• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2017

Recently, with the increase in the number of private health insurance subscribers, interest in overuse of the medical service is increasing. This study analyzed the impacts of private health insurance (PHI) on medical institution selection in outpatient service utilization among persons with arthritis. In order to control patients' health status, we extracted outpatient episodes with the same disease (KCD6, M13) from Korea Health Panel. The unit of analysis was an outpatient visit with arthritis in 2014 (n=23,363). In the light of insurance coverage, we redefined three type of private health insurance (ex, indemnity, fixed benefit, and non-insured) as a test variable and two type of medical institution (ex, hospital and physician visit) as a dependent variable. We conducted a probit regression analysis to identify the impacts of PHI on medical institution selection controlling for heteroscedasticity. The results of this study showed that the insured with indemnity were more likely to choose hospital departments than clinics (marginal effect=0.0475, p=0.000). The impact of participation of fixed benefit PHI was not as clear as that of indemnity type (marginal effect=0.0162, p=0.047). In conclusion, this study confirmed that PHI, particularly indemnity type has a significant impact on the selection of medical institutions. Healthcare policy makers should consider that PHI not only affects the overall quantitative increase in healthcare utilization, but also influences the selection of medical institutions.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.97.1-97.12
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• 2018

Objective: Women with cervical cancer (CC) found to have positive surgical margins, positive lymph nodes, and/or parametrial invasion receive a survival benefit from postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, older women may not benefit to the same extent, as they are at increased risk of death from non-oncologic causes as well as toxicities from oncologic treatments. This study sought to evaluate whether there was a survival benefit of CRT over RT in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients ${\geq}70$ years old with newly diagnosed IA2, IB, or IIA CC and positive margins, parametrial invasion, and/or positive nodes on surgical resection. Statistics included logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling analyses. Results: Altogether, 166 patients met inclusion criteria; 62 (37%) underwent postoperative RT and 104 (63%) underwent postoperative CRT. Younger patients and those living in areas of higher income were less likely to receive CRT, while parametrial invasion and nodal involvement were associated with an increased likelihood (p<0.05 for all). There were no OS differences by treatment type. Subgroup analysis by number of risk factors, as well as each of the 3 risk factors separately, also did not reveal any OS differences between cohorts. Conclusion: In the largest such study to date, older women with postoperative risk factor(s) receiving RT alone experienced similar survival as those undergoing CRT. Although causation is not implied, careful patient selection is paramount to balance treatment-related toxicity risks with theoretical outcome benefits.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper examines the admissibility of restitution as the legal consequence where a contract is frustrated under the Law of Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943 in comparison with Korean Civil Code (KCC). In order to provide practical guidelines and advice regarding choice of and application of law for contracting parties in international trade, the paper comparatively evaluates requirements and the scope of restitution under the Act 1943 and KCC. Design/methodology - This paper executes a comparative study to analyze whether the parties may claim restitution of money paid or non-money benefit obtained before or after the time of discharge under English law and KCC. To achieve the purpose, it focuses on the identifying characteristics of each statute, thereby providing guidelines to overcome difficulties in legal application and interpretation as to restitution as the consequence of frustration. Findings - Under English law, the benefit may be restituted according to Art 1943 or the common law rule, mistake of fact or law. Under the KCC, restitution is considered based on the principle of the obligation to recover the original obtained regardless of the time when the benefit is conferred. Whilst Act 1943 does not require careful analysis of the grounds of restitution, requirements to justify restitution according to the principle of unjust enrichment, mistake of fact or law, and the KCC should be met. Meanwhile, the KCC may provide more opportunities to award restitution because it does not require the burden of proof related to the defendant's good faith, unlike the principle of unjust enrichment. Originality/value - Where the contract is frustrated by the effect of COVID-19, one legal issue is a consequence of frustration. Therefore, this paper analyzes requirements and the scope of restitution under English law as compared with the KCC in a timely manner. It provides contracting parties with practical guidelines and advice to reduce unpredictability when they choose the governing law in a contract.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2017

There have been many achievements for 40 years since the introduction of compulsory health insurance. Despite many achievements, it has many challenges in health insurance. Aging, non-communicable disease, and low growth economy are threatening the sustainability of health insurance, and it is time to reform the health insurance. A long-term reform plan will be an absolute necessity for reform of health insurance and health care system. Health insurance and health care reform should be an extremely revolutionary content that completely changes the framework. This reform should deal with the philosophy of health, approach of medical education and doctor training, changing supply of medical service, the innovation of primary medical care, reform of public health system, the management of medical utilization, the integration of medical cure and care services, enhancing the benefit coverage, prohibition of covered and non-covered services, etc. Therefore, it is urgent to form a consensus on the necessity of reform, to establish the health insurance plan on this consensus, and to make efforts to make health insurance sustainable.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2013

The research assesses the impact of a digital procurement (e-purjee) system for sugarcane growers in Bangladesh. The system itself is simple, transmitting purchase orders to local farmers via SMS text notification. It replaces a traditional paper-based system fraught with low reliability and delivery delays. Applying expected value theory, and using decision tree representations to depict growers' decision-making complexity in an information-asymmetric environment, we compute outcomes for the strategies and sub-strategies of ICT vs. traditional paper-based order management from the sugarcane growers' perspective. The study results show that the digital procurement system outperforms the paper-based system by tangibly reducing growers' economic losses. The digital system also appears to benefit growers non-monetarily, because of reduced uncertainty and a higher level of perceived fairness. Sugarcane growers appear to value the non-monetary benefits even higher than the economic advantages of the e-purjee system.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.833-836
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• 1998

The propose of this paper is to implement the master slave control with non-actuated Master Arm scheme by using spaceball. The spaceball is a device which can receive all 6-DOF at once and was selected because it isn't dependent to robot type or it's DOF but can be used to produce information about 3D coordiante system The proposed method's main benefit is that one who has no idea about robot structure can control the manipulator with easy. The simulation is supported with 3 modes of control to accomodate unexpected situation. The proposed implementation has probed that a non-trained user can manipulate the slave with intuition without much difficults.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

Time-related underemployment exists when a person's employment is insufficient in terms of the volume of work. Two alternative definitions can be considered based on a longer-term view or a shorter-term view and these were designed into a single questionnaire. We conducted a pilot sample survey with about 6,000 respondents in Korea. The estimates of underemployment using the two definitions show some differences given the ages, genders, industrial areas and main activities of the respondents. A larger number of people could be identified as underemployed when the longer-term view is used than when the shorter-term view is used, but there is a greater cost associated with the former. The cost-benefit of the interviewers' time was investigated by multiple visits to households. Biases and costs are also analyzed using the results of the comparison of the decrease in non-responses with the increase in the costs for the interviews.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2018

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, linear channel estimation algorithms are widely applied owing to their simple structures. However, they may cause pilot contamination, which affects the subsequent data detection performance. Therefore, herein, for an uplink multicell massive multiuser MIMO system, we consider using an alternating projection (AP) for channel estimation to eliminate the effect of pilot contamination and improve the performance of data detection in terms of the bit error rates as well. Even though the AP is nonlinear, it iteratively searches the best solution in only one dimension, and the computational complexity is thus modest. We have analyzed the mean square error with respect to the signal-to-interference ratios for both the cooperative and non-cooperative multicell scenarios. From the simulation results, we observed that the channel estimation results via the AP benefit the following signal detection more than that via the least squares for both the cooperative and non-cooperative multicell scenarios.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2002

Faced with large scale of outdoor recreation resources and variety of demanders' desire, it would be necessary for the managers to estimate the values of individual attributes rather than a bundle of characteristics of outdoor recreation sites. By extending the Brown and Mendelsohn's (1984) approach we are able to estimate the beneficial effects of the improvement of individual attributes. Sampling 208 fishermen who visited 11 free fishing sites located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk, the functions of marginal willingness to pay for scenery and non-crowdedness were estimated. If 1 unit of scenery could be improved from its average value a fisherman, on average, would receive benefit of as much as 3,840 won. The average beneficial effect of the non-crowdedness improvement would amount to 2,220 won.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2014

The design project of a technology product provides an opportunity for students to experience the inter-connectedness of academic information and ill-defined real-world problems. This study focuses on non-engineering students' activity and perception through the assistive technology design project. For this purpose, participants engaged in a team-based technology design project. Then, a qualitative research approach was adopted, which included reflective journals with 24 undergraduate students majored in Adaptive Physical Education. The analysis identified six factors (knowledge value, social value, reality value, accomplishment value, perspective value, benefit value) of perception and five stages (topic selection, function suggestion, visualization, presentation preparation, and presentation) of activity.