• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the stock markets of sixteen countries. Pooled OLS regression, conventional t-test and Mann-Whitney test are used to estimate the results of the study. We construct a weekly panel data of COVID-19 new cases and stock returns. Pooled OLS estimation result shows that the growth rate of weekly new cases of COVID-19 negatively predicts the return in stock market. Next, the returns on leading stock indices of these countries during the COVID-19 outbreak period are compared with returns during the non-COVID period. We use a t-test and Mann-Whitney test to compare the returns. The results reveal that investors in these countries do not react to the media news of COVID-19 at the early stage of the pandemic. However, once the human-to-human transmissibility had been confirmed, all of the stock market indices negatively reacted to the news in the short- and long-event window. Interestingly, we noticed that the Shanghai Composite Index, which was severely affected during the short-event window, bounced back during the long-event window. This indicates that the Chinese government's drastic measures to contain the spread of the pandemic regained the confidence of investors in the Shanghai Stock Market.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2015

This study has been carried out to provide the basic data obtained from the evaluation of the variation of water quality around the Chudong intake tower in Daechung resevoir, which may be able to help the establishment of a pure water supply policy. Five sites around the Chudong intake tower were selected, and the average data for recent ten years(from year 2004 to year 2013) were analysed. The average water quality around Chudong intake tower are as followed; pH 7.5, DO 8.7 mg/L, BOD 1.0 mg/L, COD 3.0 mg/L, SS 3.0 mg/L, TN 1.495 mg/L, TP 0.017 mg/L, and Chlorophyll-a 6.5 mg/m³ were matched the good class by comparing with the living environment standard of reservoir. COD values of higher than 3.0 mg/L after July were likely due to non-point pollutants and algae outbreak during rainy summer season. Total phosphorus rose sharply in the summer season, and then algae watch was issued consistently for average 40 days. Total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio was average 90, and it is important to control the inflow phosphrous from small stream for proper management to block an algae growth according to eutrophication. It was recommended to operate the algae removing boats around intake tower from July to October, and was required advanced water treatment processes to remove NBD COD and bad odor and taste due to algae growth.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most infectious diseases affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus with multiple subtypes within each serotype have been identified until now. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the outbreak of the serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia and North Korea since 2005 is mostly classified into genetic group V. Though it has been recommended that Asia1 Shamir strain can be used as a high priority vaccine by World References Laboratory for FMD, the complete nucleotide sequences of the strain has not yet been determined. In this study, to be prepared for Asia1 type viruses that may be brought into Korea, the complete genome sequence of this vaccine strain Asia1 Shamir including its 5' and 3' non-coding region was identified.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.395-400
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• 1991

식육 및 야생쥐의 장으로부터 식품매개성 질병에 관여하는 Enterobacter를 분리하여 그 특징을 구명하므로 공중위생 및 식품위생학적으로 기초자료를 제시하고저 본 연구를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. Enterobacter는 우육에서 1주(E. aerogenes), 돈육에서 2주(E. aerogenes, E. intermedium), 야생쥐의 소장에서 2주(E. aerogenes, E. cloacae)가 동정되어 총 분리된 89균주에 대한 분리율은 5.62%이었다. 분리된 Enterobacter를 각종 화학기질이 첨가된 배지에서 $55^{\circ}C$, 35분간 열처리한 결과, 전반적으로 0.1M glycine, 5% mannitol 그리고 5% sorbitol이 첨가된 배지에서는 열저항성이 강하였고 1% sodium citrate, 1% casein, 10% NaCl 그리고 0.1M cystein이 첨가된 배지에서는 열저항성이 약하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2021

코로나(COVID-19) 폭발로 인해 비접촉 서비스의 특징과 장점이 갈수록 두드러졌고 스마트호텔의 발전이 가속화되었다. 본 연구는 서로 다른 접촉점에서고객 체험 과정에 발생하는 스마트 서비스 체험을 식별, 분류 및 정의하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 기존 연구와 문헌을 바탕으로 스마트 호텔의 개념과 특징에 대해 연구 토론해 보았다. 스마트 호텔의 스마트 체험 인자와 고객 접촉점을 활용하여 분석 프레임 워크를 디자인하였다. 이로써 중국에서 선별된 스마트 호텔에 대해 현장 조사 및 분석을 수행한다. 사례 분석 결과를 보면 스마트 호텔의 고객 체험 디자인이 교호성, 개별화, 접근 가능성, 정보성, 프라이버시 안전성에 어느 정도 발전하고 있다는 것을 알 수가 있다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 본 논문에서는 미래의 스마트 호텔 CX 디자인이 개인화된 서비스 관련 체험을 개발하기 위해 데이터를 통합하는 방향으로 발전하는것을 제안한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, global fashion brands have been hosting online fashion shows instead of offline ones. In light of the current pandemic scenario, this research conducted a study on digital fashion shows held online, specifically focusing on two types of shows: fashion films and games. This study examined the characteristics of changes in digital fashion shows as well as their limitations. The case studies analyzed fashion shows from January 2020 to July 2021, with a focus on the 2021 S/S and 2021 F/W seasons, and 26 fashion shows from 23 brands. The results of this study were as follows: First, digital fashion shows transcended physical limitations through virtualization and non-face-to-face communication, breaking free of the limits of space and time in reality. Second, the entertainment role of fashion shows was strengthened. However, online fashion shows had limitations as they lacked a sense of reality and distracted viewers' attention from fashion products. This study has practical implications as it proposes a path for the development of digitalized fashion shows by addressing its current limitations. Overcoming these shortcomings, post-pandemic fashion shows would be more diverse, flexible, and creative. Consequently, following the pandemic period, we look forward to new types of fashion shows using digital imaging technologies.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

This study was conducted to supplement new-normal strategies on management plans of rural groundwater resources in the era of Post COVID-19. Global outbreak of COVID-19 has damaged across all areas including public policy, economics, industrial services, and others without exception, which has resulted in establishing new-normal strategies in order to restore balance and functions as for these areas. The new-normal ones were represented as enhancing preventative management on infectious diseases, expanding non face-to-face services, enhancing protective trades and food securities, and preparing growth policies on public services using the 4^th industrial revolution techniques. In this study, G-WASH_AD (Groundwater supply, sanitation, and hygiene with attraction and digitization) was suggested to be new-normal strategies on rural groundwater resources. The G-WASH_AD was consisted of three detailed action plans: a preventative plan on waterborne-diseases of groundwater (PP), a groundwater-tourism plan with rural heritage (GP), and an application plan of the 4^th industrial revolution techniques to groundwater facilities and its data (P4). The PP can contribute to protect human health from waterborne-diseases and minimize hazardous effects on crop cultivation. The GP accompanied with high-quality groundwater resources is able to strengthen rural tourism, to promote marketing activities on local agricultural products, and to increase household incomes of rural communities. The P4 can reinforce fast, comfortable, and scientific management on groundwater facilities and its data, creating a virtuous cycle between innovative management on groundwater and growth of technology related to it. Results of the G-WASH_AD strategies can encourage a green growth engine in field of rural groundwater management keeping up with Post COVID-19.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2023

Porcine epidemic diarrhea is an infectious intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Especially, when suckling piglets are infected, the mortality rate is close to 100%. PEDV is classified into G1 and G2 types based on genetic differences. The G2 type PEDV outbreak in the United States in 2013 was highly pathogenic and contagious, and it has spread worldwide and caused continuous economic losses. Most commercial vaccines used are G1 type vaccines, and existing vaccines do not fully protect piglets due to genetic differences. In this study, we evaluated the safety of the newly developed G2 type attenuated HSGP vaccine strain by inoculating it into piglets and testing whether the vaccine virus spreads to the non-vaccinated, negative pigs and whether the vaccine reverts to its virulence during serial passage experiments. Each experiment lasted for 7 days for each passage, and fecal viral titers, clinical symptoms, and weight gain were measured daily. After the experiment, necropsy was performed to measure intestinal virus titer and pathological evaluation. As a result of the first passage, no transmission of the vaccine virus to negative pigs co-housed with vaccinated pigs was observed. In addition, after four consecutive passage experiments, the clinical symptoms and small intestine lesions were gradually alleviated, and no virus was detected in the feces in the fourth passage experiment. Therefore, it was concluded that the vaccine was safe without virulence reversion in accordance with the guidelines of the current licensing authority. However, further studies are needed on the genetic changes and biological characteristics of the mutant virus that occur during successive passages of the attenuated vaccine since the replication and clinical symptoms of the virus increased until the third passage during successive passages of the vaccine virus. Based on this study, it was concluded that virulence reversion and safety evaluation of attenuated vaccines through serial passage in target animals can be useful to evaluate the safety of attenuated viruses.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.730-741
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• 2024

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2012

Background: Limited data on the incidence and clinical characteristics of adult pertussis infections are available in Korea. Methods: Thirty-one hospitals and the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of pertussis infections among adults with a bothersome cough in non-outbreak, ordinary outpatient settings. Nasopharyngeal aspirates or nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture tests. Results: The study enrolled 934 patients between September 2009 and April 2011. Five patients were diagnosed as confirmed cases, satisfying both clinical and laboratory criteria (five positive PCR and one concurrent positive culture). Among 607 patients with cough duration of at least 2 weeks, 504 satisfied the clinical criteria of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (i.e., probable case). The clinical pertussis cases (i.e., both probable and confirmed cases) had a wide age distribution ($45.7{\pm}15.5$ years) and cough duration (median, 30 days; interquartile range, 18.0~50.0 days). In addition, sputum, rhinorrhea, and myalgia were less common and dyspnea was more common in the clinical cases, compared to the others (p=0.037, p=0.006, p=0.005, and p=0.030, respectively). Conclusion: The positive rate of pertussis infection may be low in non-outbreak, ordinary clinical settings if a PCR-based method is used. However, further prospective, well-designed, multicenter studies are needed.