• Title/Summary/Keyword: Nonpoint Source

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Watershed Water Quality Management Plan Using SWAT and Load Duration Curve (SWAT와 부하지속곡선을 이용한 유역 수질 관리방안)

  • KAL, Byung-Seok;CHO, So-Hyun;PARK, Chun-Dong;MUN, Hyun-Saing;JOO, Yong-Eun;PARK, Jae-Beom
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.41-57
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    • 2021
  • This study evaluated the application of water quality management measures using the SWAT model and the effectiveness of the measures using the load duration curve targeting the Seohwacheon watershed located upstream of Daecheongho. As water quality management measures, artificial wetlands, reduction of neglected livestock, reduction of runoff from greenhouses, restoration of ecological rivers, application of LID technology, and management of point sources were applied. The applied technology evaluated the efficiency of water quality improvement measures by using the target water quality excess rate and the degree of load reduction for each sulfur through the load duration curve. The load duration curve was created by creating a long-term flow duration curve using SWAT and multiplying it by the target water quality. For the target water quality, the value corresponding to the 60th percentile was set as the target water quality using the 10-year data from the Okcheoncheon water quality observation point located in the downstream of Seohwacheon. Through this study, it was possible to confirm the applicability of various water quality measures through the SWAT model, and to examine the applicability of each period according to the sulfur through the load retention curve.

SWAT Direct Runoff and Baseflow Evaluation using Web-based Flow Clustering EI Estimation System (웹기반의 유량 군집화 EI 평가시스템을 이용한 SWAT 직접유출과 기저유출 평가)

  • Jang, Won Seok;Moon, Jong Pil;Kim, Nam Won;Yoo, Dong Sun;Kum, Dong Hyuk;Kim, Ik Jae;Mun, Yuri;Lim, Kyoung Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.61-72
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    • 2011
  • In order to assess hydrologic and nonpoint source pollutant behaviors in a watershed with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the accuracy evaluation of SWAT model should be conducted prior to the application of it to a watershed. When calibrating and validating hydrological components of SWAT model, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (EI) has been widely used. However, the EI value has been known as it is affected sensitively by big numbers among the range of numbers. In this study, a Web-based flow clustering EI estimation system using K-means clustering algorithm was developed and used for SWAT hydrology evaluation. Even though the EI of total streamflow was high, the EI values of hydrologic components (i.e., direct runoff and baseflow) were not high. Also when the EI values of flow group I and II (i.e., low and high value group) clustered from direct runoff and baseflow were computed, respectively, the EI values of them were much lower with negative EI values for some flow group comparison. The SWAT auto-calibration tool estimated values also showed negative EI values for most flow group I and II of direct runoff and baseflow although EI value of total streamflow was high. The result obtained in this study indicates that the SWAT hydrology component should be calibrated until all four positive EI values for each flow group of direct runoff and baseflow are obtained for better accuracy both in direct runoff and baseflow.

A Study on the Installation of a Sewage Separator Pipe inside an Existing Combined Sewer System for CSO Control (기존 합류식 하수관거에 CSO 제어를 위한 하수분리관의 설치에 관한 연구)

  • Guerra, Heidi B.;Kim, Youngchul
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.85-93
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    • 2021
  • Sewage separation which often involves installing a new pipe to separate wastewater flow from stormwater runoff flow can be costly and depends highly on its feasibility in a site. To be able to develop a potentially more economical alternative that can also lessen major road traffic disturbance during this process, a different approach where a smaller sewage separator pipe is installed inside an existing combined sewer pipe was investigated. A small-scale of a box sewer and the proposed sewage separator pipe was constructed in the laboratory to observe and compare the deposition of solids and other solid-associated major pollutants at different flow rates. In addition, three-dimensional flow simulations considering five different scenarios were conducted using Ansys Fluent to observe the effect of the proposed sewage separator pipe to the hydraulic flow if installed inside the combined sewer pipe. Results revealed that the deposition of TSS, TCOD, TN, and TP were reduced by at least 60% when the wastewater was conveyed by the sewage separator pipe instead of the combined sewer pipe. Moreover, the flow simulations conducted showed that there was little to no major disturbance in hydraulic flow and velocity distribution when the sewage separator was installed inside a straight pipe and even at pipe transitions such as intersections, turns, and drop in elevation. Considering the pipe dimensions and the results of the study, the proposed approach can be promising in terms of reduction in pollutant deposition without a major effect on the hydraulic flow. Further investigation and cost-analysis should be done in the future to support these preliminary findings and help alleviate the problems caused by combined sewer overflows by introducing an alternative approach.

A Study on the establishment of an evaluation system for the implementation of National Comprehensive Nonpoint Source Pollution Management Plan (비점오염원 관리 종합대책 이행평가체계 마련 연구)

  • Lee, Hyunji;Kang, Moon Seong;Kim, Jihye;Kim, Seok Hyeon;Kwak, Jihye;Kim, Sinae
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.506-506
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    • 2022
  • 비점오염원에서 배출되는 오염부하량(BOD, T-P)은 점오염원의 2배 이상을 차지하고 있어 비점오염원 관리에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이에 비점오염원의 효율적 관리를 위한 전략 및 추진과제 마련을 위해 제1차('04-'11), 제2차('12-'20) 비점오염원 관리 종합대책(이하 종합대책)이 수립 및 이행되었다. 이어 2016년 물환경보전법 개정에 따라 종합대책의 수립이 법제화되고 지난 2020년 말 제3차 비점종합대책('21~'25)이 수립되었다. 제3차 비점종합대책은 수질개선이 체감되는 비점오염원 관리라는 비전을 가지며 도시, 농·축산, 산림, 관리기반의 4개 분야에 총 71개의 세부 추진과제를 제시하고 있다. T-P 비점오염배출부하량 5% 감축, 불투수율 감축, 비점오염관리지역개소 확대, 고랭지 흙탕물 관리지역 구역 확장, 지역 거버넌스 구축을 대책의 목표와 각 분야별 관리지표로 제시하고 있다. 물환경보전법 제53조의5와 동법 시행령 제75조의3에 따라 환경부장관은 매년 이행사항을 점검 및 평가하여 그 결과를 비점오염원 관리 정책의 수립 및 집행에 반영해야 한다. 지난 제1·2차 대책의 경우 성과 점검 및 관리를 위한 체계가 부재하여 사업의 실효성 확보에 한계가 있었으며 이에 따라 소관별 이행사항 점검 및 평가체계의 필요성이 제기되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 종합대책 이행평가 전략 및 세부 추진체계를 마련하여 효율적인 소관별 이행사항 점검 및 평가를 도모하고자 하였다. 분야별 세부 추진과제는 매년, 대책의 목표와 각 분야별 관리지표는 대책 시행 후 5차년에 점검 및 평가할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 또한 종합대책의 최종 목표 달성 시뮬레이션을 통해 5차년 이후 원활한 평가가 이루어질 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 마련한 이행평가 체계를 통해 적절한 이행평가 및 효율적인 비점오염원 관리를 도모할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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A Study to Evaluate Impervious Area Ratio by Geographic Information Data (지리정보자료에 따른 불투수면적률 산정 결과에 대한 연구)

  • Min Suh Chae;Kyoung Jae Lim;Joong-Hyuk Min;Minji Park;Jichul Ryu;Mijin Lee;Sohyeon Park;Youn Shik Park
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.142-152
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    • 2023
  • Infiltration is a process by which precipitation infuses into subsurface soils. The process determines the surface flow and baseflow volume, and it is one of most important hydrological processes regarding nonpoint source pollution management. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment has developed a guideline to determine the impervious area ratio to understand the hydrological process in administrative districts and watersheds. The impervious area ratio can be determined using land use or land cover maps. Three approaches were explored to determine the impervious area ratio in 25 districts in Seoul. The impervious area ratio was determined by employing the Land registration map and Land property data in the first approach, Land property map in the second approach, and Land cover map in the third approach. The ratio ranged from 38.96% to 83.01% in the first approach, 38.98% to 83.02% in the second approach, and 37.62% to 76.63% in the third approach. Although the ranges did not provide any significant differences in the approaches, some districts displayed differences up to 9.48% by the approach. These differences resulted from the fact that the data were land use or land cover, especially in the area of airport, residential complex area, and school sites. In other words, division of the pervious and impervious areas in an individual plot was not allowed in the Land registration map, while it was allowed in the Land cover map. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a need to revise the guideline so that a reasonable impervious area ratio can be determined in the districts.

Evaluation of Aquatic Ecological Characteristics in Sinpyongcheon Constructed Wetlands for Treating Non-point Source Pollution (비점오염원 저감을 위한 신평천 인공습지의 수생태학적 특성 평가)

  • Seo, Dong-Cheol;Kang, Se-Won;Lim, Byung-Jin;Park, Jong-Hwan;Kim, Kap-Soon;Lee, Jun-Bae;Kim, Hyun-Ook;Heo, Jong-Soo;Chang, Nam-Ik;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Cho, Ju-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.400-407
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    • 2011
  • To evaluate the aquatic ecological characteristics in Sinpyongcheon constructed wetlands for treating nonpoint source pollution, the removal rates of nutrients in water, the total amounts of T-N and T-P uptakes by water plants, and chemical characteristics of T-N and T-P in sediment were investigated. The concentrations of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 0.07~1.47, 0.60~2.65, 0.50~4.60, 1.38~6.26 and $0.08{\sim}0.32mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 14%, 6%, 18%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. The maximum amount of T-N uptake by water plants in August was $813mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $1,172mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. The maximum amount of T-P uptake by water plants in August was $247mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Phragmites communis TRIV in $2^{nd}$ bed, $359mg\;plant^{-1}$ for Typha orientalis PRESL in $3^{rd}$ bed, respectively. Organic matter, T-N, and T-P contents in sediments were high in the order of $1^{st}$ bed > $2^{nd}$ bed > $3^{rd}$ bed. Microbial biomass C/N/P ratios in sediments in $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ were 78~110/3~6/1, 73~204/1~6/1, and 106~169/1~6/1, respectively.

Understanding Spatial Variations of Water Quality Using Agricultural Nutrient Indices in Chonnam Province (전남 지역 농업분야 양분 지표를 이용한 수질 공간 변이 해석)

  • Jeon, Byeong-Jun;Lim, Sang-Sun;Lee, Kwang-Seung;Lee, Se-In;Ham, Jong-Hyun;Yoo, Sun-Ho;Yoon, Kwang-Sik;Choi, Woo-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND: Water quality of rural areas are susceptible to agricultural nutrient input and supply such as chemical fertilizer and livestock manure. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of nutrient (N and P) indices in understanding spatial variations of water quality across Chonnam province which is a typical agricultural region in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nutrient indices including chemical fertilizer supply, livestock manure production, and nutrient balance were correlated with water quality data (T-N, T-P, BOD, and COD) for the twenty-two districts of the province. Concentration of T-N were positively correlated with chemical fertilizer supply, livestock manure N production, and nutrient balance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile, T-P concentration was not correlated with these nutrient indices; however, there was a tendency that T-P concentration increases with livestock manure P production (P=0.06) and with nutrient balance (P=0.09). These results suggest that T-N concentration is susceptible to both chemical fertilizer and livestock manure; whereas T-P is likely to be affected by livestock manure rather than chemical fertilizer. The concentrations of BOD and COD were also positively (P<0.05 or P<0.01) correlated with livestock manure production. CONCLUSION: This study shows the usefulness of nutrient indices in understanding spatial variations of water quality and suggests that livestock manure rather than chemical fertilizer can be a more critical water pollution source and thus highlights the need for more attention to livestock manure treatments for rural water quality management.

Evaluation of Water Quality Impacts of Forest Fragmentation at Doam-Dam Watershed using GIS-based Modeling System (GIS 기반의 모형을 이용한 도암댐 유역의 산림 파편화에 따른 수(水)환경 영향 평가)

  • Heo, Sung-Gu;Kim, Ki-Sung;Ahn, Jae-Hun;Yoon, Jong-Suk;Lim, Kyoungjae;Choi, Joongdae;Shin, Yong-Chul;Lyou, Chang-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.81-94
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    • 2006
  • The water quality impacts of forest fragmentation at the Doam-dam watershed were evaluated in this study. For this ends, the watershed scale model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was utilized. To exclude the effects of different magnitude and patterns in weather, the same weather data of 1985 was used because of significant differences in precipitation in year 1985 and 2000. The water quality impacts of forest fragmentation were analyzed temporarily and spatially because of its nature. The flow rates for Winter and Spring has increased with forest fragmentations by $8,366m^3/month$ and $72,763m^3/month$ in the S1 subwatershed, experiencing the most forest fragmentation within the Doam-dam watershed. For Summer and Fall, the flow rate has increased by $149,901m^3/month$ and $107,109m^3/month$, respectively. It is believed that increased flow rates contributed significant amounts of soil erosion and diffused nonpoint source pollutants into the receiving water bodies. With the forest fragmentation in the S1 watershed, the average sediment concentration values for Winter and Spring increased by 5.448mg/L and 13.354mg/L, respectively. It is believed that the agricultural area, which were forest before the forest fragmentation, are responsible for increased soil erosion and sediment yield during the spring thaw and snow melts. For Spring and Fall, the sediment concentration values increased by 20.680mg/L and 24.680mg/L, respectively. Compared with Winter and Spring, the increased precipitation during Summer and Fall contributed more soil erosion and increased sediment concentration value in the stream. Based on the results obtained from the analysis performed in this study, the stream flow and sediment concentration values has increased with forest fragmentation within the S1 subwatershed. These increased flow and soil erosion could contribute the eutrophication in the receiving water bodies. This results show that natural functionalities of the forest, such as flood control, soil erosion protection, and water quality improvement, can be easily lost with on-going forest fragmentation within the watershed. Thus, the minimize the negative impacts of forest fragmentation, comprehensive land use planning at watershed scale needs to be developed and implemented based on the results obtained in this research.

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Comparative Analysis of Long-term Water Quality Data Monitored in Andong and Imha Reservoirs (안동호와 임하호에서 관측한 장기 수질자료의 비교 분석)

  • Park, Sun-Jae;Choi, Seong-Mo;Park, Jong-Seok;An, Kwang-Guk
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.39 no.1 s.115
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 2006
  • The objectives of this study were to analyze trends of temporal water quality and trophic state in Andong and Imha reservoirs using chemical dataset during 1993 ${\sim}$ 2004, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. According to long-term limnological analyses, Suspended solids (SS) in Imha Reservoir were 2 ${\sim}$ 8 fold2 greater, than those in SS of Andong Reservoir, and the high solids increased total phosphorus (TP) and biological oxygen demand ($BOD_5$) and decreased the transparency, measured as Secchi depth (SD). Chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) increased little or decreased slightly in the both reservoirs during the high solids, resulting in reduced yields of CHL-a : TP ratios. The deviation analysis of Trophic State Index (TSI) in Imha Reservoir showed that about 70% of TSI (CHL-a)-TSI (SD) and TSI (CHL-a)-TSI(TP) values were less than zero and the lowest values were-60, indicating that influence of inorganic solids (or non-volatile solids) on phytoplankton growth was evident in Imha Reservoir and the impact was greater than that of Andong Reservoir. Inorganic solids in Imha Reservoir resulted in light limitation on phytoplankton growth and thus contributed variations in the relations among three parameters of trophic state index. Especially, seasonal data analysis of nutrients in both reservoirs showed that during the postmonsoon, mean TP concentration was Imha Reservoir greater in than that in Andong Reservoir. The higher TP concentrantion was mainly attributed to increases of inorganic solids from soil erosions and nonpoint source inputs within the watershed. The high inorganic turbidity in Imha Reservoir should be reduced for the conservation of water quality for, especially a tap water supply.

Study on the Characteristics and Non-point Source Pollution Loads in Stormwater Runoff of Shihwa Lake (시화호 유역 비점오염물질의 유출특성 및 부하량 연구)

  • Ra, Kong-Tae;Kim, Kyung-Tae;Kim, Joung-Keun;Bang, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Jung-Moo;Kim, Sung-Keun;Kim, Eun-Soo;Yun, Min-Sang;Cho, Sung-Rok
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.40-50
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    • 2011
  • We study the characteristic and total flux of non-point pollutants such as total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved nutrients, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in the storm water runoff from urban streams and sewer outlets of Banweol Industrial Complex around Shihwa Lake. The concentrations of non-point pollutants were generally increased with increasing of the duration and intensity of rainfall. Mean TSS concentration of Ansan stream was higher than that of sewer outlets but mean concentrations of COD, TP and TN were approximately 2~5 times higher of sewer outlet than of urban stream. TSS showed statistically positive relationships with COD and TP but it had negative correlation with dissolved nutrients. There was a significant correlation between total flux of non-point pollutants in the storm water runoff and total basin area of each sewer outlet, showing that the highest runoff flux was observed at 3rd sewer outlet which represents the largest basin area from Banweol industrial complex. Total runoff fluxes for TSS, COD, TP and TN in this study were 187,536 kg, 17,118 kg, 922 kg, 13,519 kg, respectively. Given the basin area of sewer outlet in Banweol industrial complex which corresponds only 3% from total catchment area around Shihwa Lake, enormous amount of non-point pollutants will be entered into Shihwa Lake without any treatment. It is necessary to manage and reduce of various non-point sources and pollutants because the runoff of nonpoint pollutants during storm events should be deteriorating the water quality of Shihwa Lake. Our results provides useful informations on the development of best managements practices (BMPs) for effective implementation of total pollution loads management system of Shihwa Lake.