• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2006

The antitumor activity of crude saponin mixture obtained from Luffa tuberosa (Roxb.) (Fam; Cucurbitaceae) hairy roots (CSLT) in mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated. The EAC-bearing mice receiving 150 and $300{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, (i.p) of CSLT have shown a dose dependent elevation in tumor-tree survival and a highest number of survivors were observed after administration of CSLT $(300{\mu}g/kg)$, which was considered as an optimum dose for its antineoplastic action. The mean survival time (MST) for this dose was approximately $47.1{\pm}0.74d$, when compared with $19.0{\pm}0.36d$ of untreated control. Administration of $300{\mu}g/kg$ CSLT resulted in 130% long-term increased survival time. The measurement of body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable count indicated the efficacy of CSLT in tumor-bearing mice, there was a significant recovery in hematological profiles, and there was depletion in lipid peroxidation levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as GSH, SOD and CAT were restored to near the normal levels. The CSLT was found to be devoid of conspicuous short-term toxicity in the mice when animals were intraperitoneally injected with 250, 500, 750 and $1000{\mu}g/kg$ bodyweight. The treated mice showed conspicuous toxic symptoms only at a dose of $1500{\mu}g/kg$. Mortality of the animals was monitored up to 14 d post drug treatment, $1/7^{th}$ of the $LD_{50}$ dose has been considered for the optimal antineoplastic activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.128-128
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• 1998

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteases that degrade extracellular matrix and basement membrane. These enzymes are play important roles in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis and other connective tissue diseases. In our screening program for inhibitors of MMP-2 from fungal metabolites, we have isolated novel non-peptidic inhibitors of MMPs, designated gelastatin A and B from the culture broth of Westerdykella multispora F50733. The structures of gelastatin A and B were determined to be 3-(5E-hexa-2E,4E-dienylidene-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3yl)-propanoic acid and 3-(5Z-hexa-2E,4E-dienylidene-2-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3yl)-propanoic acid, respectively. Gelastatin A and B exist as a mixture of two stereoisomers in a ratio of 2: 1. The 2: 1 mixture of gelastatin A and B inhibited activated MMP-2 and MMP-9 with an IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.63, 5.29 ${\mu}$M, respectively. They inhibited the invasion of B16F10 melanoma cells through basement membrane Matrigel with dose dependent.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

Despite the ubiquity of electronic media, paper is still the most generally readable carrier of information. Because paper materials are deteriorated by chemical, biological and physical factors over time, there have been major concerns about the decay of large collections of books, publications, old maps, historical artifacts, and written records. Therefore, manufacture of permanent paper has been a highly debated issue in paper conservation research. Through the use of permanent paper, our new records, journals, library books, art works, and all culturally and historically important documents can be preserved. In this study, handsheets were made of mixture of hemp bast fiber produced by soda pulping and HwBKP varying the amount of hemp. Physical, mechanical and optical properties of each handsheet were examined. As the ratio of hemp bast fiber increased, mechanical properties were improved significantly, but opacity decreased. After aging, the optical properties of the handsheets mixed with the hemp bast fiber more decreased than those of the non-mixed handsheet. The more mixture ratio of hemp bast fiber increased, the more decreasing rate of optical properties increased. As a result, it was confirmed that hemp bast fiber is a very promising resource for the manufacturing of permanent paper.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.474-478
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• 2013

The most general photocatalyst, $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$, are acknowledged to be ineffective in range of visible light. Therefore, many efforts have been directed at improving their activity such as: band-gap narrowing with non-metal element doping and making composites with high specific surface area to effectively separate electrons and holes. In this paper, the method was introduced to prepare a photo-active catalyst to visible irradiation by making a mixture with $TiO_2$ and $WO_3$. In the $TiO_2-WO_3$ composite, $WO_3$ absorbs visible light creating excited electrons and holes while some of the excited electrons move to $TiO_2$ and the holes remain in $WO_3$. This charge separation reduces electron-hole recombination resulting in an enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Added Ag plays the role of electron acceptor, retarding the recombination rate of excited electrons and holes. In making a mixture of $TiO_2-WO_3$ composite, the mixing route affects the photocatalytic activity. The planetary ball-mill method is more effective than magnetic stirring route, owing to a more effective dispersion of aggregated powders. The volume ratio of $TiO_2(4)$ and $WO_3(6)$ shows the most effective photocatalytic activity in the range of visible light in the view point of effective separation of electrons and holes.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.619-630
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• 2011

In order to estimate an appropriate threshold and evaluate its performance for the data mixed with two different distributions, nine kinds of well-known classification accuracy measures such as MVD, Youden's index, the closest-to- (0,1) criterion, the amended closest-to- (0,1) criterion, SSS, symmetry point, accuracy area, TA, TR are clustered into five categories on the basis of their characters. In credit evaluation study, it is assumed that the score random variable follows normal mixture distributions of the default and non-default states. For various normal mixtures, optimal cut-off points for classification measures belong to each category are obtained and type I and II error rates corresponding to these cut-off points are calculated. Then we explore the cases when these error rates are minimized. If normal mixtures might be estimated for these kinds of real data, we could make use of results of this study to select the best classification accuracy measure which has the minimum error rate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1289-1303
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• 2010

The need for statistical process control to check the performance of a process is becoming more important in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This study illustrates the method to determine whether a process is in control and how to produce and interpret control charts. In the experiment, a stream of green dyed water and a stream of pure water were continuously mixed in the process. The concentration of the dye solution was measured before and after the mixer via a spectrophotometer. The in-line mixer provided benefits to the dye and water mixture but not for the stock dye solution. The control charts were analyzed, and the pre-mixer process was in control for both the stock and mixed solutions. The R and X-bar charts showed virtually all of the points within control limits, and there were no patterns in the X-bar charts to suggest nonrandom data. However, the post-mixer process was shown to be out of control. While the R charts showed variability within the control limits, the X-bar charts were out of control and showed a steady increase in values, suggesting that the data was nonrandom. This steady increase in dye concentration was due to discontinuous, non-steady state flow. To improve the experiment in the future, a mixer could be inserted into the stock dye tank. The mixer would ensure that the dye concentration of the stock solution is more uniform prior to entering the pre-mixer ow cell. Overall, this would create a better standard to judge the water and dye mixture data against as well.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives : Phyllostachys pubescens and Scutellaria baicalensis are considered to be effective in promoting blood circulation in traditional medicine. In this study, we examined whether a mixture of P. pubescens leaves and S. baicalensis root (BS21) had any anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, or anti-hyperuricemia effects and the possible mechanisms of action. Methods : We examined the effects of BS21 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed HFD with BS21 (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg) or Garcinia cambogia extracts (245 mg/kg) as a positive control for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, body weight, liver and adipose weight, adipocyte size, plasma lipid profiles, adipokine and uric acid levels, and adipose tissue expression levels in obesity and uric acid production-related genes were examined. Results : BS21 decreased body weight gain, white adipose tissue, liver weight, adipocyte size, and liver triglyceride accumulation. It also reduced levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, leptin, and uric acid. In contrast, BS21 increased adiponectin levels. Furthermore, BS21 decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase, as well as xanthine oxidoreductase, which is involved in uric acid production. Conclusions : These results suggest that BS21 may exert anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-hyperuricemia effects in HFD-induced obese mice by regulating the expression of xanthine oxidoreductase and adipogenesis-related genes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

Effects of kimchi and its ingredients, vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol on the growth of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Three kimchi variations were studied: a standard recipe (kimchi I) and two functional variations for cancer prevention and treatment made with organically grown ingredients (kimch II and III). Methanol extracts and juices from kimchi I and III did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori. However, 10 mm and 12 mm inhibition zones were formed by methanol extract and juice from kimchi II, which had higher concentrations of red pepper powder (RPP) than those of kimchi I and III. Among the major kimchi ingredients, methanol extracts of RPP, garlic and ginger substantially inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The maximal inhibition zone (30 mm) was attained with garlic treatment. Inhibitory effects of the RPP, garlic and the sub-ingredient mixture (prepared with radish, garlic, RPP, ginger, green onion, sugar and fermented anchovy juice) on H. pylori were decreased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Neither the fermented garlic nor the fermented sub-ingredient mixture inhibited the growth of H. pylori. But, the inhibition Bone of fermented RPP was 12 mm, which was less than the 16 mm inhibition zone formed by the non-fermented RPP. Vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol which are known to be functional active compounds of kimchi also showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori after 3 days of incubation. Further study is needed to determine why the inhibitory effect is removed or decreased by lactic acid fermentation, and to determine if fresh kimchi and lactic acid bacteria of kimchi can inhibit the growth of H. pylori.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2017

Birth weight of a new born baby provides very important information in evaluating many clinical issues such as fetal growth restriction. This paper analyzes birth weight data of babies born in Korea from 2011 to 2013, and it shows that there is a biologically implausible distribution of birth weights in the data. This implies that some errors may be generated in the data collection process. In particular, this paper analyzes the relationship between gestational period and birth weight, and it is shown that the birth weight data mostly of gestational periods from 28 to 32 weeks have noticeable errors. Therefore, this paper employs the finite Gaussian mixture model to classify the collected data points into two classes: non-corrupted and corrupted. After the classification the paper removes data points that have been predicted to be corrupted. This adjustment scheme provides more natural and medically plausible percentile values of birth weights for all the gestational periods.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.138-144
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• 2017

In order to reduce carbon dioxide emission in construction industry, less amount of cement use can be one of the alternatives to manufacture concrete. One of the non-sintered construction materials are limestone, which is the raw material to manufacture ordinary Portland cement(OPC). A large amount of limestone have already been used as binders such as blended cement in Europe and US. Even European countries were already established the standard of blended cement, where the limestone can be used up to 35 percent. In this study, experimental researches were conducted to investigate the effects of limestone replacement on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete with 15%, 25% and 35% of limestone substitution to use limestone in blended cement. 15 percent use of limestone in blended cement developed equivalent or even higher compressive strengths compared to Plain mixture. Porosity of limestone cement with 15 percent substitution was much lower than Plain mixture. Most durability tests such as concrete carbonation, freeze-thaw cycle and drying shrinkage strains were conducted to evaluate long-term performance, and the test results indicated that 15 percent of limestone use did not significantly influence on the concrete durability compared with plain concrete.