• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2002

This paper presents the full wave analysis of microwave circuits with nonlinear device using the finite difference time domain method. The equivalent current source is used to model nonlinear device and all the electric field components at the nonlinear device are updated by FDTD algorithm. The currents and voltages of nonlinear device are calculated by the state equations and iteration method. To validate the proposed method, the S-parameters of NEC NE72089 MESFET in various conditions are analyzed and the results are compared with those of the ADS. The proposed method is applied to the analysis of a microwave amplifier, which includes NEC NE72089 MESFET. The analysis results obtained by the present method show good agreement with those of the ADS.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2007

A mathematical model for the input-output characteristic of an amplifier exhibiting gain expansion and weak and strong nonlinearities is presented. The model, basically a Fourier-series function, can yield closed-form series expressions for the amplitudes of the output components resulting from multisinusoidal input signals to the amplifier. The special case of an equal-amplitude two-tone input signal is considered in detail. The results show that unless the input signal can drive the amplifier into its nonlinear region, no gain expansion or minimum intermodulation performance can be achieved. For sufficiently large input amplitudes that can drive the amplifier into its nonlinear region, gain expansion and minimum intermodulation performance can be achieved. The input amplitudes at which these phenomena are observed are strongly dependent on the amplifier characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.249-258
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• 1998

In land mobile communication, very extensive studies on pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) have been made on fading compensation. This paper analyzes the effect of power amplifier nonlinearity on PSA-QAM with maximal ratio combining space diversity. In practical PSAM, information on fading is obtained through interpolation of the pilot symbols. We employed the interpolation filter which could minimize the average power of error and analyzed effects on the system performance of the number of filter taps, period of the pilot symbol frame, and the Doppler frequency. Nonlinear power amplifiers of class AB, B, and C were incorporated in the system models and their AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics were taken into account in the performance analysis. We showed the performance variations according to the types of the nonlinear power amplifiers in the AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels using nonlinear compensation technique, Cartesian Feedback Loop (CFB).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1518-1526
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• 1993

It has been known that the amplifiers for high power signal in satellite communication channels suffer from nonlinear distortions, which reduce the performance of the communication channel significantly. In order to compensate the nonlinear distortion, a new data predistortion method with the LMS algorithm is proposed in this paper, Whereas the previous approach handles this problem by assigning corresponding predistorter to each symbol for the case of 16-QAM, the proposed approach uses the same memory for the symbols, which have identical amplitudes, and predistors the input of high-power amplifiers by the amplitude and phase differences, resulting in better adaptive data predistorter with small number of digital memory (3 predistorters) and fast convergence rate. Superiority of the proposed approach in the paper is demonstrated by comparing it with the previous approach.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.122-127
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• 2003

In this paper, an adaptive predistortion scheme is proposed to compensate nonlinear distortions caused by high power amplifiers (HPA) in OFDM systems. A complex Wiener-Hammerstein model (WHM) is used to describe input-output relationship of HPA with linear dynamics. The predistorter is directly identified by complex power series model with memory, which is an approximate inverse of the HPA expressed by the WHM. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive compensation scheme is validated by numerical simulation for 64QAM-OFDM systems.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.146-155
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• 2001

This paper describes the improvement in performance of power amplifiers by Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for several operating classes. Due to its excellent capability of harmonic rejection, DGS plays a threat role in improving the main performance of power amplifiers such as output power, power added efficiency, harmonic rejection, and intermodulation distortion (IMD3). In order to verify the improvement in performance of power amplifiers by DGS, measured data for a 30 Watts power amplifier with and without DGS attached under several operating classes are illustrated and compared. The principle of the performance improvement is described with simple Volterra nonlinear transfer functions. Also, the measured performance far two cases, i.e. with and without DGS, and the quantities of improvement fur the various operating classes are compared and discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.11C
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a CCP (Companding Combined with Predistorter) scheme that maintains BER (Bit Error Rate) performance of systems, while effectively reducing PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signals, independent of nonlinear property of HPAs (High Power Amplifiers). The proposed CCP scheme combines the conventional companding scheme proposed by the authors with the predistorter, in order to prevent degradation of BER performance caused by signal distortion from nonlinear property of the HPA and the compression property of the companding scheme. Hence, the proposed scheme effectively reduces the PAPR and simultaneously maintains the BER performance, independent of nonlinear property of the HPA. Simulation results showed that the proposed CCP scheme provides the lowest total degradation for all the modulations, when comparing with the companding scheme proposed by Wang and the clipping scheme.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.565-567
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• 2004

In active noise control (ANC) systems, the convergence behavior of the conventional Filtered-X Least Mean Square (FXLMS) algorithm may be affected by nonlinear distortions in the secondary path (e.g., in the power amplifiers, loudspeakers, transducers, etc.), which may lead to degradation of the error-reduction performance of the ANC systems. In this paper, a stable FXLMS algorithm with fast convergence is proposed to compensate for undesirable nonlinear distortions in the secondary-path of ANC systems by employing the Volterra filtering approach. In particular, the proposed approach is based on the utilization of the conventional P-th order inverse approach to nonlinearity compensation in the secondary path of ANC systems. Finally, the simulation results showed that the proposed approach yields a better convergence behavior In the nonlinear ANC systems than the conventional FXLMS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.118-121
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• 2003

A new approach, using MEMS, for improving the performance of high efficiency amplifiers is proposed in this paper. The MEMS tuning element is described as a variable-length shorted CPW stub. Class-E amplifiers can be optimally tuned by these MEMS tuning elements because their operation varies with the impedance of the output tuning circuit. A MEMS tuning element was simulated using full-wave EM simulators to obtain its S-parameters. A Class-E amplifier with the MEMS was designed at 8GHz. The non-linear operation of this amplifier was simulated to explore the effect of the MEMS tuning. Comparing the initially designed amplifier without MEMS, the Power Added Efficiency (PAE) of the amplifier with MEMS is improved from 46.3% to 66.9%. For the amplifier with MEMS, the nonlinear simulation results are PAE = 66.90%, $\eta$(drain efficiency) = 75.89%, and $P_{out}$ = 23.37 dBm at 8 GHz. In this paper, the concept of the MEMS tuning element is successfully applied to the Class E amplifier designed with transmission lines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.7
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• pp.16-25
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• 1994

The major reason that reduces the performance of satellite communication channels is known as the nonlinearities of high power amplifiers(HPA's) which are usually modeled by memoryless nonlinear systems, in the channels. This paper proposes a nonlinear adaptive predistorter,which predistorts the input symbols such that the symbol passing through the nonlinear HPA preserves the desired constellation, and derives the region of convergence for the predistorter. The predistorter has capability of coping adaptively with any time-varying environment such as changes of operating points if HPA since the coefficients of the predistorter which has a form of truncated Tayler series are obtained by recursive optimization procedure utilizing QAM data sequence directely. Simulation results show that the proposed one with 16 QAM input has better performance than the conventional fixed predistorter with the same input.