• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2008

Generally, optimum shortest path algorithms adopt single attribute objective among several attributes such as travel time, travel cost, travel fare and travel distance. On the other hand, multi-objective shortest path algorithms find the shortest paths in consideration with multi-objectives. Up to recently, the most of all researches about multi-objective shortest paths are proceeded only in single transportation mode networks. Although, there are some papers about multi-objective shortest paths with multi-modal transportation networks, they did not consider transfer problems in the optimal solution level. In particular, dynamic programming method was not dealt in multi-objective shortest path problems in multi-modal transportation networks. In this study, we propose a multi-objective shortest path algorithm including dynamic programming in order to find optimal solution in multi-modal transportation networks. That algorithm is based on two-objective node-based label correcting algorithm proposed by Skriver and Andersen in 2000 and transfer can be reflected without network expansion in this paper. In addition, we use non-dominated paths and tree sets as labels in order to improve effectiveness of searching non-dominated paths. We also classifies path finding attributes into transfer and link travel attribute in limited transit networks. Lastly, the calculation process of proposed algorithm is checked by computer programming in a small-scaled multi-modal transportation network.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

This study explored men's choice of fashion as a college major and, subsequently, a non-traditional career path. Such investigation is important to gain a better understanding of the motives and processes of selecting a non-traditional college major and subsequent career path. This research consulted several theoretical frameworks to guide the development of research questions and help interpret the findings of the study. Specifically, our study builds upon Holland's trait theory (1982), Gottfredson's (1981) circumscription theory, Farmer's (1985) model of career motivation, and Simpson's (2005) typology of men's non-traditional career entry. A qualitative method was used to explore men's experiences of selecting fashion as an academic major in college and deciding to pursue a career in the traditionally female-dominated field. Following the analysis of 22 individual interviews with male upperclassmen majoring in fashion, three topical areas emerged and we proposed a model of male students' path to a non-traditional college major. The model explains male students' dynamics of entering a non-traditional college major, the role of personal and social factors in the decision process as well as the role of future career orientation when choosing to study fashion as an academic major.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3591-3596
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• 2013

The enantioselective aza-Morita Baylis Hillman reaction of nitroalkene and N-tosylimine catalyzed by thiourea-tertiary amine has been investigated using density functional theory. Enantioselectivity is dominated by the cooperative effect of non-covalent and weak covalent interactions imposed by different units of catalyst. As Lewis base, the tertiary amine unit activates nitroalkene via weak covalent bond. The weak covalent interaction orients the reaction in a major path with smaller variations of this bond. The aromatic ring unit activates N-tosylimine via ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking. The non-covalent interaction selects the major path with smaller changes of the efficient packing areas. Thiourea unit donates more compact H-bonded network for species of the major path. The calculated ee value in xylene solution phase (97.6%) is much higher than that in N,N-Dimethylformamide (27.2%). Our conclusion is also supported by NBO analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

This paper deals with a methodology for searching optimal route of hazard material (hazmat) vehicles. When we make a decision of hazmat optimal paths, there is a conflict between the public aspect which wants to minimize risk and the private aspect which has a goal of minimizing travel time. This paper presents Efficient Vector Labeling algorithm as a methodology for searching optimal path of hazmat transportation, which is intrinsically one of the multi-criteria decision making problems. The output of the presented algorithm is a set of Pareto optimal paths considering both risk and travel time at a time. Also, the proposed algorithm is able to identify non-dominated paths which are significantly different from each other in terms of links used. The proposed Efficient Vector Labeling algorithm are applied to test bed network and compared with the existing k-shortest path algorithm. Analysis of result shows that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and advantageous in searching reasonable alternative routes than the existing one.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.640-647
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• 2012

Current electronic products are dominated by the laser processing and the application will be extended this time. Especially, demands for high precision laser processing with a large area has been increasing for a number of applications such as in solar cell battery, display parts, electronic component and automobile industry. In this paper we designed an on-the-fly system for ultrafast/high precision/large area laser processing. In addition, we have developed the path algorithm for large area. Expansion of the area in which laser processing is an important factor to handle the ultrafast/wide area processing, it will require a processing path. Processing path is path of 2- axis stage and stage of change in velocity can be smooth as possible. We proposed a path of the user concept using NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)method. Through our experiment with the chopper, was to prove the continuity of edge parts. Through basic shape experiments, we proved that large area can be processed using laser. We developed a simulation tool using Visual C++.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 2015

This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision making method and implements a footstep planner for humanoid robots with it. Humanoid robots require additional footstep planning process in addition to path planning for the autonomous navigation. Moreover, it is necessary to consider safety and energy consumption as well as path efficiency and multi-criteria decision making is indispensable. The proposed method can provide not only well- distributed and non-dominated, but also more preferable solutions for users. The planned footsteps by the proposed method were verified through simulation. The results indicate that the user's preference is properly reflected in optimized solutions maintaining solution quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2010

Users of metropolitan railroad is increased continuously because of its various advantage such as comfortableness, convenience and punctuality. Thus, several local government including Seoul considered new installation or extension of railroads and four railroad operators maintain seventeen lines at present. After public transportation reforms in 2004 and integrated discount fare system in 2007, public transportation become more convenient in many aspects. However, these trials gives much more complex allocating problems of revenues among public transportation operators. In this paper, we deal with revenue allocating problems among public transportation operators after integrated discount fare system in 2007. Specifically, this study focuses on allocating revenues to metropolitan railroad operators by using RF card data. This research roughly proposes the methodology of O/D extraction from RF card data, generalized cost estimation and allocating revenue algorithm. We use RF card data in order to draw out exact individual O/D data and try to compare our results with those of Korea Smart Card Company. In generalized cost estimation, survey study about transfer factors is conducted for accurate estimation of generalized cost function. Lastly, new allocating revenue algorithm using k-path and non-dominated path concept is suggested. It is expected that case study is also performed with real revenues and O/D data in order to check up the application. Preposed methodology in this research can contribute to solve present and future revenue allocating issues according to the introduction of LRT and private railroad.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.161-172
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• 2007

Vehicles transporting hazardous materials can make huge damage to people, properties and environment by traffic accidents. Therefore, transporting hazardous materials is a big issue with the cutting edge technology of communications in these days. However, despite this situation, Korean government gives limited efforts for systematic management, research and investment about hazardous materials. Accordingly, this research suggests the key path finding algorithm about management of real-time schedule and routes for vehicles transporting hazardous materials. Besides, the case study is progressed in transportation networks of Seoul in order to evaluate the reality of algorithm. Specifically, time-space network transformation is performed for time window attributes. In addition, this study proposes the techniques searching for non-dominated paths considering schedule by the multiobjective shortest path algorithm based on dynamic programming in dynamic transportation networks including multiobjective attributes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.3 s.28
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• pp.351-361
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between fashion style adoption and consumers' demographic characteristics, selection criteria and use of fashion information sources respectively and find out how their concerned variables influenced high fashion style adoption. For this study, the questionnaire was administered to a sample of 554 female adults in Kwangju. frequency distribution, Mean, Pearson's Correlation, Analysis of variance and Path Analysis were used fer the statistical analysis. The results obtained were as followers. 1) Level of fashion style adoption showed a normal distribution like a wave. 2) Consumer's demographic characteristics variables, such as age, educational level and income significantly associated with fashion style adoption. Younger consumers adopted tile high fashion style 41)an more aged consumers. while consumers in higher educational and income level adopted high fashion style than consumers in lower. 3) Among individuality, conformity, practicality and economy in selection criterias, only individually and practicality associated with fastion style adoption in clothing purchase. In the case of the high fashion style adoption, purchasing with individuality was increased, while purchasing with practicality was decreased. 4) The use of marketer dominated sources in fashion information sources significantlyassociated with fashion style adoption. In the case of high fashion style adoption, the use of marketer dominated and neutral information sources was higher. 5) The use of marketer dominated information sources had a main effect on high fashion style adoption in clothing purchase. Especially in the group composed of college students and occupational women, individuality and praticality as selection criterias came to be important effects. While in the group composed of housewives and non-occupational single women, age, educational level and income came to be important effects.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2019

In a project schedule, it is possible to reduce the time required to complete a project by allocating extra resources for critical activities. However, accelerating a project causes additional expense. This issue is addressed by finding optimal set of time-cost alternatives and is known as the time-cost trade-off problem in the literature. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal set of time-cost alternatives using a multiobjective teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm integrated with the non-dominated sorting concept and is applied to successfully optimize the projects ranging from a small to medium large projects. Numerical simulations indicate that the utilized model searches and identifies optimal / near optimal trade-offs between project time and cost in construction engineering and management. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed TLBO-based multiobjective approach offers satisfactorily solutions for time-cost trade-off optimization problems.