• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.29 no.1_2
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• pp.173-190
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• 2011

In this paper, we construct a new approach of affine scaling interior algorithm using the affine scaling conjugate gradient and Lanczos methods for bound constrained nonlinear optimization. We get the iterative direction by solving quadratic model via affine scaling conjugate gradient and Lanczos methods. By using the line search backtracking technique, we will find an acceptable trial step length along this direction which makes the iterate point strictly feasible and the objective function nonmonotonically decreasing. Global convergence and local superlinear convergence rate of the proposed algorithm are established under some reasonable conditions. Finally, we present some numerical results to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.201-206
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• 2004

Laser scanner are getting used for inspection and reverse engineering in industry such as motors, electronic products, dies and molds. However, due to the lack of efficient scanning technique, the tasks become limited to the low accuracy purpose. The main reasons for this limitation for usefulness are caused from the optical drawback, such as irregular reflection, scanning direction normal to measuring surface, the influence of surface integrity, and other optical disturbances. To overcome these drawback of laser scanner, this study propose the mechanism to reduce the optical trouble by using the 2 kinds of rotational movement axis and by composing the spherical coordinate to scanning the surface keeping normal direction consistently. So, it could be designed and interfaced the measuring device to realize that mechanism, and then it could acquisite the accurate 3D form cloud data. Also, these data are compared with the standard master ball and the data acquisited from the touch point sensor, to evaluate the accuracy and stability of measurement and to demonstrate the implementation of an dental tooth purpose system

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2001

In this paper molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to investigate energy and momentum transfer of hydrogen ions impacted on the Ni (100) surface with $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ incident angles. The initial kinetic energies of the hydrogen ion were ranged from 100 eV to 1,600 eV to study the layer-by-layer energy variation as a dependence of incident energies and angles. At low incident energies, the scattering energy transfer is dominated by the normal motion of surface layers due to thermal vibrations and multiple collision effects. For higher incident energies, the scattering energy transfer in a normal direction is greater than that in a parallel direction. In the case of penetration, the amount of transferred energies do not affect much on Ni layers at low incident energy. It was found channeling effects through Ni layers with increasing incident energies.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 2000

Both the X-ray diffraction data of the normal direction in the sample orientation and the pole figure data of three reflections, (111), (200) and (220), were used to do the Rietveld refinement for the copper sheet prepared by a cold rolling process. The agreement between calculated and observed patterns was not satisfactory, which was attributed to the preferred orientation effect of the copper sheet. The Rietveld refinement for the copper sheet could be done successfully by applying the pole density of each reflection obtained from the corresponding inverse pole figure to the X-ray diffraction data of the normal direction. The R-weighted pattern, $R_{wp}$ was 12.99% and the goodness-of-fit indicator, S, was 3.68.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1088-1094
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• 2006

In this paper, an auto path generation and an active compliance grinding control using 3-axis farce sensor are presented. These control algorithms enable the grinding robot to follow unknown path of various workpiece shape pattern. The robot is able to go grinding along unknown paths by position controller managing tangential direction angle and cutting speed, with only information about the start position and the end position. Magnitude and direction of normal force are calculated using force data that go through low pass filter. Moreover, normal and tangential directions are separated for force control and velocity control, respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.505-510
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• 2006

This paper deals with skew and overhang effects of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM). The detent force and thrust characteristics considering skew and overhang effects of permanent magnet are analyzed by 3D finite element method and the results are compared to experimental values. As skew and overhang are applied to permanent magnet, the thrust is almost the same value but the detent force is reduced remarkably. By harmonic analysis, the distortion ratio of thrust is remarkably reduced from 4.29[%] to 2.3[%]. and, the ripple ratio of thrust is decreased from 8.2[%] to 3.56[%] at the same time. But, the lateral force which operate as the perpendicular direction of skew direction is generated. The lateral force and normal force acts by braking force between mover and LM-guide.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1733-1740
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• 2004

In the transverse flux linear induction motor(TFLIM) with the general secondary composed of conductor and back-yoke, there exists a magnetized force into the normal direction or the air-gap direction of the thrust motion as well as the thrust force. Therefore, the various methodologies have been tried to use the normal force by the two independent control variables of the multi-phase input. But, as the force depends inevitably and strongly on the thrust force, it is essential to decouple both forces for two control index. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach capable of compensating the couple between both forces and the control index by using the DC-biased multi-phase input, and then realizing the independent control of TFLIM.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

In this paper, a plane detection method using depth information is proposed. 3-D characteristics of a pixel are defined as a direction and length of a normal vector whose is calculated from a plane consisting of a local region centered on the pixel. Image coordinates of each pixel are transformed to 3-D coordinates in order to obtain the local planes. Regions of each plane are detected by calculating similarity of the 3-D characteristics. The similarity of the characteristics consists of direction and distance similarities of normal vectors. If the similarity of the characteristics between two adjacent pixels is enough high, the two pixels are regarded as consisting of same plane. Simulation results show that the proposed method using the depth picture is more accurate for detecting plane areas than the conventional method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.57-61
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of study was to find out the environmental risk factor that can be easily occurred imbalance muscle activities according to direction for using the ramp during one legged standing. Method : The subjects were 20 normal adults with a mean age of $23.15{\pm}2.14years$ and a Body Mmass Index (BMI) of $22.74{\pm}1.07$. Participants were measured muscle activities on vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus during one legged stance at four conditions ramp (down ramp, up ramp, medial ramp, lateral ramp). The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS(Ver. 23) and p-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant for all cases. Result : In this study, the activity of the lower extremity muscle and the ratio of the vastus medial and lateral muscles according to the direction of use of the ramp were investigated. The changes in the muscle activity of the lower limbs along the direction of the ramp were significantly different between the vastus medial muscle and the peroneus longus muscle. Conclusion : For a short time on a ramp or a pedestrian crossing, a clerk in a ramp can move or stand by placing the lower limbs in various directions, but if performed in consideration of the individual's disease characteristics or unstable foot position, It is thought that there will be an effect to prevent on the ankle and knee unstability.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

This paper presents a method to recognize the plane regions for movement of walking robots. When the autonomous agencies using stereo camera or laser scanning sensor is under unknown 3D environment, the mobile agency has to detect the plane regions to decide the moving direction and perform the given tasks. In this paper, we propose a very fast method for plane detection using normal vector of a triangle by 3 vertices defined on a small circular region. To reduce the effect of noises and outliers, the triangle rotates with respect to the center position of the circular region and generates a series of triangles with different normal vectors based on different three points on the boundary of the circular region. The vectors for several triangles are normalized and then median direction of the normal vectors is used to test the planarity of the circular region. The method is very fast and we prove the performance of algorithm for real range data obtained from a stereo camera system.