• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

Structure and mucosubstance histochemistry in the epidermis of five teleostean species, i. e., spotty belly, Agrammus agrammus, devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus, stone fish, Erosa erosa, cubed snailfish, Liparis tessellatus, and Japanese bluefish, Scombrops boops were investigated. The epidermis of five species studied is composed of three layers: superficial, middle, and basal layer. The superficial layer is comprised of rather flattened cells. Mucous cells, the type commonly found in fishes are completely lacking in the epidermis of devil stinger, stone fish, and cubed snailfish. The epidermis of devil stinger and stone fish have multicellular glands which do not have mucosubstances. The skin surface of them is covered with mucous layer. The superficial cells in the epidermis of devil stinger, stone fish, and cubed snailfish are mucus-secreting cells. The composition and the amount of the mucosubstances vary in species and body regions. The mucous layer on the skin surface and superficial epidermal cells of devil stinger contain a mixture of neutral and acidic(sulfated and nonsulfated) mucosubstances. In stone fish, the mucous layer has acidic(sulfated and non-sulfated) mucin and the superficial epidermal cells contain neutral mucin. In cubed snailfish, the type of epidermal mucosubstances is identified as a mixture of neutral and acidic(non-sulfated) mucin. The mucous cells of the epidermis in spotty belly and Japanese bluefish contain neutral mucin.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2002

In this study, external condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of two non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of HFC32/HFC134a and HF0134a/HCF0123 at various compositions were measured on both low fin and Turbo-C enhanced tubes of 19.0 mm outside diameter All data were taken at the vapor temperature of 39$^{\circ}C$ with a wall subcooling of 3- 8 K. Test results showed that HTCs of the tested mixtures on the enhanced tubes were much lower than the ideal values calculated by the mass fraction weighting of the pure compo- nents'HTCs. Also the reduction of HTCs due to the diffusion vapor film was much larger than that of a plain tube. Unlike HTCs of pure fluids, HTCs of the mixtures measured on enhanced tubes increased as the wall subcooling increased, which was due to the sudden break up of the vapor diffusion film with an increase in wall subcooling. Finally, heat transfer enhancement ratios for mixtures were found to be much lower than those of pure fluids.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.7
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• 2018

Iatrogenic perforations negatively impact the outcome of endodontic treatments. Studies on prognostic factors showed that perforations in the coronal third of the root with periodontal pocket formation have an unfavorable prognosis. A 36-year-old female was referred for endodontic evaluation of tooth #13 with a history of an iatrogenic perforation, happened 3 years ago. There was a sinus tract associated with perforation, 10 mm probing on the mesial and mesio-palatal, bleeding on probing, radiolucent lesion adjacent to the perforation and complete resorption of the interdental bone between teeth #13 and #12. After the treatment options were discussed, she chose to save the tooth. The tooth was accessed under rubber dam isolation, the perforation site was cleaned and disinfected using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sealed with calcium-enriched mixture cement. Eighteen months after treatment the tooth was functional and asymptomatic. The probing depths were normal without bleeding on probing. Radiographically, the interdental crestal bone formed between teeth #13 and #12. Despite all negative prognostic factors in this case (i.e., perforations in the coronal third, pocket formation, and radiolucent lesion), healing was unexpectedly achieved via non-surgical repair of the perforation. Further research on biological aspects of healing in the periodontium following iatrogenic perforations are recommended.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.97-97
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• 2000

In this thesis, the metastable state diamond thin films have been deposited on Si substrates from methane-hydrogen and oxygen mixture using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor deposition (MWPCVD) method. Effects of each experimental parameters of MWPCVD including methane concentrations, oxygen additions, operating pressure, deposition time, etc. on the growth rate and crystallinity were investigated. SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the growth rate and morphology, crystallinity and prefered growth direction, and relative amounts of diamond and non-diamond phases respectively. As a methane concentration below 4%, the deposited films having well-defined facets could be obtained. As the methane concentration increases over 4%, the shape of films gradually changed into a amorphos form. The best crystallinity of the film at 3% in the Raman spectroscopy. Addition of oxygen to the methane-hydrogen mixture gave an improved film crystallinity at 50% oxygen concentration due to its more effectiveness in the selective removal of the non-diamond phased compared to the of H atom. on the contrary, the growth rate generally decreased by oxygen to from the more stable CO and CO2 is responsible for such an effect. Upon increasing the operating pressure and time, increased of growth rate and crystallinity were increased simultaneously.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2017

Background: In this study, examined the effects of an extract of a mixture of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora, and Rehmannia glutinosa fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with enhanced value and functionality. In oriental medicine, a mixture of these herbs is called Samultang. Methods and Results: In this study, we evaluated the effects of a fermented extract of Samultang on oxidative stress, procollagen type I expression, and melanin production. Samultang was extracted with 70% ethanol, followed by inoculation with Leuconostoc mesenteroides to obtain the fermented extract. The evaluation of viability of B16F10 cells and human foreskin fibroblast (HHF) revealed that both ethanol and fermented extracts of Samultang were non-toxic. The results of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test showed that the fermented extract of Samultang ($SC_{50}value=100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was a more effective DPPH free radical scavenger than its ethanol extract. In addition, procollagen type I expression was higher in cells treated with the fermented extract of Samultang than in cells treated with ethanol. In the non-toxic concentration range, the fermented extract of Samultang showed strong inhibitory effect on melanin production in ${\alpha}-melanocyte$ stimulatin hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells ($IC_{50}=37.9{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Conclusions: These results suggest that the fermented extract of Samultang has considerable protential as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

비이온 계면활성제 $C_{12}E_8$ 수용액의 탄화수소 오일에 대한 가용화도(equilibrium solubilization capacity)를 $30^{\circ}C$에서 기체 크로마토그래피(GC)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 탄화수소 오일의 가용화도를 실험에 사용한 계면활성제의 농도로 나눈 값으로 표시한 molar solubilization ratio(MSR)는 순수한 단일 성분의 탄화수소 오일 경우, 탄화수소 오일의 탄소수(ACN)가 증가함에 따라 거의 선형적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 탄화수소 오일의 이성분 시스템은 사용한 두 탄화수소 오일의 탄소수(alkane carbon number, ACN) 차이에 따라 선택적 가용화 혹은 비선택적 가용화 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 가용화도 실험을 수행한 n-octane/n-nonane과 n-nonane/n-decane 혼합물 시스템의 경우, 비선택적 (non-selective) 가용화 경향을 나타내었으며, 반면에 n-octane/n-decane 혼합물 시스템의 경우에는 선택적(selective) 가용화 경향을 따르는 것을 GC 분석 결과로부터 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1469-1474
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• 2003

Twenty four weaner lambs, eight each of Marwari, Patanwadi and Merino${\times}$Patanwadi breeds (9.9 to 10.8 kg) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments on body weight basis Viz. $T_1$-conventional (Maize-38%, GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-24%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%) and $T_2$-supplemented non conventional group (GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-14%, Mango seed kernel-25%, Babul Pods chuni-23%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%). The Jaggery solution was prepared by mixing 6.5 kg Jaggery and 3.5 kg water. The average final body weight at the end of the experiment was recorded to be $19.33{\pm}0.76$ and $19.72{\pm}0.8kg$ in conventional and non-conventional groups, respectively. The total dry matter intake (DMI) during the entire experiment period was recorded to be $89.56{\pm}5.19$ and $95.08{\pm}1.06$ (kg/head) and $532.83{\pm}9.94$ and $566.75{\pm}10.49g/d$ in conventional and nonconventional groups, respectively. The body weight gain and body measurements did not influenced by diet. The ration effect was found to be significant when the DMI was expressed in terms of g/d. The crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake/head and per kg gain observed during experiment under conventional and non-conventional treatment group did not differ from each other. However, the total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake per kg gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented non-conventional group. The intake values of DCP and TDN were more or less in agreement with Indian Council Agricultural Research (1985) recommendations. The estimated total feed cost (Rs./animal) for experimental lambs was $274.16{\pm}8.57$ and $242.67{\pm}5.10$ in conventional and non- group, respectively. The non-conventional group had significantly (p<0.05) lower feed cost (11.6%). The return as percent of feed cost and feed cost/kg dressed weight were $92.89{\pm}5.58$ (%) and Rs. $35.40{\pm}1.11$ and $122.61{\pm}5.06$ (%) and Rs.$30.47{\pm}1.71$ in conventional and non-conventional group (p<0.05), respectively which is the reflection of significantly lower total feed cost incurred during feeding in non-conventional group. Lambs fed non-conventional based diet had similar live weights as those fed conventional diets but costed less money to achieve those weights.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 CSM 고무를 유화하기 위하여 계면화학적 성질을 이용한 반전유화법과 계면활성제로서 비이온 및 음이온 계면활성제를 혼합 사용하였다. 단독계면활성제를 사용하였을 때에는 에멀젼의 분리가 발생하였고, 비이온 계면활성제 Span 60과 음이온 계면활성제 SLS를 혼합 사용하는 경우에는 상의 분리가 발생하지 않았다. 그러므로 혼합계면활성제를 사용하여 제조한 에멀젼의 droplet size, 전단속도에 따른 점도 및 전단응력과 같은 유변학적 거동을 통하여 에멀젼의 안정성을 규명하였다. 혼합계면활성제의 양에 따라 droplet size는 감소하였고, 이에 점도는 증가하였으며, 전단속도에 따른 점도 및 전단응력 측정결과 각각 non-Newtonian 흐름인 shear thinning 거동과 항복응력 값을 보였다. 이러한 실험결과인 유변학적 거동으로부터 CSM 고무를 유화하기 위해서는 반전유화법과 혼합계면활성제를 사용함으로써 에멀젼의 안정성을 향상시켰음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1732-1737
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Leucaena leucocephala-Morus alba-Azadirachta indica (2:1:1) based leaf meal mixture as nitrogen source to partially replace (50%) soybean meal in conventional supplements on the performance of goats. Twelve non-descript female goats were divided into two equal groups in a completely randomized design to receive either the leaf meal mixture based supplement (LMAM) or soybean meal incorporated concentrate (SBM) and wheat straw for ad libitum intake for a two month period. The goats given LMAM and SBM concentrate had similar dry matter intake ($50.2{\pm}1.67g/kg\;W^{0.75}$) and nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen intake and its faecal and urinary excretion were similar irrespective of diets. The balance of nitrogen was positive and comparable ($1.63{\pm}0.08g/d$) in both dietary treatments. The plane of nutrition on both diets was comparable and the digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients values of the composite diets offered did not differ significantly between the dietary supplements. The serum concentration of enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were statistically similar in both the groups, while haemoglobin and serum urea levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in LMAM and SBM treatments, respectively. It was concluded that the leaf meal mixture of Leucaena leucocephala-Morus alba-Azadirachta indica could be used as a vegetable protein supplement to wheat straw based diet of goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1433-1438
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• 2002

The study was carried out to evaluate leucaena seeds as a protein replacement of mustard seed cake (MSC) in the concentrate mixture of growing lambs. Fifteen owing male lambs (Local${\times}$Corridale) with an average body weight of 16.3 kg were allocated into three dietary treatments (T1, T2, and T3) with five animals in each group. Animals were offered dry mixed grass, berseem hay and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements. In concentrate mixture of T1, (Control) MSC was used as protein source, while in T2 and T3 groups, 25 and 50% of MSC was replaced by leucaena leucocephala seeds. On completion of three months (90 days) of feeding, a digestion cum-metabolism trial was conducted to determine DMI, nutrient utilization, and nitrogen balance. Changes in body weight were recorded at 15 day internals and eating patterns were recorded for 3 consecutive days at the end of the feeding trial. MSC had higher CP contents than leucaena seeds (27.0%). Mimosine contents in leucaena seeds were 1.1 compared to 0.2 and 0.4% in concentrate mixture of T2 and T3 group, respectively. Dry matter intake varied non-significantly ($79.3{\pm}1.2$ to $83.4{\pm}1.3g/kg$ $w^{0.75}$) across the dietary treatments. Digestibility of DM and cell wall polysaccharides (NDF, ADF. Cellulose and hemicellulose) were comparable, however CP digestibility was relatively lower in leucaena luecocephala seeds based groups (T2 $45.5{\pm}1.7$ and T3 $46.7{\pm}3.5$) compared to MSC supplemented group (T1 $47.7{\pm}0.9%$). The growth rate of lambs was non-significantly higher in T1 ($79.2{\pm}5.4$) compared to T2 ($73.8{\pm}8.8$) and T3 ($73.9{\pm}7.0$), respectively. The animals were in positive nitrogen balance and N-balance varied from 1.8 to 2.9 g/d across treatment groups. The eating rate (% of total offered) of concentrate up-to 15 min was relatively higher in T1 (82.4) than T2 (74.2) and T3 (77.8%). However no effect of leucaena seeds was recorded on total DMI of animals. The results of the study revealed that the inclusion of up to 50% leucaena seeds, as protein source in concentrate mixture of lambs had no adverse effect on DMI, nutrient utilization, eating patterns, nitrogen balance and growth performance of lambs.