• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

This study was carried out in degraded and non-degraded community forests (CF) in the Terai region of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A total of 63 concentric sample plots each of 500 ㎡ was laid in the inventory for estimating above and below-ground biomass of forests by using systematic random sampling with a sampling intensity of 0.5%. Mallotus philippinensis and Shorea robusta were the most dominant species in degraded and non-degraded CF accounting Importance Value Index (I.V.I) of 97.16 and 178.49, respectively. Above-ground tree biomass carbon in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 74.64±16.34 t ha^-1 and 163.12±20.23 t ha^-1, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 42.55±3.10 t ha^-1 and 54.21±3.59 t ha^-1, respectively. Hence, the estimated total carbon stock was 152.68±22.95 t ha^-1 and 301.08±27.07 t ha^-1 in degraded and non-degraded community forests, respectively. It was found that the carbon sequestration in the non-degraded community forest was 1.97 times higher than in the degraded community forest. CO₂ equivalent in degraded and non-degraded community forests was 553 t ha^-1 and 1105 t ha^-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between degraded and non-degraded community forests in terms of its total biomass and carbon sequestration potential (p<0.05). Studies indicate that the community forest has huge potential and can reward economic benefits from carbon trading to benefit from the REDD⁺/CDM mechanism by promoting the sustainable conservation of community forests.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2014

Background: Demands are recently rising for the securement of procedural justification of policy decision-making. This study aims to improve the procedure of making a decision to expand health insurance benefit package from the perspective of building a social consensus. Methods: Major priority principles were firstly derived through literature search. Weights for such principles were calculated through an analytic hierarchy process, based upon the survey conducted for the health policy experts. Priority for 11 non-covered services was assessed by applying the weights as above to the results of the questionnaire survey targeted at people including members of related committees or societies. Results: Weights for priority principles were in the order of 'severity/urgency (0.428)', 'cost-effectiveness (0.318)', 'substitutability (0.164),' and 'accountability (0.090)'. What was obtained by applying these weights to the results of the questionnaire survey was considerably in line with what health experts classified those items into 3 groups depending on their own judgement of service necessity (consistent with 9 services out of 11). Conclusion: Results of the study are suggestive as to how far a brief assessment by experts could be utilized in case there are constraints on time and expenses in implementing all the process to secure procedural justification. Various attempts and endeavors need to be made to secure procedural justification that will not mar efficiency of decision-making in the days to come.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

본 연구는 최근 홍천강의 생태적 기능을 되살리기 위해 계획 중인 생태하천 복원사업의 경제적 편익을 정량적으로 추정하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 생태하천 복원사업의 결과물은 시장에서 거래되는 재화가 아니기 때문에 가격을 이용한 가치 측정에 어려움이 있으므로, 사용가치 및 비사용가치에 대한 지불의사액을 분석하는 조건부 가치측정법을 적용하였다. 또한 지불의사액이 0인 응답자들을 고려한 스파이크 모형을 추가적으로 이용하였다. 분석 결과 사업지 인근에서는 가구당 연간 3,300원~4,628원, 비사업지에서는 가구당 연간 1,308원~2,929원의 지불의사가 있었다. 이를 우리나라 전체로 확대할 경우, 홍천강 생태하천 복원사업의 경제적 편익은 현재가치로 약 976억 원~2,163억 원에 이를 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2014

전국의 지하수 관정은 2012년 기준 1,474 천 개소이며 지하수 이용량이 총 용수 이용량의 12%를 차지하고 있다. 수자원장기기본계획은 2021년 전국 용수 수요가 공급을 초과할 것으로 전망하고 있어 지하수 이용이 더욱 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 우리나라는 지하수 활용을 위한 인공함양이나 강변여과 보다 관정에 크게 의존하고 있으므로 관정의 경제성에 대한 평가가 우선적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 관정에 의한 지하수자원 활용이 경제적인지 아닌지를 분석하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 관정의 편익은 크게 3가지로 나누어 첫째, 활용가치로 음용수 및 농공용수의 공급가치, 둘째 비활용 가치로 잠재활용 대비 미래를 위한 부존가치를 포함하고 있다. 또한 비용은 관정의 설치비용 및 교체비용, 관리비용, 그리고 폐공의 환경오염 비용 등을 모두 포함한다. KDI의 수자원사업 예비타당성 가이드라인과 미국 환경청 그리고 세계은행의 지하수자원 비용-편익분석 모델을 원용하여 관정의 비용편익 비율을 계산하였다. 그 결과 지하수 관정의 편익이 비용보다 2.98배 높아 지하수 관정에 의한 지하수자원 공급이 경제성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

냉방용 에너지는 크게 전력과 가스로 대별할 수 있는데, 전기냉방 시스템은 하절기 최대전력을 상승시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 전기에너지는 수요 공급 특성상 저장이 불가능하기 때문에 예상되는 최대전력을 상회하는 공급능력을 보유해야 하며 매년 하절기의 사회문제로 대두되어 왔다. 한편 가스냉방의 경우 흡수식 시스템과 GHP 시스템이 있다. 그러나 가스냉방 보급용량은 전기 냉방에 비해 매우 적으며 소형시장은 대부분 전기냉방에 의존하고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 국내 냉방에너지 현황을 살펴보고 에너지원간의 부하분담 비중을 분석하여 냉방에너지의 합리적인 방향을 제시하고자 2024년까지 장기적인 가스냉방 보급 규모를 전망하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 가스냉방 보급효과를 분석하여 가스냉방의 확대 필요성을 뒷받침 하고자 하였다.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.479-487
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• 2015

전국의 지하수 관정은 2012년 기준 1,474 천 개소이며 지하수 이용량이 총 용수 이용량의 12%를 차지하고 있다. 수자원장기기본계획은 2021년 전국 용수 수요가 공급을 초과할 것으로 전망하고 있어 지하수 이용이 더욱 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 우리나라는 지하수 활용을 위한 인공함양이나 강변여과 보다 관정에 크게 의존하고 있으므로 관정의 경제성에 대한 평가가 우선적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 관정에 의한 지하수자원 활용이 경제적인지 아닌지를 분석하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 관정의 편익은 크게 3가지로 나누어 첫째, 활용가치로 음용수 및 농공용수의 공급가치, 둘째 비활용 가치로 잠재활용 대비 미래를 위한 부존가치를 포함하고 있다. 또한 비용은 관정의 설치비용 및 교체비용, 관리비용, 그리고 폐공의 환경오염 비용 등을 모두 포함한다. KDI의 수자원사업 예비타당성 가이드라인과 미국 환경청 그리고 세계은행의 지하수자원 비용-편익분석 모델을 원용하여 관정의 비용편익 비율을 계산하였다. 그 결과 지하수 관정의 편익이 비용보다 2.98배 높아 지하수 관정에 의한 지하수자원 공급이 경제성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.168-179
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• 2000

Background : Economic evaluation of clinical pharmacokinetic consultation services for theophylline, which is being widely used recently, is considered in patients for both proper care and cost efficiency. Mathods : This is a cost-benefit analysis of clinical pharmacokinetic consultation service for theophylline. Trial groups were chosen from 2 general hospitals which was performing clinical pharmacokinetic consultation- services in 1998. Control group was chosen from another one general hospital. The analysis includes 25 patients (sample patients) for trial group and 17 patients for control group. Results : On the basis of incremental analysis, it is estimated that the total (direct and indirect) annual costs of the clinical, pharmacokinetic services of theophylline for the patients in the trial group was about \65 million, whereas total annual benefits from those services was estimated to be about \551 million. The net benefits incurred to the sample patients, thus calculated, was about \485 million per year. In the analysis, we assumed that indirect benefits accruing to those services were non-existent. If that amount was included, the estimated net benefits would be much greater than the calculated one. Conclusion : We found that clinical pharmacokinetic consultation services for theophylline could produce more marginal benefits than marginal costs by those services from the social point of view. More controlled prospective trial in the future would be helpful for affirmation of the results of this study.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2005

The most limited production resource in Korea is land. During the period from 1995 to 2002, annual farm land area of 17,600ha have been converted to urban and industrial land. The self-sufficiency rate of rice, Korean staple food, is expected to be decreased from 97.5% in 2003 to 60-70% in 2020. Under such conditions, this study is aimed at first identifying multi-functional benefits of the reclamation projects such as agricultural production, industrial water supply, urban land supply, transportation effects, sightseeing effects and environmental values with and without the projects. To carry out the objectives, three existing tideland reclamation projects such as Daeho, Kumgang and Yongsangang irrigation project stage II were evaluated and Saemangeum tideland reclamation project which was jointly revaluated by environmental NGO and Govn't appointed specialists in 2000 was reviewed. According to this study results, tide land reclamation projects were showed financially and economically feasible and environmentally sustainable. The joint cost like estuary dam should be allocated based on the multi-functional benefits of the projects. To allocate the joint cost, legal and institutional improvement should adapt the joint cost allocation method as the specific cost-remaining benefit method. Korea has more than 402,000 ha of tidal flat of which 76,396ha have been reclaimed in 2003. To meet food security and to cope with shortage of land, phil-environmental reclamation projects should be continuously implemented and necessary tidal flats for protecting environmental ecosystem should be remained according to the detail survey results of reclaimable resources.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2009

Objective : The objective of this study was to examine how experts and the public perceived various environmental and technological hazards based on psychometric paradigm. Methods : We conducted a survey that included 30 hazards and 10 risk attributes. Subjects of this study were 214 people with three groups; (1) experts (55 people), (2) graduates( 78 people), (3) under graduates (81 people). Factor analysis was used to confirm the common risk attribute from 8 risk attributes. Also, multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing on perceived risk and benefit of hazards. Results : This study revealed that experts tend to be more tolerant than graduates and under graduate students for the 30 hazards. Using factor analysis, two main factors were identified: factor 1, commonly called "Dread Risk", and factors 2, commonly called, "Unknown Risk" in the literature. We identified that environmental hormone concentration and global warming ranked high in both dread risk and unknown risk. Multiple regression models were used to test the association of perceived social risk and perceived social benefit with two main factors. Dread risk had significant explanatory power on perceived social risk and benefit. We identified that the experts were less likely to perceived dread risk and know more information about the hazards. Conclusions : There were differences of risk perception between experts and lay people. Especially, experts' perception of risk was commonly lower than other people's perception.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2014

Objective : Helicopter ambulance transport (HAT) is a highly resource-intensive facility that is a well-established part of the trauma transport system in many developed countries. Here, we review the benefit of HAT for neurosurgical patients in Korea. Methods : This retrospective study followed neurotrauma patients who were transferred by HAT to a single emergency trauma center over a period of 2 years. The clinical benefits of HAT were measured according to the necessity of emergency surgical intervention and the differences in the time taken to transport patients by ground ambulance transport (GAT) and HAT. Results : Ninety-nine patients were transferred to a single university hospital using HAT, of whom 32 were taken to the neurosurgery department. Of these 32 patients, 10 (31.3%) needed neurosurgical intervention, 14 (43.8%) needed non-neurosurgical intervention, 3 (9.4%) required both, and 11 (34.4%) did not require any intervention. The transfer time was faster using HAT than the estimated time needed for GAT, although for a relatively close distance (<50 km) without ground obstacles (mountain or sea) HAT did not improve transfer time. The cost comparison showed that HAT was more expensive than GAT (3,292,000 vs. 84,000 KRW, p<0.001). Conclusion : In this Korean-based study, we found that HAT has a clinical benefit for neurotrauma cases involving a transfer from a distant site or an isolated area. A more precise triage for using HAT should be considered to prevent overuse of this expensive transport method.