• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to test the non-point source pollution (NPS) control by the vegetated ridge and silt fence through field monitoring. The experiment plots were established with three sizes which are 5 m width by 22 m length with 8 %, 3 % slope and 15m width by 15 m length with 6 % slope. Flumes with the floating type stage gages were installed at the outlet of each plot to monitor the runoff. For a rainfall monitoring, tipping bucket rain gage was installed within the experiment site. Water quality samples were monitored during the heavy rainfall occurred. The amount of rainfall from 4 monitored events ranged from 27.6 mm to 130 mm. The runoff reduction rate could vary depending on slope, soil, crop growth condition, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, antecedent moisture condition, and many other factors. The runoff from vegetated ridge and silt fence treatment plots was 24.05 % and -8.28 % lower than that from control plot, respectively. The monitoring results showed that the average pollution loads reduced by vegetated ridge compared to control were BOD 36.62~53.60 %, SS 40.41~73.71 %, COD 39.34~56.41 %, DOC 49.08~53.67 %, TN 26.74~67.23 %, and TP 52.72~91.80 %; by silt fence compared to control were SS 41.73 %, COD 1.93 %, and TN 2.38 %. The paired t-test result indicated that the vegetated ridge and silt fence were statistically significant effect in SS load reduction, with a 5 % significant level. Monitored results indicated that vegetated ridge and silt fence were both effective to reduce the pollutant from the field surface runoff.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.653-664
• /
• 2015

TPLMS (Total water pollutant load management system) that is the most powerful water-quality protection program have been implemented since 2004. In the implementation of TPLMS, target water-quality and permissible discharged load from each unit watershed can be decided by water-quality modeling. And NPS (Non-point sources) discharge coefficients associated with certain (standard) flow are used on estimation of input data for model. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) recommend NPS discharge coefficients as 0.15 (Q₂₇₅) and 0.50 (Q₁₈₅) in common for whole watershed in Korea. But, uniform coefficient is difficult to reflect various NPS characteristics of individual watershed. Monthly NPS discharge coefficients were predicted and estimated using surface flow and water-quality from HSPF watershed model in this study. Those coefficients were plotted in flow duration curve of study area (Palger stream and Geumho C watershed) with monthly average flow. Linear regression analysis was performed about NPS discharge coefficients of BOD, T-N and T-P associated with flow, and R² of regression were distributed in 0.893~0.930 (Palger stream) and 0.939~0.959 (Geumho C). NPS Discharge coefficient through regression can be estimated flexibly according to flow, and be considered characteristics of watershed with watershed model.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2020

The Doam Lake watershed has a significant impact on the downstream water system due to nutrients and sediment outflow during rainfall caused by steep slopes, soil losses, and fertilization. These non-point sources are unclear in the discharge area and are affected by land use patterns, soil characteristics, and topographical features of the watershed. Therefore, this study conducted rainfall monitoring from July to October 2019 in Songcheon upstream of the Doam Lake watershed, one of the non-point pollution source management areas. Then, after analyzing rainfall runoff, Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and Mass First Flush ratio (MFFn) were calculated to compare and analyze the characteristics of rainfall and the non-point pollutant discharge. As a result of the analysis, it showed various non-point pollutant emission characteristics for each rainfall event. In addition, the concentration of EMC and the MFFn were affected by the average rainfall intensity and the maximum rainfall intensity, and were not significantly affected by the number of antecedent drying days. In the future, it is expected that effective non-point source reduction measures and management measures according to rainfall intensity through continuous monitoring and analysis will be needed.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.200-211
• /
• 2009

최근 상수원 수질관리에 있어서 팔당호 수질악화에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 경안천 유역관리에 대한 관심이 증가하여 적절한 대책이 필요하다. 이를 위해 SWAT 모델을 적용하여 유역 내 점 비점오염원에 따른 오염물질 발생 특성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 연구결과는 향후 경안천 유역의 효율적인 수질관리를 위한 기초자료로서 도움이 되고자 한다. BASINS는 유역의 오염현황을 신속하고 용이하게 파악가능하고 예측모형의 입력자료를 자동적으로 생성해주기 때문에, BASINS 적용을 위한 공간입력자료인 유역 경계와 하천도, DEM, 토지 이용도, 토양도 등을 tool 형식에 맞게 변환하고 입력하여 SWAT과 같은 유역모델을 연구목적에 맞게 적용할 수 있었다. 연구목적에 맞게 모델을 적절히 적용하기 위하여 유량, SS, TN, 그리고 TP순으로 2004년부터 2008년까지 일별로 검 보정 하였고, 모델 통계 치와 효율 산정 및 산포도 작성을 통해 모델의 정량적, 정성적 모의특성을 판단하였다. 유량의 경우 실측값에 대한 모의 경향이 잘 반영 되었으며, SS, TN, TP의 경우 특정기간에서 과대 또는 과소평가 되었으나 유역이라는 광범위하고 복합적인 특성과 그 안에서의 복잡한 수질기작 등을 고려해 볼 때 허용할 수 있는 범위에서 실측값을 적절히 묘사한 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 결과의 정확한 해석과 적용을 위해서는 보다 상세한 측정자료 확보 및 검 보정 작업이 필요하며, 특히 점오염원 배출현황에 대한 관측자료의 검증을 통해 이상 치들의 정확성을 개선할 필요가 있다. 년간 오염부하량을 산정한 결과, SS와 TP의 경우 강우량이 증가함에 따른 유출량 변화가 비점오염부하량 변화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. TN은 점오염부하량이 매년 유사한 범위에서 산정되였으나, 유량증가에 따른 질소성분의 희석이나 산화효과로 인하여 질소농도 감소가 비점오염부하량 감소로 나타났다. 수계오염총량관리 기술지침에 의해 산정된 배출부하량과 비교한 결과, 총량에서는 본 연구결과가 2${\sim}$3배 가량 더 작으며, 비점오염 부하량의 경우 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 원단위를 이용하여 부하량을 산정할 경우 유달개념이 고려되지 않고 단순 강우유출비만을 고려하기 때문에 나타나는 결과라고 판단되였다. 연중 일정하게 나타나는 점오염원의 특성파는 달리, 비점오염원에 의한 부하량은 강우가 집중되는 6${\sim}$9월에 61.8${\sim}$88.7%수준으로 크게 증가하며 강우유출량에 많은 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었으나, TN과 TP는 평수기 및 저수기 (10${\sim}$5월)에 점오염원에 의한 영향이 크게 나타났다. 이는 저수기에 흐르는 경안천 유량의 많은 양이 용인시와 광주시에 위치한 환경기초시설의 방류량이며, 이에 따라 하절기 비점오염뿐만 아니라 저수기의 수질개선을 위한 관리 또한 적절히 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.225-233
• /
• 2007

Road runoff water is one of the non-point sources (NPSs) of pollution negatively influencing drinking water source. Numerous road runoff NPS waters have been studied for over the last decade. However, the sources of pollution can be conditional, seasonal, or accidental. Therefore, measurement of pollutant loadings in different site is necessary to estimate the effect of road runoff water. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of road runoff water from a city bridge in Seoul, Korea. This study was conducted for two years to assess annual discharge pollution loads. In this study, key water quality parameters including chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$), biochemcial oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), and suspended solid (SS) were measured at 18 different events. The results showed that typically the pollutant concentrations are higher at the beginning of each event and decrease afterwards. The first 20% of the volume of the runoff from each event is transporting 46% ($COD_{Cr}$), 48% ($BOD_5$), 50% (T-N), 34% (T-P), 30% (SS), respectively. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) were $COD_{Cr}$ (199 mg/L), $BOD_5$ (41.2 mg/L), T-N (7.97 mg/L), T-P (0.42 mg/L) and SS (113 mg/L). Although the results were consistent with the previous study (Barbosa and Hvitved-Jacobsen, 1999), $COD_{Cr}$, $BOD_5$, T-N exhibit a stronger first flush effect compared to the other contaminants.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.166-180
• /
• 2015

Pollutant in watersheds comes from two major sources which are NPS (nonpoint source pollution) and PS (point source pollution). Most of the pollutant can be treated by wastewater treatment plants. However, wastewater treatment plants may not be an appropriate practice to improve water quality for the watersheds with large portion of NPS pollutant and NPS pollution from direct runoff and baseflow has different characteristics. Therefore the practices to improve water quality need to be comprehensive for pollutants by both direct runoff and baseflow. Riparian buffer, one of practices to manage pollutant in watershed, has been applied to reduce pollutant not only from direct runoff but also baseflow. In this study, the scenarios for pollutant reduction by wastewater treat plants and the nitrogen reduction by riparian buffer were simulated using SWAT-REMM to suggest an effective plan for pollutant reduction from baseflow. Riparian buffer provided nitrogen reduction of 0.2~75.0% in YbB watershed and 38.0~47.0% in GbA watershed. The result indicates that riparian buffer is effective to reduce the pollutant especially from baseflow, and it suggested as suitable for the a watershed which WWTP discharge is not capable to reduce enough pollutant.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권10호
• /
• pp.711-718
• /
• 2014

실제 도로현장에 Pilot plant 규모의 비점오염물질 처리장치를 적용하여 강우사상에 따른 유출과 각 오염물질에 대한 처리특성을 조사하였다. 발포고분자 여재를 충전시킨 여과컬럼은 90분 이후에 막힘 현상이 발생되어 유입수의 bypass 현상이 발생되었다. SS 200 mg/L 이상의 고농도가 처리조로 유입될 경우 반응시간 60분부터 유출수의 처리효율이 급격히 저하되었다. 고형물질 농도(SS) 180 mg/L 이하에서는 안정적인 처리가 이루어졌다. $COD_{Cr}/SS$ 비는 중간값 0.67로 분석되었으며, SS의 제거는 $COD_{Cr}$의 제거와 밀접하게 나타났다. SS와 $COD_{Cr}$의 평균 제거율은 각각 92.1%와 82.3%로 나타났다. 유입수의 TP 농도가 0.5 mg/L 이하일 경우 처리수질이 0.1 mg/L 수준에서 안정적인 처리를 나타내었고, 1.0 mg/L 이상으로 유입될 경우 처리수의 수질은 평균 0.2 mg/L를 초과였다. TN의 경우 4~10 mg/L로 반응조로 유입될 경우 처리수질은 1.5~3.0 mg/L 수준을 유지하였다. TP와 TN 각각의 평균제거율은 73.9%, 50.4%이다.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2009

비점오염원에 의한 4대강의 오염부하증가율이 점점 증가하고 있어 비점오염원 관리의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 환경부는 수질오염총량관리제를 도입하여 수생태계 입장에서 수질개선 정책을 펼치고 있으며, 한강 수계를 비롯한 4대강 유역에 비점저감시설을 설치하여 시범사업을 실시하고 있다. 그러나 현재 적용되어 운영되고 있는 비점오염저감시설은 대부분 외국의 기술을 그대로 이용한 것으로 처리성능 및 효율의 불확실성과 기후 및 유역특성을 반영하고 있지 않는 등 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 고속도로내 톨게이트와 주차 장지점에 비점오염저감시설을 설치하여 2~3년 동안 운전하였으며, 비점오염물질의 유출특성과 저감시설의 오염 물질별 제거형태를 파악하였다. 이러한 결과는 비점오염물질 관리를 위한 토지이용별 비점저감시설의 적용, 운영 및 유지관리에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제62권5호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2020

There are fifteen non-point pollution management areas in Korea and three of them (Doam lake, Daegi district and Golji-cheon) are located in the upstream of the Namhan river watershed. Many efforts to reduce non-point sources (NPS) pollution have been conducted, however, water quality pollution in the watershed is still serious. To solve these problems, it is a priority to grasp water quality using statistical techniques. In this study, a trend analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of NPS management in the watershed. The long-term trends from 1996 to 2018 of water quality properties were analyzed using data collected from the water environment information system. Seventeen monitoring stations were selected along the main stream in Namhan river basin. Monthly water quality properties (BOD, COD, TN, TP, TN/TP ratio, Conductivity, SS and Chlorophyll-a) were collected and analyzed by Mann-Kendall test and LOWESS. The results showed that the Conductivity tended to increase in all regions and was the highest level in Jijangcheon. Organic pollution such as BOD and COD tended to increase in the Jungseon area. SS did not show a large tendency, but it showed high concentration in the Doam watershed. In all regions, 40% of water quality properties showed a tendency to 'UP', 15% of water quality properties tended to 'DOWN', and 46% indicated no tendency. In order to determine the cause of this, additional research and measures for improvement are necessary. This study will be used for the establishment of water quality policy in the future.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.417-426
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban and rural zones in sangju area. The monitoring was conducted with seven events for ten months and Event mean Concentration(EMC) and First Flush Effect(FFE) of SS and BOD were calculated on the result of the water quality parameters. During rainfall event, the peak concentrations of SS and BOD were observed after 3~4 hours of rainfall in rural areas. Whereas, the peak concentrations occurred within 1~2 hours after rainfall and then the highest concentration of NPS pollutants sharply decreased, showing strong first flush effect in urban areas. The cumulative load curves for NPS pollutants showed above the $45^{\circ}$ straight line, indicating that fist flush effect occurred in urban areas. The mean SS EMC values of rural areas ranged from 0.9~3.3mg/L, it was higher value when compare to urban areas. While the mean BOD values of urban areas were shown the highest values.