prediction was 12.7% for the regression and 22.5% for NN. In particular, 42.7% was improved for SVR method. In the case of the daily mean PM10 prediction, IOA value was improved by 5.1% for regression, 6.5% for NN, and 6.3% for SVR method. As a conclusion, SVR method was found to be performed better than the other methods in the point of the model accuracy and fitness views.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

Background and Aims : Nerve conduction study is invaluable in clinical neurology, especially for assessing peripheral neuropathies. Abnormal nerve conduction studies may result not only from peripheral nerve dysfunction itself, but also from other various mechanical, technical, and physiological factors such as age, sex, height and temperature. So we conducted this study to establish the our own normal values. Methods : In this study, from March. 1997 to July. 1998, 40 Korean adults among person came to Health Promotion Center over the age of 20 without any suspicion of neurological deficits were analysed to determine the effect of compound effects of several physiological factors. Results : The nerve conduction velocities of the upper extremity and proximal segments were faster than those of the lower extremity and distal segments. Physiological factors such as age, height and temperature affect the results of nerve conduction studies in multiple regression analysis. The sex difference is recognized over peroneal motor nerve. There are no sex differences in amplitude transformed into normal distribution. The significant physiological factor affecting the amplitude of nerve conduction is age, whereas height and temperature play no role. Conclusions : In multiple regression analysis, height is widespread variable for the nerve conduction velocities and temperature is important variable for lower extremities. The parametric statistical analysis cannot be applied to the amplitude of the compound muscle or nerve action potentials because of marked left shift in distribution. Sqareroot transformation of the CMAP and CNAP may be useful in normalizing the distribution. The most significant physiological factor affection the amplitude is age. Sex differences are not seen in nerve conduction study.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.271-282
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• 1992

자궁경부암을 대상으로 란게르한스 세포와 악성변화의 연관성을 연구할 때 사용할 수 있는 통계적 방법을 제시하였다. 포아슨 확률모형에 바탕을 두어 설정된 여러 가능한 부모형 가운데 관찰치에 가장 적합한 모형을 AIC유형의 모형선택 기준에 의하여 선택하였다. 모형선택 기준의 표본분포는 불스트？을 이용하여 근사시키고 추정량의 표본분포는 정규근사를 이용하여 구하였다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1974

This paper reviews several different single site generation models for further development of a model for generating the Synthetic sequences of streamflow in the continuous streams like main streams in Korea. Initially the historical time series is looked using a time series technique, that is correlograms, to determine whether a lag one Markov model will satisfactorily represent the historical data. The single site models which were examined include an empirical model using the historical probability distribution of the random component, the linear autoregressive model(Markov model, or Thomas-Fiering model) using both logarithms of the data and Matala's log-normal transformation equations, and finally gamma distribution model.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2000

기하학적 형상과 유동의 해를 B-스플라인으로 표현하는 3차원 고차 패널법은 프로펠러 주위의 유동을 해석하기 위해 개발되었다. 제어점이 패널내에 놓이는 경우, 고차의 다이폴과 쏘오스에 의해 유기되는 자기 유기 포텐셜의 특이 거동은 2차 변환(quadratic transformation)을 통하여 제거하였으며, 특이 부분은 해석적인 적분으로 비특이 부분은 정도 높은 Gauss 구적법으로 계산함으로써 유기 포텐셜을 정도 높게 구할 수 있음을 보였다. 또한, 날개 뒷날에서의 압력 점프의 값이 명시적으로 영이 되도록하는 동역학적 Kutta 조건식을 도입하고, 이의 적용이 안정된 해를 보장함을 확인하였다. 수치 실험을 통하여, 제안된 수치해석 기법이 안정적이고 정확한 해를 줌을 확인하였으며, 특히 저차 패널법과 비교하여 적은 수의 패널로 동일한 정도의 해를 유지할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.679-698
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• 2002

In this paper some techniques for the dynamic analysis of non-classically damped linear systems are reviewed and compared. All these methods are based on a transformation of the governing equations using a basis of complex or real vectors. Complex and real vector bases are presented and compared. The complex vector basis is represented by the eigenvectors of the complex eigenproblem obtained considering the non-classical damping matrix of the system. The real vector basis is a set of Ritz vectors derived either as the undamped normal modes of vibration of the system, or by the load dependent vector algorithm (Lanczos vectors). In this latter case the vector basis includes the static correction concept. The rate of convergence of these bases, with reference to a parametric structural system subjected to a fixed spatial distribution of forces, is evaluated. To this aim two error norms are considered, the first based on the spatial distribution of the load and the second on the shear force at the base due to impulsive loading. It is shown that both error norms point out that the rate of convergence is strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of the applied forces.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.955-971
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• 2015

In this paper, the influence of the polled direction of piezoelectric materials on the stress distribution is studied under time-harmonic dynamical load (time-harmonic Lamb's problem). The system considered in this study consists of piezoelectric covering layer and piezoelectric half-plane, and the harmonic dynamical load acts on the free face of the covering layer. The investigations are carried out by utilizing the exact equations of motion and relations of the linear theory of electro-elasticity. The plane-strain state is considered. It is assumed that the perfect contact conditions between the covering layer and half-plane are satisfied. The boundary value problems under consideration are solved by employing Fourier exponential transformation techniques with respect to coordinates directed along the interface line. Numerical results on the influence of the polled direction of the piezoelectric materials such as PZT-5A, PZT-5H, PZT-4 and PZT-7A on the normal stresses, shear stresses and electric potential acting on the interface plane are presented and discussed. As a result of the analyses, it is established that the polled directions of the piezoelectric materials play an important role on the values of the studied stresses and electric potential.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.694-698
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• 2008

In hydrology, it is a difficult task to deal with multivariate time series such as modeling streamflows of an entire complex river system. Normal distribution based model such as MARMA (Multivariate Autorgressive Moving average) has been a major approach for modeling the multivariate time series. There are some limitations for the normal based models. One of them might be the unfavorable data-transformation forcing that the data follow the normal distribution. Furthermore, the high dimension multivariate model requires the very large parameter matrix. As an alternative, one might be decomposing the multivariate data into independent components and modeling it individually. In 1985, Lins used Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The five scores, the decomposed data from the original data, were taken and were formulated individually. The one of the five scores were modeled with AR-2 while the others are modeled with AR-1 model. From the time series analysis using the scores of the five components, he noted "principal component time series might provide a relatively simple and meaningful alternative to conventional large MARMA models". This study is inspired from the researcher's quote to develop a multivariate simulation model. The multivariate simulation model is suggested here using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Three modeling step is applied for simulation. (1) PCA is used to decompose the correlated multivariate data into the uncorrelated data while ICA decomposes the data into independent components. Here, the autocorrelation structure of the decomposed data is still dominant, which is inherited from the data of the original domain. (2) Each component is resampled by block bootstrapping or K-nearest neighbor. (3) The resampled components bring back to original domain. From using the suggested approach one might expect that a) the simulated data are different with the historical data, b) no data transformation is required (in case of ICA), c) a complex system can be decomposed into independent component and modeled individually. The model with PCA and ICA are compared with the various statistics such as the basic statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, autocorrelation), and reservoir-related statistics, kernel density estimate.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2007

소프트웨어 고장 시간은 테스팅 시간과 관계없이 일정하거나. 단조증가 혹은 단조 감소 추세를 가지고 있다. 이러한 소프트웨어 신뢰모형들을 분석하기 위한 자료척도로 자료에 대한 추세 검정이 개발되어 있다. 추세 분석에는 산술평균 검정과 라플라스 추세 검정등이 있다. 추세분석들은 전체적인 자료의 개요의 정보만 제공한다. 이러한 분석도구를 다시 세분화하여 품질 관리측면에서 분석을 시도 할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 품질관리 측면에서 사용되는 공정능력지수를 이용한 공정분석을 시도하였다. 소프트웨어 고장 간격 시간은 비음이기 때문에 수명분포가 정규분포를 가정하는 기존의 공정능력분석방법 대신에 정규화 시켜주는 박스-코스 변환을 이용하여 공정 능력 분석을 시도 하였다. 공정능력에 사용된 고장 간격 시간자료는 실제 자료인 SS3을 이용하였고 그 결과를 나열 하였고 이런 결과들의 활용 방안을 제시 하였다.