• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2020

This study examined Korean employees' meal structure characterized by mealtime, meal places, and companions. The data from 19,692 time diaries, recorded by 9,846 employees aged 19-64 years for two days in the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, were analyzed for working days and non-working days. Approximately two-thirds of Korean employees ate meals three times a day on both working and non-working days. The breakfast and lunch-times on working days were distributed within two hours, but the dinner time on working days and all three meals on non-working days were dispersed across a three-hour range. Male employees spent three minutes on meal preparation on working days, whereas females spent 30 minutes. On working days, 88% of breakfasts and 67% of dinners were eaten at home. For lunches, 46% were eaten at restaurants, and 42% were at workplaces. The breakfast on working days showed the highest percentage of eating alone (40%) and the dinner on non-working days appeared highest in the percentage of eating with families (69%). The characteristics of Korean employees' meal structure appeared different on working days and non-working days. Such characteristics should be considered in the process of planning nutrition policies and programs for employees.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.558-561
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• 2007

In this paper, non working day for the construction project in Cheongju and Chungju region considering weather condition was estimated. In Cheongju region, non working day for outside and half outside work was 157days and for interior work 144days. For Chungju region, non working day for outside and half outside work was 160days and for interior work 144days. Non working day affected by temperature was 144 days at both Chungju and Cheongju. Non working day due to low temperature was 109 days and it due to high temperature was 45 days for Choengju. In Chungju, it was 11Sdays for cold weather, while it due to hot weather was 29 days.Non working day due to rainfall was 23 days at both region. To reduce the deviation between estimated non working days and measured ones, proper selection of the duration is required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2008

In this paper, non working day for the construction project in Cheongju region considering weather condition for 30 years from 1971 to 2000 and 10 years from 1991 to 2000 as statistical periods was estimated. In Cheongju region, there was no remarkable difference between them because non working day for outside and half outside work was 157days and for interior work 144days at statistics for 30 years., and utside and half outside work was 159days and for interior work 142days at statistics for 10 years.. However, non working day due to high temperature is slightly increased, and non working day due to cold weather is slightly decreased in the case that the recent statistical data was used caused by global warming. Non working day due to rainfall was 23 days at statistics for 30 years, and it was 28 days at statistics for 10 years.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.1 s.23
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• pp.58-64
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• 2005

We should consider climatic factors influencing construction works in order to estimate construction time correctly. This study is to analyze climate elements affecting construction duration and to calculate non-working days far Inchoen territorial region. Through surveying literatures and examining several existing criteria we suggest a Proper criteria for each climate elements which would be used for estimating non-working days. The criteria is made on the raw climate data of Meteorological Administration during the last 30 years(1974-2003) far Incheon region. In case of rainfall, it is estimated as non-working days when daily precipitation is expected more than 10mm, its number of days for Incheon is 29 days. In case of low temperature, the number of non-working days for the concrete works(its criteria be below $4^{\circ}C$ average) and the finishing works(below $0^{\circ}C$ average) is 97 days, 52 days, respectively. In case of high temperature, it is three days when daily highest temperature is expected going over $32^{\circ}C$

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.349-352
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• 2008

Weather condition is the uncontrolled factor to influence the project duration. Determining non-working days due to it incorrectly leads to often change the project duration and increase the total cost as well as causing the dispute among stakeholders. When making decision of non-working days, it is important to consider the expert's experience according to the characteristic of the site and local area. Therefore this paper presented the method to estimate non-working days due to wether condition by using fuzzy numbers reflecting expert's subjective experience.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2021

Recently, despite a decrease in the number of working days and an increase in the number of non-working days due to an increase in the abnormal climate and the revision of the Labor Standards Act, a standard construction period reflecting this has not been established. For this reason, even if the appropriate construction period is calculated at the site, there is a situation where delays occur due to unexpected circumstances. Therefore, this study proposes a method of calculating the number of non-working days for railway bridgework construction that reflects changes in construction conditions and climate change and reflects this to railway bridgework construction, and the number of working days was calculated. As a result, the number of non-working days by region and month in Korea was derived, and through this, the necessity of regulations and standards for appropriate construction periods reflecting regional characteristics and characteristics of each construction type was presented.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.188-191
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• 2015

This study is based on the data of velocity actually measured at varied the heights in the last 3 years. As mentioned in the World Meteorological Monitoring Plan(World Weather Watch: WWW), using the meteorological data by radiosonde can calculate the probability of velocity greater than 10m/s which is the standard beginning point of non-working condition by wind. The height is divided into sections, with 100m for each section starting from the ocean surface up to 700m high. The data measured at each section could be used for estimating and predicting the probability of non-working days for the construction nearby. For example, the data of Osan region is expected to be applicable for the project located in Seoul which has similar geographical conditions. As comparing the velocity varied with height, non-working days calculated basing on the measured data shows a variation of from -0.3 to +64 days. However, this study use Weibull distribution which considered more reliable, the result is expected to be more useful, as the data was all actually measured in the real conditions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.80-88
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• 2015

In the case of those types of work that are performed outdoor construction work, many non-working days occur due to climatic elements such as low temperature, rainfall, and high wind velocity. In particular, damage incurred construction delays hardly decreases because weather forecasting has become difficult due to global warming. In the present study, time points of drastic changes in annual average temperatures, annual average maximum temperatures, and annual average minimum temperatures were identified through BCP analysis and increasing/decreasing trends of non-working days in summer and winter were compared and analyzed on the basis of the change points. According to the results of the study, annual average temperatures drastically changed in 1988 and 1998. After the two time points, non-working days in summer and winter clearly showed increasing trends and decreasing trends respectively.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2018

In this study, Construction work is mainly done outdoors, so earth works, reinforced concrete works, etc. are Non-Working Days to rainfall. In particular, changes in rainfall due to global warming have made air calculation more difficult. Therefore, when establishing the process plan, the change of the rainfall in the area should be identified and Non-Working Days should be calculated. In this study, the time of rainfall change point was identified using the meteorological 'observation' data from 1960 to 2016 in Incheon and RCP 4.5, 'weather forecast' data from 2018 to 2074, Year rainfall and seasonal rainfall. The results showed that rainfall changed point in 1972, 1988, 2013, 2038, 2050 and 2069. In particular, it has been found that non-working days due to rainfall has big changed point as of 2013, 2038 and 2069.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.669-676
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• 2018

Schedule management in construction work is an important step for determining the construction period. On the other hand, there is a difference between the planned schedule and execution schedule because the estimation and calculation of Non-Working days, in which possible at the design stage is not performed properly. This paper proposes a method for estimating the working days by analyzing characteristics of the major work type and estimating the Non-Working days reflecting the Chuseok and New Year Holidays, which is the closest method to the actual work in the schedule planning. By applying the correction factor of the existing method and the improved method for the same construction in the same site, improved method was reduced by 22 days (9.1%) based on the actual working days. The importance of schedule management was confirmed as an example by comparing the data before and after the application of the standard (plan). These results show that the schedule delays, which are caused by the inconsistency between actual working days calculation that had been practiced conventionally and the working days on the schedule table, can be prevented. In addition, it will help to establish a schedule plan that is closer to reality.