• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Non-edible vegetable oils instead of edible vegetable oils as a substitute for diesel fuel are getting a renewed attention because of global reduction of green house gases and concerns for long-term food and energy security. Out of various non-edible vegetable oils, karanja, mahua, linseed, rubber seed and cotton seed oils are selected in this study. A brief review of recent works related to the application of the above five vegetable oils and its derivatives in CI engines is presented. The production technologies of biodiesel based on non-edible vegetable oils are introduced. Problems in vegetable oil or biodiesel fuelled CI engine are included. In addition, future works related to spray characteristics of non-edible vegetable oil or biodiesel from it are discussed. The biodiesel fuel, irrespective of the feedstock used, results in a decrease in the emission of hydrocardon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$). It is also said to be carbon neutral as it contributes no net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Only oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are reported to increase which is due to oxygen content in the biodiesel fuel. The systematic assessment of spray char-acteristics of neat vegetable oils and its blends, neat biodiesel and its blends f3r use as diesel engine fuels is required.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

Flow properties of heated edible oils, such as soybean, rapeseed, rice bran, corn and perilla oils, were measured with Maron-Belner type capillary viscometer. These oils were heated at $180{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ (general cooking temperature) for $5{\sim}20$ hours except soybean oils ($5{\sim}40$ hours). Fluidities of these heated oils except rice bran oil were decreased according to heating time and decreasing ratio of fluidity was outstanding after 15 hour heating in corn oil and 20 hours heating in soybean and perilla oils. All the oils examined in this experiments except rice bran oil showed non-Newtonian motion after 15 hour hinting at high shear stress and Newtonian motion at less than 10 hour heating. In the soybean oil non-Newtonian flow property was outstanding after 30 hour heating at $180{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. Rice bran oil exhibit characteristic flow property, that is, non heated rice bran oil has lowest fluidity but heated one has highest fluidity compared to other oils examined in this experiment. Change of fluidity with extension of heating time was not detected and non heated rice bran oil showed non-Newtonian motion.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.257-271
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• 2019

The use of food grade hexane (FGH) for edible oil extraction is responsible for the presence of benzene in the crude oil. Benzene is a Group 1 carcinogen and could pose a serious threat to the health of consumer. However, its detection still depends on classical methods using chromatography which requires a rapid non-destructive detection method. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis to detect and quantify the benzene residue in edible oil (sesame and cottonseed oil). Oil samples were adulterated with varying quantities of benzene, and their FTIR spectra were acquired with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) method. Optimal variables for a partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model were selected using the variable importance in projection (VIP) and the selectivity ratio (SR) methods. The developed PLS models with whole variables and the VIP- and SR-selected variables were validated against an independent data set which resulted in $R^2$ values of 0.95, 0.96, and 0.95 and standard error of prediction (SEP) values of 38.5, 33.7, and 41.7 mg/L, respectively. The proposed technique of FTIR combined with multivariate analysis and variable selection methods can detect benzene residuals in edible oils with the advantages of being fast and simple and thus, can replace the conventional methods used for the same purpose.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1978

The effect of heating time (0 to 30 hours at $180{\pm}5^{\circ}C$) on the change of flow properties, fatty acid compositions and some other characteristics such as acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and density of purified edible rice bran oil were observed. flow properties were measured with Maron-Belner type capillary viscometer. Newtonian motion was observed in non-heated oil and the oil heated for 5 hours but non-Newtonian motion was observed in the oil heated for more than 10 hours and at high shear stress. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and all the components of fatty acids were reduced in amounts with extention of heating time. The acid value, peroxide value and density were increased but iodine value were decreased with extension of heating time.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2002

신고배의 저장성에 미치는 가식성 코팅제의 효과를 조사하고자 연구하였다. 신고 배의 저온저장 18주 후 무게는 저온상태에서 11% 정도의 감량이 나타난 반면, 코팅 처리구에서 약간 적은 감량을 보였고 경도는 저온상태에서 보다 코팅 처리구에서 높았고 가용성 당 함량(SSC)도 같은 경향이었다. Hunter 'L' 값은 코팅 처리구에서 감소가 비교적 큰 것으로 나타났다. 저온 처리구의 호흡률은 저장 14주 이후 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였고 에틸렌 발생은 함량이 저장초기에 에틸렌 발생이 높았다. 저온 처리와 코팅 처리 시 모두 저장 10주째까지 높은 시장성을 유지하였고 저온 처리구에서 저장 12주째까지 시장성 지수 3 이상을 나타내 코팅 처리에 비하여 품질이 우수하였다. 코팅 처리구는 코팅 두께로 기인된 과육내 고 이산화탄소 장해로 과피 흑변이 나타나 저온저장처리에 비해 시장성이 떨어졌다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2016

This work emphasized optimum production of biodiesel using non-edible Prunus armeniaca (Bitter Apricot) oil via transesterification collected from the high altitude areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. In this study the author produced biodiesel through the process of transesterification by using an alkali catalyst with alcohol (methanol and ethanol), under the varying molar ratio (1:6, 1:9, 1:12), variable catalyst percentage (1% and 2%) and temperature ($70^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, a few strong base catalysts were used that includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium metal and freshly prepared sodium methoxide. After screening the catalyst, response surface methodology (RSM) in connection with the central composite design (CCD) was used to statistically evaluate and optimize the biodiesel production operation using NaOH as catalyst. It was found that the production of biodiesel achieved an optimum level biodiesel yield with 97.30% FAME conversion under the following reaction conditions: 1) Methanol/oil molar ratio: 1:6, 2) Reaction time: 3h, 3) Catalyst amount: NaOH 2 wt. %, and 4) Reaction temperature: $85^{\circ}C$. The experimental results showed that the optimum production and conversion of biodiesel through the process of transesterification could be achieved under an optimal set of reaction conditions. The biodiesel obtained showed appropriate fuel properties as specified in ASTM, BIS and En- standards.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1977

The Korean origin edible oil sterol part of the rape, sesame and perilla oil can be separated from the other constituents of the non-saponifiable fraction, by the thin layer chromatography on the preparative Plates. The composition of sterols have been determined by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatographic anlysis. Two sterols, ${\beta}$-sitosterol and campesterol were present in all of the oils. And brassicasterol were found in rapeseed oil in addition to the two sterols that were common to all of the oils studied. It was noted that ${\beta}$-sitosterol was the major sterol in the Korean original edible oils. The results showed that contents of sterols were campesterol 24.31%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 58.90% ana Brassicasterol 11.54%, and $\Delta^7$-sterol 5.25% by method of triangulation and campesterol 26.16%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 57.50%, brassicasterol 11.70% and ${\Delta}^7$-sterol 4.64% by method of Planimetry of rape seed oil. By sesame seed oil sterol compositions were campesterol 20.35%, stigmasterol 9.15%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 43.49%, ${\Delta}^7$-sterol 11.25% and others 15.76% by method of triangulation and campesterol 16.79%, stigmasterol 8.69%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 44.58%, ${\Delta}^7$-sterol 14.28% and others 15.56% by method of planimetry. Campesterol 12.45%, stigmasteriol 5.40%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 72.32% and ${\Delta}^7$-Sterol 9.83% by method of triangulation-and campesterol 13.00%, stigmasterol 3.76%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 74.57% and ${\Delta}^7$ sterols 8.67% by method of planimetry of perilla oil. Contents of totalsterol in Korean edible oils were 0.82% by rape, 0.58% by sesame and 0.45% by perilla, respectively.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

Vegetable oil and its derivatives as an alternative diesel fuel have become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that they are made from renewable resources. Viscosity is the most significant property to affect the utilization of vegetable oil and its derivatives in the compression ignition engines. This paper presents the existing correlations for predicting the viscosity of vegetable oil and its derivatives for compression ignition engines. According to the parameter considered in the correlations, the empirical correlations can be divided into six groups: correlations as a function of temperature, of proportion, of composition, of temperature and composition, of temperature and proportion, and of fuel properties. Out of physical properties of fuel, there exist in the literature several parameters for giving the influence on kinematic viscosity such as density, specific gravity, the ratio of iodine value over the saponification value, higher heating value, flash point and pressure. The study for the verification of applicability of existing correlations to non-edible vegetable oil and its derivatives is required.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to identify the content of phenolic and volatile organic compounds in edible and non-edible parts of 'Seolhyang' strawberry plants. We performed a comparative chemical analysis of the compounds found in roots, leaves, petioles, runners, and unripe and ripe fruits during vegetative propagation and reproductive growth. The contents of ellagic and gallic acids in the leaves of runner plants during vegetative propagation were $7.36{\pm}1.10$ and $5.07{\pm}3.66mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW, respectively, and were higher than those in the other parts. The main volatile organic compound was identified as 3-hexen-1-ol, and it was mostly detected in leaves. The content of ellagic acid in leaves during reproductive growth was $12.96{\pm}2.30mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW, while that in the other parts was below $6.00mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW. The content of gallic acid in unripe fruits was $2.75{\pm}0.48mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ FW and was higher than that in the other parts. Ripe fruits contained the lowest contents of ellagic and gallic acids but contained the most diverse volatile organic compounds, including sesquiterpenes, among the tested plant parts. The results indicate that non-edible parts (e.g., leaves and unripe fruits) of strawberry plants can be used as a raw material for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, and edible parts (i.e., ripe fruits) can be available for making an essential oil.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 1976

야생식용유자원(野生食用油資源)의 개발(開發)을 위하여 민산초나무 종실(種實)의 일반성분(一般成分)과 종실유(種實油)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성상(性狀)을 A. O.AC. 법(法)으로, 종실유(種實油)의 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成) 및 종실단백질(種實蛋白質)의 amino 산조성(酸組成)을 GLC법(法) 및 amino acid auto analyzer 로 각각 분석(分析) 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)를 다음과 같이 적요(摘要)한다 민산초나무의 종실(種實)은 비교적 다량(多量)의 유지(油脂)(47.05%), 단백질(蛋白質)(20.14%) 및 회분(灰分)(3.1%)을 함유(含有)하고 있는 영양가(榮養價)가 높은 반식물(飯食物) 또는 식용유(食用油)로 인정(認定)되었다. 민산초나무 종실(種實)에는 극미량(極微量)의 유황(硫黃)(0.02%)과 cyan 화합물(化合物)(0.00005%)이 함유(含有)되였으나 모두 한계량이하(限界量以下)로서 식용유(食用油) 및 생과(生菓)로서 이용이 안전(安全)하다. 종실유(種實油)는 옥도가(沃度價) 145.2로서 건성유(乾性油)에 속(屬)하며 산가(酸價), 감화가, 굴절율(屈折率)등 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)도 불포화고급(不飽和高級) 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)에서 특성(特性)을 나타냈다. 종실유(種實油)의 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)은 oleic acid(34.8%), linoleic acid(25.1%), linolenie acid(26.1%)등 필수지방산(必須脂肪酸)의 함량(含量)이 80%이상으로서 식용유(食用油)에 적합(適合)한 것으로 인정(認定)되였다. 종실단백질(種實蛋白質)에서 17종(種)의 amino산(酸)을 분석정량(分析定量)하였으며, lysine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine등 필수(必須) amino산(酸)의 함량(含量)이 비교적 높았고, glutamic acid의 함량(含量)(4.985%)이 특히 높아서 단백질원(蛋白質源)으로서 유용(有用)하다고 인정(認定)되었다.