• 기술사
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2011

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagions disease of cloven-hoofed animals and occurs in many non-European countries, in particular in huge parts of Asia including Turkey, in most countries of Africa and in parts of South America. The extreme contagiousness of the disease requires comprehensive to control an outbreak, causing high economic losses. The outbreak of FMD, which affects livestock including cattle, swine,sheep,goats,deer and other animals as a highly communicable disease that affects. The agency issued a statement noting that FMD disease does not spread to humans. The disease and meat from infected animals are news reports that more than 3.400.000 livestock have been ordered slaughtered so far across the country.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2020

As the COVID-19 outbreak has prolonged, social distancing movements are encouraged and non-face-to-face lifestyle trends are spreading. As a result, it is necessary for general restaurants and small marts to provide delivery services like large-scale distribution companies. Large distribution companies have also suffered significant economic losses from COVID-19 because epidemiological investigations were conducted after the distribution center was closed due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in several large domestic distribution companies. In this thesis, in order to examine whether COVID-19 actually affects distribution companies, we attempt to understand the relationship between the number of confirmed cases per month and the sales share and growth rate by categories of distribution companies.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조는 매년 여름철에 남해안을 중심으로 발생하였으나, 2009년에는 적조가 전혀 발생되지 않았다. 본 연구는 남해안 여수부터 완도해역을 대상으로 조사정점 13개를 정하여 2007년부터 2009년까지 여름철 수질환경 및 식물플랑크톤 군집 동태를 적조가 발생된 연도(2007년과 2009년)와 적조가 발생되지 않은 연도(2009)년) 자료를 상호 비교하였다. 2009년 6월부터 남해안 집중강우로 인하여 7월의 평균수온이 $20^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저수온과 8월에 염분이 31psu 이하의 저염분, pH가 8월에 8.4 정도를 보여 적조발생 년도에 비하여 해양환경의 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 또한 DIN 농도는 적조발생 년도에 비하여 약 2배 이상 높은 값을 보였고, N:P 및 Si:N 비율에서도 적조가 발생된 년도에 비하여 Redfield ratio가 16 이상을 나타내어 완전히 정반대의 양상을 보였다. 조사기간 동안의 대부분의 우점종으로는Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatusm, Thalassiosira spp.와 같은 규조류가 대부분 출현되었고, 와편모조류로는 Ceratium spp. 등으로 나타났다. 특히 2009년 8월경에는 C. polykrikoides 대신에 Gonyaulax polygramma 종으로 적조를 형성하기도 하였다. 따라서 2009년 6월부터 집중강우 및 일조량 부족으로 인한 C. polykrikoides 대수증식기 시점에 수온, 염분 등과 같은 해양환경의 급격한 변화로 인하여 적조형성이 지연됨과 아울러 G. polygramma와 Chaetoceros 등과 같은 규조류의 세력에 밀려 2009년에는 C. polykrikoides 적조가 발생하지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2000

An outbreak of vivax malaria has been occurring in northern part of Kyonggi-do and north-western part of Kangwon-do, where are located near the demilitarized Zone, since 1993. For understanding of epidemiological features of malaria, the probability of daily survival of Anopheles sinensis, the vector species of malaria was compared in malarious and non-malarious areas in July-August, 2000. Total 915 females collected at three locations in malarious areas were dissected for ovaries, and 64.6% of the parous rate was found. Total 758 females collected at three locations in non-malarious areas were dissected, and 57.8% of the parous rate was observed. It was estimated from the parous rates that the probability of daily survival of An. sinensis females was 0.864 in malarious areas and 0.850 in non-malarious areas, which was not significantly different.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.258-269
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• 2018

2018년 6월 12일 충청북도 옥천군 소재 A고등학교에서 노로바이러스의 유행을 지연신고하는 사례가 발생하였고, 이에 대한 원인과 전파양식 등을 규명하고 예방 및 관리대책을 마련 하기 위하여 역학조사를 수행하였다. A고등학교 학생 183명을 대상으로 설문조사, 환례자 60명, 조리종사자 10명을 대상으로 세균 10종 및 바이러스 5종에 대한 검체검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 최초환자 발생일 6월 5일을 기준으로 3일 전인 6월 2일부터 12일까지의 식단을 이용하여 환자-대조군 조사를 시행하였다. 학생, 교직원, 조리종사자 785명 중 환례는 61명으로 노로바이러스의 발병률은 7.8% 이었다. 위험요인 분석에서 정수기 음용수가 유의한 변수이었다. 검체검사에서 학생 2명, 정수기 음용수, 환경검체에서 동일 유형의Norovirus GI-8이 검출되었다. 이번 유행의 원인으로 본관, 기숙사, 급식실 정수기 음용수가 오염되고 그로 인해 원인병원체 노로바이러스의 전파가 이루어졌다고 판단하였다. 이번 연구는 6월 5일 첫 환례자가 발생했음에도 신고가 7일이 경과한 6월 12일 지연신고 되어 장관감염증 확산 조기차단이 이루어지지 않아 환례자가 더 많이 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 향후 학교급식 시 발생하는 수인성 및 식품매개성질병으로부터 학생을 보호하고 집단발생을 예방하기 위하여 학생의 증상을 가장 우선적으로 파악이 가능한 담임선생님과 보건교사의 공조체제 개선, 보건교사 부재 시 대응방안, 보건교사의 학교 감염병 집단발생에 대한 인식제고를 위한 시스템 보완이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 질병관리본부의 기본 역학조사서 서식에 지연신고에 대한 사유를 기록하는 항목을 추가하여 지연신고에 대한 원인에 대한 규명과 그에 따른 대책을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

Objects: In July 2 2010, a diarrhea outbreak occurred among the workers in a company in Gyeungju city, Korea. An epidemiological investigation was performed to clarify the cause and transmission route of the outbreak. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey among 193 persons, and we examined 21 rectal swabs and 6 environmental specimens. We also delegated the Daegu Bukgu public health center to examine 3 food service employees and 5 environmental specimens from the P buffet which served a buffet on June 30. The patient case was defined as a worker of L Corporation and who participated in the company meal service and who had diarrhea more than one time. We also collected the underground water filter of the company on July 23. Results: The attack rate of diarrhea among the employees was 20.3%. The epidemic curve showed that a single exposure peaked on July 1. The relative risk of attendance and non-attendance by date was highest for the lunch of June 30 (35.62; 95% CI, 2.25 to 574.79). There was no specific food that was statistically regarded as the source of the outbreak. $Bacillus$ $cereus$ was cultured from two of the rectal swabs, two of the preserved foods and the underground water filter. We thought the exposure date was lunch of June 30 according the latency period of $B.$ $cereus$. Conclusions: We concluded the route of transmission was infection of dishes, spoons and chopsticks in the lunch buffet of June 30 by the underground water. At the lunch buffet, 50 dishes, 40 spoons, and chopsticks were served as cleaned and wiped with a dishcloth. We thought the underground water contaminated the dishes, spoons, chopsticks and the dishcloth. Those contaminated materials became the cause of this outbreak.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1987

The genus Vibrio contains some of the most important intestinal pathogens of humans, including Vibrio cholerae, the cause of epidemic Asiatic cholera. A group of organisms which have been reffered to as the non-agglutinating vibrio (NAG) do not agglutinate in the Vibrio cholerae 0 group 1 antisera, but are indistinguishable from the 0-1 group both chemically and genetically. Non-O-l Vibrio cholerae can cause isolated as well as focal outbreaks of diarrhea, but the volume of fluid loss does not approach that of classic cholera, and the disease is usually self-limiting. These free-living organisms are found world-widely distributed in the environment including sewage, contaminated water, estuaries, seafood and animals. These strains involved in several cases were isolated from the environment and some patients of diarrhea, and a few epidemiologic reports indicated the wide distribution of the strains throughout the country, giving an attention to the role the organisms may play in an outbreak of diarrhea in Korea. More research on the epidemiology, serologic typing and virulence of the group of organisms, should be, therefore, done to obtain a complete understanding of their role in human disease.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

Coastal circulations during the (surface condition of an) idealized cold-air outbreak are numerically investigated with two-dimensional, non-hydrostatic model in which a constant bottom-slope exists. The atmospheric forcing during a cold-air outbreak is incorporated as the surface cooling and the wind stress. When the offshore angle of the wind-stress vector, defined as the angle measured from the alongshore axis, is smaller than 45 degrees, a strong downwelling circulation develops near the coast. A sharp density front, which separates the vertically homogeneous region from the offshore stratified region, is formed near the coast and propagates offshore with time. Onshore side of the density front, small-scale circulation cells which are aligned in the direction perpendicular to the bottom begin to develop as the near-coast homogeneous region broadens. The surface cooling enhances greatly the development of the surface mixed layer by convective motions due to hydrostatic instability. The convective motions reach far below the hydrostatically unstable layer which is attached to the surface. The small-scale circulation cells are appreciably modified by the convetion cell and the density front develops far offshore compared to the case of no surface cooling. As to the effect of the bottom slope, the offshore distance of the density front increases (decreases) as the bottom slope decreases (increases), which results from the fact that the onshore volume-transport (Ekman transport) of the low-density upper seawater remains almost constant when the wind-stress is maintained constant. It is shown that the bottom slope is an essential factor for the formation of both the density front and the alongshore current when the surface cooling is the only forcing.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.352-361
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• 2013

본 연구는 거시경제 및 비 거시경제변수가 항공운송업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 경영자에게 유용한 정보를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 1991년부터 2011년까지의 거시경제지표인 회사 채수익률, 유가, 실업률, 통화량, 무역수지, 원/달러 환율, 소비자물가지수, 산업생산성지수와 경영성과 지표인 총자산순이익률을 사용하여 선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 환율 변동은 정의 유의적인 영향을, 소비자물가지수 증가율은 부의 유의적인 영향을 총자산순이익률 변동에 미친 것으로 나타났다. 또한 거시경제변수의 위험성을 통제하는 비 거시경제변수의 영향력을 파악하기 위해 비 거시경제변수로 대만 대지진, 아시아 경제 위기, 미국 911테러, 이라크 전쟁, 베이징 올림픽, 신종 플루 발병, 대통령 선거(1차), 대통령 선거(2차)을 축출하여 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 환율 변동과 소비자물가지수 증가율을 함께 사용하여 선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 아시아 경제 위기와 신종 플루 발병은 총자산순이익률 변동에 부의 유의적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에 대만 대지진, 미국 911테러, 이라크 전쟁, 베이징 올림픽, 1,2 차 대통령 선거는 총자산순이익률 변동에 통계적으로 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나 이라크 전쟁을 제외한 다른 변수들은 부의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 항공운송업의 경영자들은 거시경제변수가 통제가 어려운 변수이긴 하지만 거시경제변수와 거시경제변수의 위험성을 통제하는 비 거시경제변수의 변화를 주의 깊게 관찰하고 분석한다면 경영성과를 극대화 시키는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to describe a school health teacher's experience working in a mountain village during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2021. Methods: The study used a case study method based on the school records and reports to the local office of education. Results: In T City, since the first COVID-19 case confirmed on March 8, 2020, as of May 17, 21, a total of 21 cases have occurred, including two third-year students of H Middle School. Since then, one additional case was confirmed on May 18, one more on May 25, and one more on May 27, resulting in a total of five confirmed cases. During this period, 42 students and 13 teachers were self-quarantined, all students and staff were tested for COVID-19 PCR, and students received remote classes. The role of school health teacher can be described through three categories: "collaborator", "care coordinator", and "educator". The school health teacher did a lot of work until the situation came to an end, successfully fulfilling these three roles. Conclusion: Some suggestions were made to prepare a more effective communicable disease response system suitable for public health infrastructure of non-urban area.