• 대기
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

Characteristics of downslope windstorm (DW) has been examined mainly based on 1-min average wind and the other meteorological conditions in the Yeongdong region for 2000~2020. First, a classification procedure for the downslope windstorm is proposed using surface wind speed (greater than 99 percentile), 1-hour longevity of strong wind (SW), westerly wind direction, low humidity (less than 20 percentile), and leeside warming. The number of DW days satisfying the proposed criteria is 221 (2.9% of total days and 47.5% of SW days) while the number of SW days is 465 (6.1% of total days) for 2000~2020. The occurrences of both SW and DW shows distinctive annual variation with its peak in April. In addition, mean wind speed of DW days is 8.2 m s^-1 with its duration of 2 hr 30 min and relative humidity of 28% at Gangneung. An episode (7 May 2021) was selected by applying the proposed criteria to SW days of 2021. The sounding shows that the layer of wind speed greater than 25 m s^-1 was lowered down to 925 hPa at Gangneung (leeside) relative to 850 hPa at Hoengseong (Wonju), in the afternoon along with significant warming and drying. Froude numbers of Wonju and Gangneung for the DW events were increased 4 and 5 times greater than those of normal days, respectively. This kind of DW long-term statistics in the leeside of the mountains is thought to build a foundation of further understanding DW mechanism.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2023

최근 아일랜드 보건당국, 미(美) 송유관 등 전(全) 세계적으로 랜섬웨어 피해가 급증하고 있으며, 사회 모든 분야에 피해를 입히고 있다. 특히, 랜섬웨어 탐지 및 대응에 기존의 탐지방법뿐 아니라 머신러닝 등을 이용한 연구가 늘어 나고 있다. 하지만, 전통적인 머신러닝은 모델이 데이터가 많은 쪽으로 예측하는 경향이 강해 정확한 예측값을 추출하기 어려운 문제점이 있다. 이에 다수(Majority)의 Non-Ransomware(정상코드 또는 멀웨어)와 소수의(Minority) Ransomware로 구성된 불균형(Imbalance) 클래스에서 샘플링 기법을 통해 불균형을 해소하고 랜섬웨어탐지 성능을 향상시키는 기법을 제안하였다. 본 실험에서는 두가지 시나리오(Binary, Multi Classification)을 사용하여 샘플링 기법이 다수 클래스의 탐지 성능을 유지하면서 소수 클래스의 탐지 성능을 개선함을 확인하였다. 특히, 제안된 혼합샘플링 기법(SMOTE+ENN)이 10% 이상의 성능(G-mean, F1-score) 향상을 도출했다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2023

With the rapid growth of the economy and fossil fuel consumption, the concentration of air pollutants has increased significantly and the air pollution problem is no longer limited to small areas. We conduct statistical analysis with the actual data related to air quality that covers the entire of South Korea using R and Python. Some factors such as SO₂, CO, O₃, NO₂, PM₁₀, precipitation, wind speed, wind direction, vapor pressure, local pressure, sea level pressure, temperature, humidity, and others are used as covariates. The main goal of this paper is to predict air quality index (AQI) spatio-temporal data. The observations of spatio-temporal big datasets like AQI data are correlated both spatially and temporally, and computation of the prediction or forecasting with dependence structure is often infeasible. As such, the likelihood function based on the spatio-temporal model may be complicated and some special modelings are useful for statistically reliable predictions. In this paper, we propose several methods for this big spatio-temporal AQI data. First, random effects with spatio-temporal basis functions model, a classical statistical analysis, is proposed. Next, neural networks model, a deep learning method based on artificial neural networks, is applied. Finally, random forest model, a machine learning method that is closer to computational science, will be introduced. Then we compare the forecasting performance of each other in terms of predictive diagnostics. As a result of the analysis, all three methods predicted the normal level of PM_2.5 well, but the performance seems to be poor at the extreme value.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.301-315
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• 2023

Adopting cohesive soil as geocell-pocket infill materials is not fully accepted by researchers in the field of road engineering. The cohesion that may inhibit the lateral limitation of geocells is a common vital idea that exists within every researcher. However, the influence of infill materials' cohesion on geocell-reinforced performance is still not thoroughly determined. The mechanism behind this still needs to be studied in depth. This study initially discussed the relationship between subgrade bearing capacity, geocells' contribution to reinforced performance, and infill materials' cohesion (IMC). A law was proposed that adopting the soil with high cohesion as infill materials benefited the subgrade bearing capacity, but this was attributed to the superior mechanical properties of infill materials rather than geocells' contribution. Moreover, the vertical and lateral deformation of subgrade, coupling shear stress and confining stress of geocells, and deformation of geocells were deeply studied to analyze the mechanism that high cohesion can inhibit the geocells' contribution. The results indicate that the infill materials with high cohesion result in the total displacement of the subgrade toward to deeper depth, not the lateral direction. These responses decrease the vertical coupling shear stress, confining stress, and normal displacement of geocell walls, which weaken the lateral limitation of geocells.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2023

The most comprehensive and particularly reliable method for non-destructively measuring the residual stress of the surface layer of metals is the sin²ψ method. When X-rays were used the relationship of ε_φψ-sin²ψ measured on the surface layer of the processing metal did not show linearity when the sin²ψ method was used. In this case, since the effective penetration depth changes according to the changing direction of the incident X-ray, σ_φ becomes a sin²ψ function. Since σ_φ cannot be used as a constant, the relationship in ε_φψ-sin²ψ cannot be linear. Therefore, in this paper, the orthogonal function method according to Warren's diffraction theory and the basic profile of normal distribution were synthesized, and the X-ray diffraction profile was calculated and reviewed when there was a linear strain (stress) gradient on the surface. When there is a strain gradient, the X-ray diffraction profile becomes asymmetric, and as a result, the peak position, the position of half-maximum, and the centroid position show different values. The difference between the peak position and the centroid position appeared more clearly as the strain (stress) gradient became larger, and the basic profile width was smaller. The weighted average strain enables stress analysis when there is a strain (stress) gradient, based on the strain value corresponding to the centroid position of the diffracted X-rays. At the 1/5 I_max max height of X-ray diffraction, the position where the diffracted X-ray is divided into two by drawing a straight line parallel to the background, corresponds approximately to the centroid position.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2768-2787
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• 2023

As an important research direction of the application of computer science in the medical field, the automatic generation technology of radiology report has attracted wide attention in the academic community. Because the proportion of normal regions in radiology images is much larger than that of abnormal regions, words describing diseases are often masked by other words, resulting in significant feature loss during the calculation process, which affects the quality of generated reports. In addition, the huge difference between visual features and semantic features causes traditional multi-modal fusion method to fail to generate long narrative structures consisting of multiple sentences, which are required for medical reports. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-feature optimization Transformer (MFOT) for generating radiology reports. In detail, a multi-dimensional mapping attention (MDMA) module is designed to encode the visual grid features from different dimensions to reduce the loss of primary features in the encoding process; a feature pre-fusion (FP) module is constructed to enhance the interaction ability between multi-modal features, so as to generate a reasonably structured radiology report; a detail enhanced attention (DEA) module is proposed to enhance the extraction and utilization of key features and reduce the loss of key features. In conclusion, we evaluate the performance of our proposed model against prevailing mainstream models by utilizing widely-recognized radiology report datasets, namely IU X-Ray and MIMIC-CXR. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that our model achieves SOTA performance on both datasets, compared with the base model, the average improvement of six key indicators is 19.9% and 18.0% respectively. These findings substantiate the efficacy of our model in the domain of automated radiology report generation.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2023

A rotordynamic system consists of components that undergo rotational motion. These components include shafts, impellers, thrust collars, and components that support rotation, such as bearings and seals. The motion of this type of rotating system can be modeled as two-dimensional motion and, accordingly, the equation of motion for the rotordynamic system can be represented using complex coordinates. The directional frequency response function (dFRF) can be derived from this complex coordinate system and used as an effective analytical tool for rotating machinery. However, the dFRF is not widely used in the field because most previous studies and commercial software are based on real coordinate systems. The objective of the current study is to introduce the dFRF and show that it can be an effective tool in rotordynamic analysis. In this study, the normal frequency response function (nFRF) and dFRF are compared under rotordynamic analysis for isotropic and unisotropic rotors. Results show that in the nFRF, the magnitude of the response is the same for both positive and negative frequencies, and the response is similar under all modes. Consequently, the severity of the mode cannot be identified. However, in the dFRF, the forward and backward modes are clearly distinguishable in the frequency domain of the isotropic rotor, and the severity of the mode can be identified for the unisotropic rotor.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in kinematic factors according to stretching treatment, myofascial release treatment, and static stretching treatment conditions during squat. Method: Twelve males with resistance training experience participated in this study. Participants performed squats without treatment (Pre-Test), and performed squats after treatment with the myofascial release technique (MRT) and static stretching (SS) on different days (post-test). Squat movements were captured using eight motion capture cameras (sampling rate: 250 Hz), and the peak joint angles of the ankle, knee, hip, and pelvis were calculated for each direction. One-way repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analyses using SPSS 27 (IBM Corp. Armonk NY, USA) were used to compare the peak joint angle of the lower extremity joints and pelvis among the normal condition (squat without treatment), MRT condition (squat after MRT treatment) and SS condition (squat after static stretching). The statistical significance level was set at .05. Results: It was observed that the maximum ankle joint flexion angle during squats was statistically reduced under conditions of myofascial release and static stretching (p<.05), in comparison to the scenario where no stretching was performed. Furthermore, static stretching was found to enhance the maximum hip flexion angle during squat (p<.05), whereas the myofascial release stretching technique resulted in the minimal posterior pelvic tilt angle (p<.05). Conclusion: Employing myofascial release stretching as a preparatory exercise proved to be more efficacious in maintaining body stability throughout the execution of high-intensity squat movements by effectively managing the posterior tilt of the pelvis, as opposed to foregoing stretching or engaging in static stretching.

• 국내 학술지 테스트 저널
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2023

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• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.699-708
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• 2009

최근 들어 국내 광산개발에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 새로운 광상탐사 및 기존 광상의 연장성 확인 등의 목적으로 물리탐사를 적용하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 금속광상 탐사의 경우, 광화대가 주변에 비해 높은 전기전도도를 갖기 때문에 이를 탐지하기 위하여 전기비저항 탐사를 수행하는 것이 일반적이며, 현실 여건상 대부분 2차원 탐사가 수행된다. 그러나 국내 금속광상의 대부분이 맥상으로 분포하고 있으며, 광맥의 폭이 변한다거나 광맥이 단층에 의해 끊어져 있는 등 매우 복잡한 3차원 구조를 띤다. 따라서 3차원 광체구조에 대하여 2차원 탐사 및 2차원 해석을 수행할 경우 왜곡된 해석을 초래할 수 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 이러한 3차원 광체구조에 대한 3차원 전기비저항 탐사의 적용성을 검토하기 위해 주향에 수직한 여러 측선에 대하여 2차원 쌍극자-쌍극자 탐사를 수행하여 얻은 자료와 3차원 단극자-단극자 배열을 이용하여 얻은 자료들을 각각 3차원 역산한 후 이들을 2차원 해석결과와 비교하였다. 3차원 맥상광체로는 맥폭이 변하는 모형과 맥이 단층에 의해 어긋난 모형 등을 가정하였다. 2차원 쌍극자-쌍극자 배열자료에 대해 3차원 역산을 수행하여 얻은 결과를 3차원 단극자-단극자 배열자료와 비교하면 단극자-단극자 탐사자료가 전체적인 구조는 잘 보여주나 배열의 특성상 쌍극자-쌍극자 탐사자료만큼 정확한 결과를 제시하지 못함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 실제 탐사시 주향의 방향에 대한 정보를 알 수 있다면 주향에 수직한 2차원 측선들에 대해 쌍극자-쌍극자 탐사를 수행하고 이를 3차원 해석하는 것이 가장 바람직하다. 그러나 지표면에 광체가 드러나 있는 경우에 대해서는 이미 개발이 완료된 상태이며, 현재 남아있는 광상은 지하 깊은 곳에 매몰되어 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 이러한 경우 주향에 대한 정보를 알기 어려우므로 비록 해상도는 떨어지더라도 3차원 단극자-단극자 탐사를 수행하고 해석하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 보인다.