• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2014

This paper introduces emergy(spelled with "m") that is a new environmental indicator in architecture, aiming to clarify conflicting claims of building design components in the process of energy-retrofit. Much of design practitioners' attention on low energy use in operational phases, may simply shift the lowered environmental impact within the building boundary to large consumption of energy in another area. Specifically, building energy reduction strategies without a holistic view starting from natural formation, may lead to the depletion of non-renewable geobiological sources (e.g. minerals, fossil fuels, etc.), which leaves a building with an isolated energy-efficient object. Therefore, to overcome the narrow outlook, this research discusses the total ecological impact of a building which embraces all process energy as well as environmental cost represented by emergy. A case study has been conducted to explore emergy-driven design work. In comparison with operational energy-driven scenarios, the results elucidate how energy and emergy-oriented decision-making bring about different design results, and quantify building components' emergy contribution in the end. An average-size ($101.9m^2$) single family house located in South Korea was sampled as a benchmark case, and the analysis of energy and material use was conducted for establishment of the baseline. Adoption of the small building is effective for the goal of study since this research intends to measure environmental impact according to variation of passive design elements (windows size, building orientation, wall materials) with new metric (emergy) regardless of mechanical systems. Performance simulations of operational energy were developed and analyzed separately from the calculation of emergy magnitudes in building construction, and then the total emergy demand of each proposed design was evaluated. Emergy synthesis results verify that the least operational energy scenario requires greater investment in indirect energy in construction, which clearly reveals that efficiency gains are likely to be overwhelmed by increment of material flows. This result places importance on consideration of indirect energy use underscoring necessity of emergy evaluation towards the environment-friendly building in broader sense.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제6권9호
• /
• pp.1057-1077
• /
• 2010

An early detection of structural damages is critical for the decision making of repair and replacement maintenance in order to guarantee a specified structural reliability. Consequently, the structural damage detection, based on vibration data measured from the structural health monitoring (SHM) system, has received considerable attention recently. The traditional time-domain analysis techniques, such as the least square estimation (LSE) method and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach, require that all the external excitations (inputs) be available, which may not be the case for some SHM systems. Recently, these two approaches have been extended to cover the general case where some of the external excitations (inputs) are not measured, referred to as the adaptive LSE with unknown inputs (ALSE-UI) and the adaptive EKF with unknown inputs (AEKF-UI). Also, new analysis methods, referred to as the adaptive sequential non-linear least-square estimation with unknown inputs and unknown outputs (ASNLSE-UI-UO) and the adaptive quadratic sum-squares error with unknown inputs (AQSSE-UI), have been proposed for the damage tracking of structures when some of the acceleration responses are not measured and the external excitations are not available. In this paper, these newly proposed analysis methods will be compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and efficiency, for damage identification of structures based on experimental data obtained through a series of laboratory tests using a scaled 3-story building model with white noise excitations. The capability of the ALSE-UI, AEKF-UI, ASNLSE-UI-UO and AQSSE-UI approaches in tracking the structural damages will be demonstrated and compared.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제8권9호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2008

기업으로서 호텔은 전략목표를 달성하는데 필요한 경쟁력 기반을 견고하게 하고, 업무활동을 지속적으로 개선하기 위해 노력하고 있으며, 이러한 노력은 IT의 급속한 발전에 힘입어 업무프로세스와 컴퓨터를 결합하여, 호텔업무의 상당부분을 전산화(Computing)함으로써 조직유효성과 생산성 향상을 도모하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔기업의 전략적 시스템 구축에 있어, 고려되고 있는 BSC(균형성과표)시스템과 관련하여 재무적 관점과 비재무적 관점에서 시스템화할 측정지표 발굴에 그 목적이 있다. 호텔기업의 경영성과를 측정함에 있어 재무적 측정과 더불어 비재무적 성과(고객관점, 내부프로세스, 학습과 성장)에 일선근무자 및 의사결정자들이 시스템에 반영하고자 하는 중요요소를 파악하여, 기업경영에 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 연구는 호텔기업에 근무하고 있는 집단을 대상으로 델파이 기법과 전문가 인터뷰(팀장급이상)를 통해 각 관점별 중요순위를 판별하였다. 연구결과는 서비스를 주된 경쟁도구 삼고 있는 호텔기업은 재무적 성과를 극대화 하기 위해 고객 및 임직원의 만족도와 서비스에 대한 품질이 중요한 성과지표인 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 이를 근거로 기업특성에 맞는 BSC도입과 경영성과개선이 이루어지길 기대한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2015

Because reservoirs that supply irrigation water play an important role in water resource management, it is necessary to evaluate the vulnerability of this particular water supply resource. The purpose of this study is to provide water supply risk maps of agricultural reservoirs in South Korea using irrigation vulnerability model and cluster analysis. To quantify water supply risk, irrigation vulnerability indices are estimated to evaluate the performance of the water supply on the agricultural reservoir system using a probability theory and reliability analysis. First, the irrigation vulnerability probabilities of 1,346 reservoirs managed by Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were analyzed using meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations over the past 30 years (1981-2010). Second, using the K-mean method of non-hierarchical cluster analysis and pre-simulation approach, cluster analysis was applied to classify into three groups for characterizing irrigation vulnerability in reservoirs. The morphology index, watershed area, irrigated area, and ratio between watershed and irrigated area are selected as the clustering analysis parameters. It is suggested that the water supply risk map be utilized as a basis for the establishment of risk management measures, and could provide effective information for a reasonable decision making on drought risk mitigation.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제6권9호
• /
• pp.81-95
• /
• 1983

The author has intended to seek for the usefulness of price-level change accounting information through financial statements of general price level. The accounting information obtained from financial statements of general price level, must be useful to the reasonable judgment of financial statement users or to the economic decision making, This thesis may be summarized as follows : 1. Financial statements arranged by historical cost accompany many problems as accounting information. In other words, at the time of inflation, they have little usefulness as accounting information. 2. In order to correct the little usefulness of the financial statements arranged by historical cost, the author examined this matter centering around FASB statement No. 33. 3. The price level change accounting eliminates the contradiction of the accounting information obtained from the financial statements arranged by historical cost. 4. In the general price level change accounting, money value is presumed to change according to the level of general price and, then, the money value for goods must be revised. 5. In the general price level change accounting, the division between monetary items of asset and debt, and non-monetary items, is important. 6. The general price level change accounting based upon historical cost accounting, has objectivity as accounting information like the cost basis accounting and larger usefulness than the cost basis accounting. In conclusion, the price level change accounting increases its usefulness as accounting information and, therefore. (1) the information on the general price level change accounting is desirable to be disclosed as supplementary information for the traditional financial statements, and (2) the general price level change accounting should be induced to the listed Companies in Korea under continuing inflation for improving the usefulness of financial statements as accounting information.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2002

The main objective of this research aims at analyzing efficiency of government financial transfers(GFTs) to the Korean fisheries sector, using the Linear Structural Relations model(i.e., LISERL model) and the field survey data. Most policies of GFTs tend to be implemented to protect industries with weak competitive advantages such as infant and/or primary industries. Specific policy instruments include income transfers, government loans with lower interest rates, taxes and the like. Fishing activities are made at a highly changeable natural environment of the ocean with a great amount of risk and uncertainty. Fishing households make their livelihood under the small-scale fisheries. Such fisheries and fishing households have also a relatively weak market power. Because of these fisheries characteristics most coastal states have adopted a variety of government support programs. However, despite such a huge government support, during the past several decades the world fishing communities have seen a tendency of continuous fishereis resource overexploitation. For this resason there have been hot debates over the government support policies for fisheries through OECD, FAO, WTO, and UNEP. In general, policy evaluations tend to be made on the basis of benefit-cost(B/C) analysis. However, the B/C analysis may produce results quite different from real ones primarily due to many unmeasurable effects. Thus, the authors composed simple questionaires and let fishermen, government officials and academic people answer the questions. The survery was made in several ways such as post-mail and personal/group interviews. In recent years, for analysis of policy performances and effectiveness, the LISREL model has often been used, which consists of structural and measurement eqquations. This model has a good advantage of transforming unobservable variables to observable ones so that it helps construct endogenous cause and effect relationships among relevant variables. The evaluation was done from the two aspects: policy results and policy effectiveness. The policy result evaluation showed that there is a need for improvement for policy problem perception and decision-making process, while the policy effect evaluation suggested that the policy goals were successfully achieved and social justice was improved from the perspective of the entire society as well. However, the research results showed that the GFT policies rendered little contrubtion to narrowing down the gap between GFT beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries incomes.

• 산학경영연구
• /
• 제11권
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1998

비과학적 내지는 예술의 영역으로 알려진 협상기법들을 행동과학적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 보다 구체적으로는 협상 당사자들이 취하는 행동이나 심리적 상태가 협상과정과 협상결과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고 이러한 요인들을 행동과학적으로 재조명하는 것에 연구의 초점을 맞추었다. 행동과학적 접근을 시도하는데 있어서 인지심리학의 일부 영역인 의사결정이론을 중심으로 개발된 제 개념들 - 현저성(顯著性), 선언준수(宣言遵守) 및 선언준수(宣言遵守)의 단계적(段階的) 확대(擴大), 골격구성(骨格構成), 근거설정(根據設定)과 조정(調整), 기증효과(寄贈效果) - 을 재정립하였으며, 이들 개념들을 기존 협상기법의 분석 및 새로운 협상기법 개발에 응용하였다. 연구결과 다분히 예술적이고 훈시 조로 인식되었던 여러 협상기법들이 행동과학적으로 타당한 논리와 근거 위에서 설명되어질 수 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 이것은 역(逆)으로 행동과학적 연구를 통하여 보다 성공적인 협상기법들을 개발하여야 된다는 것을 의미하기도 한다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2015

소프트웨어의 디버깅과정에서 오류 발생의 시간을 기반으로 하는 많은 소프트웨어 신뢰성 모델이 제안되어 왔다. 무한고장 모형과 비동질적인 포아송 과정에 의존한 소프트웨어 신뢰성 모형을 이용하면 모수 추정이 가능하다. 소프트웨어를 시장에 인도하는 결정을 내리기 위해서는 조건부 고장률이 중요한 변수가 된다. 무한 고장 모형은 실제 상황에서 다양한 분야에 사용된다. 특성화 문제, 특이점의 감지, 선형 추정, 시스템의 안정성 연구, 수명을 테스트, 생존 분석, 데이터 압축 및 기타 여러 분야에서의 사용이 점점 많아지고 있다. 통계적 공정 관리 (SPC)는 소프트웨어 고장의 예측을 모니터링 함으로써 소프트웨어 신뢰성의 향상에 크게 기여 할 수 있다. 컨트롤 차트는 널리 소프트웨어 산업의 소프트웨어 공정 관리에 사용되는 도구이다. 본 논문에서 NHPP에 근원을 둔 로그 포아송 실행시간 모형, 즉,Musa-Okumo 모형과 파우어 로우(Power-law) 모형의 평균값 함수를 이용한 통계적 공정관리 차트를 이용한 제어 메커니즘을 제안하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 2005

This study aims to examine the socio-demographic heterogeneity of community participation in rural Korea. Data was collected through interviews with 1,870 rural householders and housewives who have lived in Up or Myen as an administrative unit of rural communities, and analyzed by the SPSS/PC Win V.10 program. The statistical techniques used for this study were frequency and percentile. The major findings of this study were as follows. Firstly, the extent to which rural people have participated in community organizations were: cooperative groups, $80.8\%$; religious groups, $20.6\%$; learning groups, $12.7\%$; political groups, $9.8\%;$ civil groups $6.7\%$; and voluntary groups, $5.3\%$. Whereas the numbers were high for community participation in groups related to agricultural production, participation in civil and voluntary groups were lower. Secondly, it showed that people who lived in urbanized and high population density areas were more likely to participate in community groups. The diversity of community organizations was different according to the level of rurality. Thirdly, farm householders were more likely to participate in religious, civil and voluntary groups than non-farm householders. Fourthly, people with higher education, females, those in the 40 to 50 age groups were more likely to participate in community organizations. Fifthly, even though men are more likely to participate in political parties, women were more likely then men to agree that women should participate in political parties. This empirical study could support the results of Sundeen (1988) and Wilson and Musick (1997) in that education was related positively to community participation. In addition, we concluded that community participation in a rural development process has two main considerations: philosophical and pragmatic. This implies that there is room for government to enable and facilitate 'true' community participation. That can be done through policy reform which creates a permissive environment for community decision-making and input, in addition to simply supporting community development through financial assistance.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.81-101
• /
• 2005

This article is to estimate the fishing frequency function in Korean recreational fishery with respect to socio-economic characteristics of anglers. First, the study described the characteristics of the entire angler population on the view points of 9 socio-economic variables. And then, the study divided the total angler population into three groups of in-land, sea, and mixed angler populations in order to investigate the differences in their characteristics. The study could confirm the existence of differences in regions, size of regions, and educational levels between the in - land and the sea angler populations by testing heterogeneity in the frequency table. The fishing frequency function is estimated using Poisson regression model in order to accomodate the count data(non-negative discrete random variable) aspects of the fishing frequency. However, the model specification error is found due to overdispersion of data. The model exhibits the lack of goodness of fit. The negative binomial regression model is adopted to cure the overdispersion of the data as an alternative estimation methodology. Finally, the study can confirm overdispersion does not exist in the model any more and the goodness of fit improved significantly to the reasonable level. The results of estimation of fishing frequency population modeled by the negative binomial regression models are following. The three variables of region, sex, and education have effects on the decision making process of fishing frequency in the case of in-land recreation fishery. On the other hand, the three variables of sex, age, and marriage status do the same job in the case of sea angler population. Among the left-over variables, both income and use of Internet variables now affect on the process in mixed angler population. Finally, the results of whole angler population show that all of the previous variables are proven to be statistically significant due to the summation of data with all three sub-groups of angler population.