• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2021

Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks(EH-WSNs) can collect energy from the environment and overcome the technical limitations of existing power. Since the transmission distance in a wireless sensor network is limited, the data are delivered to the destination node through multi-hop routing. In EH-WSNs, the routing protocol should consider the power situations of nodes, which is determined by the remaining power and energy-harvesting rate. In addition, in applications such as environmental monitoring, when there are urgent data, the routing protocol should be able to transmit it stably and quickly. This paper proposes an adaptive routing protocol that satisfies different requirements of normal and urgent data. To extend network lifetime, the proposed routing protocol reduces power imbalance for normal data and also minimizes transmission latency by controlling the transmission power for urgent data. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive routing can improve network lifetime by mitigating the power imbalance and greatly reduce the transmission delay of urgent data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 1993

This paper presents the progress of the development of a nondestructive technique for the classification of normal, septicemic , and cadaver poultry carcasses by the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory at Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A. The Sensing technique is based on the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of poultry carcasses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we prove a stability result for p-centroid bodies with respect to the Hausdorff distance. As its application, we show that the symmetric convex body is determined by its p-centroid body.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.79.2-79
• /
• 2002

1. the principal of a PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) 2. the optical system of the proposed method 3. signal processing 4. experimental result A mechanical engineer experiment on the tension test. In this experiment, they use the extensometer which can measure the extended distance of material. A normal extensometer is the contact type which means that the extensometer should attached to the specimen. It is not convenient to the user. The contacting type can also effect the characteristic of the specimen. So a extensometer is changed from contacting type to non-contacting type. Non-contacting type is not necessary to attach the extensometer to the specimen...

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.43
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 1997

Torques on each joint, the compression on L5/S1 disc, the force on hand of a rider are estimated using a static biomechnic model. Forces that the rider applies to the pedals, saddle and handle during starting and speeding are estimated using static mechanics. Physical stress is considered accroding to handle height and horizontal distance between handle and pedal. When handle height is higher in normal speeding, the force on handle and sum of torques on each joint decreases.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.568-571
• /
• 1997

Recently, the number of techniques for analyzing medical images has been increasing in computer vision, employing X-ray CT images, ultrasound images, MR images, moire topographic images, etc. Spinal deformity is a serious problem especially for teenagers and medical doctors inspect moire topographic images of their backs visually for the primary screening. If a subject is normal, the moire image is almost symmetric with respect to the middle line of the subject's back, otherwise it shows asymmetric shape. In this paper, an image analysis technique is described for discriminating suspicious cases from normal in human spinal deformity by recognizing asymmetric moire images of human backs. The principal axes which are sensitive to asymmetry of the moire image are extracted at two parts on a subject's back and their angles are evaluated with respect to the detected middle line of the back. The two angles compose a 2-D feature space and inspected cases are divided into two clusters in the space by a linear discriminant function based on the Mahalanobis distance. Given 120 cases, 60 normal and 60 abnormal, the leave-out method was applied for the recognition and 75% recognition rate was achieved.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1996.07a
• /
• pp.175-177
• /
• 1996

This paper is studied on the numerical analysis of temperature distribution on the Nb-foil due to the eddy current under operating a superconducting power supply. The increase of rotating speed and magnetic flux above critical magnetic field lead to the temperature rising in the normal spot, the heat was distributed in the region of 30% distance from the center of the normal spot, but the most of the heat was transferred to LHe. Under operation of the sc power supply, the increase of rotation speed has the more influence on the temperature rising than that of magnetic flux. we can conclude that the totaling speed of normal spot is the main design consideration of the sc power supply, and get the optimal value of rotating speed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1978

The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of condylar movement of normal adults. The author has observed roentgenographic images of four serial positions of condylar head taken by modified transcranail lateral oblique projection. The serial positions are centric occlusion, rest position, 1 inch open position and maximal open position. The results were obtained as follow; 1. Inter-incisal distance was 46.85㎜ in maximal open position. 2. The length between the deepest point of glenoid fossa and summit of condylar head in rest position was wider than that in centric occlusion by 0.8㎜. 3. In 1 inch open position, condylar head moved forward from the standard line in 12.64㎜ of horizontal direction and moved downwards from the standard line in 1.84㎜ of vertical direction. 4. In maximal open position, condylar head moved forward from the standard line in 19.06㎜ of horizontal direction and moved downwards from thestanard line in 0.4㎜ of vertical direction. 5. In centric occlusion, the width between glenoid fossa and margin of condylar head was greater in the posterior portion than in the anterior portion by 0.4㎜. 6. Except for the estimated figures of 1 inch open position, all of the estimated figures was greater in male than in female.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2006

A direct photograph measurement technique was used to determine the spatial distribution of the spray droplet diameter in subsonic crossflow and it also obtain that SMD distribution by using PLLIF technique. The injector internal flow was classified as three modes such as a normal, cavitation, and hydraulic flip. The objectives of this research are getting a droplet distribution and drop size measurement of normal flow and compare with the other flow effects. Although the study showed visually that drop size were spatially dependent of Air-stream velocity, fuel injection velocity, and normalized distance from the injector exit length.(x/d, y/d) There are also difference characteristics between cavitation, hydraulic flip and the normal flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.9 s.114
• /
• pp.904-911
• /
• 2006

A modified energy method for the fretting wear of the steam generator tube is proposed to calculate the wear-out depth between the nuclear steam generator tube and its support. Estimation of fretting-wear damage typically requires a non-linear dynamic analysis with the information of the gap velocity and the flow density around the tube. This analysis is very complex and time consuming. The basic concept of the energy method is that the volume wear rate due to the fretting-wear phenomena Is related to work rate which is time rate of the product of normal contact force and sliding distance. The wearing motion is due to dynamic interaction between vibrating tube and its support structure, such as tube support plate and anti-vibration bar. It can be assumed that the absorbed work rate would come from turbulent flow energy around the vibrating tube. This study also numerically obtains the wear-out depth with various wear topologies. A new dissection method is applied to the multi-span tubes to represent the vibrational mode. It turns out that both the secondary side density and the normal gap velocity are important parameters for the fretting-wear phenomena of the steam generator tube.