• 청정기술
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2000

비이온 계면활성제($C_{12}H_{25}O(CH_2CH_2O)_5H$, Triton X-100)를 사용하여 토양으로부터 오일을 제거하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 보조유화제(n-dodecanol)의 사용량에 따른 오일과 세정액 간의 중간상 생성온도(MPT; phase inversion temperature) 및 동적 계면장력을 측정하고, 모델 토양(모래)을 사용하여 간이세정 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 사용한 계면활성제 수용액과 오일이 함께 공존하는 MPT에서 계면장력은 상대적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 이에 따른 토양으로부터 세정력도 향상시켰다. 또한 보조유화제의 첨가량에 따라 이 MPT는 비교적 낮은 온도까지 낮출 수 있어 낮은 온도 하에서 오일의 세정은 가능하였으나 무첨가의 경우와 비교할 때 세정력은 향상시키지 못했다. 동일조건에서 시간에 따른 계면장력 저하와 토양으로 오일의 제거량은 $C_{12}H_{25}O(CH_2CH_2O)_5H$를 사용한 경우가 Triton X-100 비해 더 우수하였으며, 오일의 종류의 효과는 kerosene>paraffin $oil{\geq}n-hexadecane$ 순이었다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2006

The aim of this paper is to improve moisture regain of PET fabrics using a lipase treatment. Effects of nine lipase sources, lipase activator and nonionic surfactant on moisture regain of PET fabrics are examined. Moisture regains of lipase-treated samples improve by two times in average compared with untreated and buffer-treated samples. Alkaline treatment creates larger pitting by more aggressive attack into fiber which is proved by SEM and water contact angle measurement. Moisture regain by alkaline treatment ($0.568%{\pm}0.08$) does not improve. However, lipase-treatment (L2 treatment) improves moisture regain up to 2.4 times ($1.272%{\pm}0.05$). Although lipase treatment is more moderate than alkaline treatment, lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics improves moisture regain, efficiently. K/S values improved confirm that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are produced on the surface of PET fabrics by lipase hydrolysis. Moisture regain and dyeability improve by lipase hydrolysis on PET fabrics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1562-1566
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• 2006

Mesoporous silica films with three different pore sizes were prepared by using cationic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant, or triblock copolymer as structure directing agents with tetramethylorthosilicate as silica source in order to control the pore size and wall thickness. They were synthesized by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process and spin-coated on Si wafer. Mesoporous silica films with three different pore sizes of 2.9, 4.6, and 6.6 nm and wall thickness ranging from $\sim$1 to $\sim$3 nm were prepared by using three different surfactants. These materials were optically transparent mesoporous silica films and crack free when thickness was less than 1 m m. The photoluminescence spectra found in the visible range were peaked at higher energy for smaller pore and thinner wall sized materials, consistent with the quantum confinement effect within the nano-sized walls of the silica pores.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 1987

고도 카드뮴 내성효모 Hansenula anomala B-7의 균체내에 다량의 카드뮴을 축적시키기 위하여 배양시 계면활성제를 첨가하여 배양하는 방법을 검토했다. 계면활성제 중 비이온계인 Triton X-100에 의하여 약 40%의 카드뮴의 축적효과를 나타내며 유효농도는 0.1-0.2%였다. 균체내 카드뮴 축적의 최적조건은 다음과 같다. 정치배양보다 진탕배양이 효과적이었으며, 48시간 진탕배양으로 카드뮴의 균체내 축적이 최대에 도달했으며 배지의 초기 pH는 6.0이었으며, 배양온도는 $40^{\circ}C$가 양호했다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2013

The rate constant of alkaline fading of methyl green ($ME^{2+}$) was measured in the presence of non ionic (TX-100), cationic (DTAB) and anionic (SDS) surfactants. $ME^{2+}$ hydrolyses and fades in neutral water and in this work we search the effects of surfactants on its fading rate. The rate of reaction showed remarkable dependence on the electrical charge of the used surfactants. It was observed that the reaction rate constant decreased in the presence of DTAB and SDS and increased in the presence of TX-100. Binding constants of $ME^{2+}$ to TX-100, DTAB and SDS and the related thermodynamic parameters were obtained by classical (or stoichiometric) model. The results show that binding of $ME^{2+}$ to TX-100 and DTAB are two-region and that of SDS is three-region. Also, the binding constants of $ME^{2+}$ to surfactant molecules in DTAB/TX-100 and SDS/TX-100 mixed solutions and their stoichiometric ratios were obtained.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2005

The interaction of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) with cationic dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)micelle was studied with electron spin resonance (ESR) by determining line widths of the ESR spectra and coupling constant of nitrogen($A_N$). The degree of ESR line shape change such as line widths and coupling constant indicated that PEG mixes well with DTAB micelle due to a great hydrophobic interaction with surfactant alkyl chains. This suggests that the PEG can be used as non-ionic surfactant to disperse the exposed oil in the ocean.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

The interaction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with cationic dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) micelle was studied with electron spin resonance (ESR) by determining line widths of ESR spectra and coupling constant of nitrogen(AN). The degree of ESR line shape change such as line widths and coupling constant indicated that PEG mixes well with DTAB micelle due to a great hydrophobic interaction with surfactant alkyl chains. This suggests that the PEG can be used as non-ionic surfactant to disperse the exposed oil in the ocean.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2011

최근 건축구조물은 초고층화, 대형화에 따라 고강도 및 고성능콘크리트의 사용이 증가하고 있는데, 고성능콘크리트는 화재 시 발생하는 폭렬현상에 취약한 문제가 있다. 폭렬은 화재 시 콘크리트 피복의 손실을 초래하여 내부콘크리트와 철근의 열전달률(rate of heat transmission)을 높여 콘크리트와 철근의 온도를 상승시키는 작용을 한다. 이러한 고강도콘크리트의 화재 시 폭렬을 막기 위하여 여러 가지 연구들이 진행되고 있으며 대표적으로 폴리프로필렌(Polypropylene)섬유, 강섬유를 사용한 연구들이 폭렬제어성능을 입증되었으나 유동성 저하에 따른 시공성 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 문제를 에스테르계 윤활제 및 비이온성 계면활성제를 포함한 코팅액으로 코팅된 polyamide 섬유를 혼입하여 내화성능을 확보하였으며 강도영역별 최적 조건을 실험을 통하여 도출하였다. 13mm의 polyamide 섬유 적용시 강도영역별 적정 섬유 혼입량은 160MPa는 2.5kg이상에서 폭렬제어가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2014

This study identifies the effects of sodium sulfate and surfactants in the papain treatment of wool fabrics using L-cysteine and EDTA as activators. The research method involves the use of 2% L-cysteine and 7% EDTA as activators at optimal conditions, papain treatment of wool fabrics with the joint use of sodium sulfates and surfactants, and measurements of the weight loss rate, tensile strength, and whiteness. Results showed that for both 2% L-cysteine and 7% EDTA, the maximum papain activity appeared at 0.5% sodium sulfate concentration. In both cases, the papain activity was enhanced at sodium sulfate concentrations lower than 0.5%. In contrast, the papain activity declined at sodium sulfate concentrations higher than 0.5%. The joint use of EDTA with 0.5% sodium sulfate was proven to be very effective in improving the papain activity. The joint use of 2% L-cysteine with 0.5% sodium sulfate appeared slightly effective in improving the activity but resulted in excessive decrease in the tensile strength and whiteness, compared to improvement in the activity. The joint use of surfactants, in the case of L-cysteine, interrupted the papain activity and decreased the tensile strength regardless of the surfactant type and concentration. In the case of EDTA, however, the joint use with 0.1-5% non-ionic surfactants, 0.1-0.5% anionic surfactants, and 0.1% cationic surfactant appeared to improve the papain activity. The maximum papain activity was observed when 0.1% of surfactant was used, regardless of the surfactant type. The nonionic surfactant was the most effective in improving the papain activity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.19-21
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• 2009

This study was performed to examine the possibility of increasing the level of furosemide permeation from the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix through the skin by incorporating various enhancers in the EVA matrix. The effects of the enhancers on the level of furosemide permeation through the skin were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells with intact excised rat skins. The enhancers examined were the fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated), the pyrrolidones, the propylene glycol derivatives, the glycerides and the non-ionic surfactants. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene-2-oleyl ether (a non-ionic surfactant) showed the best enhancement. The polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether as a permeation enhancer could be used for development of furosemide-EVA transdermal matrix system.