• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2018

This paper describes the non-isothermal pyrolysis of cashew shell cake (CSC) - bituminous coal blends. The blends exhibit two distinct stages in the thermogravimetric curves, which the first stage stems from CSC and the second one from the superposition of CSC and coal pyrolysis. The pyrolysis behavior of the blend was linearly proportional to the blending ratios. The overall behavior of the blends was evaluated in terms of the maximum rate of weight loss, characteristic temperatures, char yields, and the calculated and experimental thermogravimetric curves. The activation energies ranged up to 49 kJ/mol for the blends were obtained and used to evaluate the interaction in the blends. The present thermogravimetric study shows that there is no significant interaction between CSC and coal in the blends, and it was supported by the characteristic values which are linearly proportional to the weight percentages of cashew cake-shell in the blends. The no-interaction might be due to the fact that the main reaction zones are distinctively different for two constituents, so the additive rule is acceptable for describing pyrolysis behavior of the present blends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 1992

The magnitude of additive effects generally parralled the magnitude of difference between parental means and appeared to be more independent from non - allelic interaction than dominance effects, whereas the magnitude of dominance effects were inflated by non-allelic interaction. Additive effects were significant for all characteristics observed and those of leaf width and leaf shape index of lugs, cutter and leaf and leaf width of tips were higher than dominance effects. Non-allelic gene interaction was expressed in leaf length of lugs, cutter and tips and heterosis of these characters were lower than the other characters.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the development of a new non-linear macro-element for the modelling of soil-foundation interaction. Material and geometrical nonlinearities (soil yielding and foundation uplift respectively) are taken into account in the present macro-element to examine the response of shallow foundations under monotonic and cyclic loads. Several applications of soil-foundation systems are studied. The results obtained from these applications are in very favourable agreement with those obtained through other numerical models in the literature.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.179-199
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate arrival direction effects of travelling waves on non-linear seismic response of arch dams. It is evident that the seismic waves may reach on the dam site from any direction. Therefore, this study considers the seismic waves arrive to the dam site with different angles, ${\theta}=0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ for non-linear analysis of arch dam-water-foundation interaction system. The N-S, E-W and vertical component of the Erzincan earthquake, on March 13, 1992, is used as the ground motion. Dam-water-foundation interaction is defined by Lagrangian approach in which a step-by-step integration technique is employed. The stress-strain behavior of the dam concrete is idealized using three-dimensional Drucker-Prager model based on associated flow rule assumption. The program NONSAP is employed in response calculations. The time-history of crest displacements and stresses of the dam are presented. The results obtained from non-linear analyses are compared with that of linear analyses.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-169
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• 2012

We introduce a Heaviside-function formulation of the interaction between incompressible two-phase fluid and a non-deformable solid. Fluid and solid interact in two ways : fluid satises the Dirichlet boundary condition imposed by the velocity field of solid, and solid is accelerated by the surface traction exerted by fluid. The two-way couplings are formulated by the Heaviside function to the interface between solid and fluid. The cumbersome treatment of interface is taken care of by the Heaviside function, and the interaction is discretized in a simple manner. The discretization results in a stable and accurate projection method.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.442-447
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• 2008

This paper presents a new approach to simulate fluid-solid interaction problems involving non-matching interfaces. The coupling between fluid and solid domains with dissimilar finite element meshes consisting of 4-node quadrilateral elements is achieved by using the interface element method (IEM). Conditions of compatibility between fluid and solid meshes are satisfied exactly by introducing the interface elements defined on interfacing regions. Importantly, a consistent transfer of loads through matching interface element meshes guarantees the present method to be an efficient approach of the solution strategy to fluid-solid interaction problems. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description is adopted for the fluid domain, while for the solid domain an updated Lagrangian formulation is considered to accommodate finite deformations of an elastic structure. The stabilized equal order velocity-pressure elements for incompressible flows are used in the motion of fluids. Fully coupled equations are solved simultaneously in a single computational domain. Numerical results are presented for fluid-solid interaction problems involving nonmatching interfaces to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.231-236
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• 2013

Some cytotoxicity studies for the interpretation of the interaction between nanoparticles and cells are non-mechanistic and time-consuming. Therefore, non-biological screening methods, which are faster and simpler than in-vivo and in-vitro methods, are required as alternatives to current cytotoxicity tests. Here, we proposed a simple screening method for the analysis of the interaction between several AgNPs (bare-, citrate-, and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coating) and dye-containing vesicles acting as a biomimetic cell-membrane. The interaction between AgNPs and vesicles could be evaluated readily by UV-vis spectra. Absorbance deviation in UV-vis spectra revealed a large attraction between neighboring particles and vesicles. This was confirmed by (Derjagin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek) theory and DMF (dark-field microscopy) analysis. This proposed method might be useful for analyzing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles with cell-membranes instead of in vitro or in vivo cytotoxicity tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.265-267
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• 2004

생명체의 기본 정보가 저장된 DNA에서 생성되는 단백질은 생명 현상의 중요한 기능적 역할을 수행하기 때문에 단백질과 관련된 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단백질간 상호작용(protein-protein interaction)을 예측하기 위해 시스템을 통계학적 모델인 Support Vector Machine(SVM)을 사용하였다. SVM 시스템은 상호작용이 있는 데이터(긍정예제)와 상호작용이 없는 데이터(부정예제)를 입력으로 하여 모델링 생성과 테스트를 하는데, 상호작용이 있는 데이터는 DIP에 있는 interaction list로 해결이 가능하지만 상호작용이 없는 데이터는 현재 존재하지 않기 때문에 이를 생성하기 위한 생성방법이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 shuffling, non-interaction list, 그리고 앞의 두 방법을 보완하는 non-interaction list ＋ shuffling이라는 방법을 제시하고 기존의 실험 결과를 상회하는 부정예제 생성방법을 제시한다.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.115-117
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• 2018

This tutorial explains the basic principles of mechanistic ligand-receptor interaction model, which is an operational model of agonism. A growing number of agonist drugs, especially immune oncology drugs, is currently being developed. In this tutorial, time-dependent ordinary differential equation for simple $E_{max}$ operational model of agonism was derived step by step. The differential equation could be applied in a pharmacodynamic modeling software, such as NONMEM, for use in non-steady state experiments, in which experimental data are generated while the interaction between ligand and receptor changes over time. Making the most of the non-steady state experimental data would simplify the experimental processes, and furthermore allow us to identify more detailed kinetics of a potential drug. The operational model of agonism could be useful to predict the optimal dose for agonistic drugs from in vitro and in vivo animal pharmacology experiments at the very early phase of drug development.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

In this research, experimental studies leave been performed on the hydrodynamic interaction between a spherical particle and a plane wall by measuring the force between the particle and wall. To approach the system as a resistance problem, a servo-driving system was set-up by assembling a microstepping motor, a ball screw and a linear motion guide for the particle motion. Glycerin and dilute solution of polyacrylamide in glycerin were used as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. The polymer solution behaves like a Boger fluid when the concentration is 1,000 ppm or less. The experimental results were compared with the asymptotic solution of Stokes equation. The result shows that fluid inertia plays all important role in the particle-wall interaction in Newtonian fluid. This implies that the motion of two particles in suspension is not reversible even in Newtonian fluid. In non-Newtonian fluid, normal stress difference and viscoelasticity play important roles as expected. In the dilute solution weak shear thinning and the migration of polymer molecules in the inhomogeneous flow field also affect the physic of the problem.