• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.1971-1977
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• 2001

Multipath Rayleigh fading channels for mobile radio transmission can be represented by the linear filter model, and depending on the delay path characteristics, only a selected number of taps may have significance in the receiver structure design. By using tap-selective equalization, reduction in both processing complexity and power consumption can be obtained. In this paper, we present an optimal tap selection method for a given channel model, and demonstrate the performance improvement over an existing method. We show the method performs the CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) detection when the noise power information is available, and derive exact expressions of the error probability for the case of noise power estimation. Using the derived formulas and simulation results, it is demonstrated that the error probability quickly approaches to the optimal performance as the number samples used for the noise power estimation increases.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) mobile communication systems require accurate channel estimation in the receiver to compensate the fading distortions. Instantaneous channel estimates are obtained by dividing the received symbol by the transmitted symbol and then refined by filtering to reduce the estimation variance. In the channel estimation filter, the determination of the filter size is a very important task which greatly affects the estimation quality. While conventional methods usually use only velocity estimators to determine the channel estimation filter size, this paper proposes a filter size determination method for decision-directed channel estimators considering the symbol error rate and the signal-to-noise ratio in addition to the velocity of the mobile station. This paper shows that the symbol error rate and the signal-to-noise ratio are important factors for the determination of the channel estimation filter size.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 2003

Voice activity detection (VAD) is a process that separates the noise region from silence or noise region of input speech signal. Since unvoiced consonant signals have very similar characteristics to those of noise signals, it may result in serious distortion of unvoiced consonants, or in erroneous noise estimation to can out VAD without paying special attention on unvoiced consonants. In this paper, we propose a method to extract in an explicit way the boundaries between unvoiced consonant and noise in fluent speech so that more exact VAD could be performed. The proposed method is based on histogram in frequency domain which was successfully used by Hirsch for noise estimation, and a1so on similarity measure of frequency components between adjacent frames, To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, experiments on unvoiced consonant boundary extraction was performed on seven kinds of noisy speech signals of 10 ㏈ and 15 ㏈ SNR respectively.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.383-389
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a improved speech absence probability estimation algorithm by applying environmental noise classification for speech enhancement. The previous speech absence probability required to seek a priori probability of speech absence was derived by applying microphone input signal and the noise signal based on the estimated value of a posteriori SNR threshold. In this paper, the proposed algorithm estimates the speech absence probability using noise classification algorithm which is based on Gaussian mixture model in order to apply the optimal parameter each noise types, unlike the conventional fixed threshold and smoothing parameter. Performance of the proposed enhancement algorithm is evaluated by ITU-T P.862 PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) and composite measure under various noise environments. It is verified that the proposed algorithm yields better results compared to the conventional speech absence probability estimation algorithm.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.975-981
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• 2012

The SNR estimation performance of hierarchical 16QAM system, which is adopted to simultaneous transmission or efficient image transmission system, is analyzed. Hierarchical 16QAM is modulation system which has different constellation shape from conventional QAM and can provide users with high quality and low quality of data services simultaneously by controlling hierarchical modulation parameter. Assuming AWGN channel, SNR estimation performance characteristics are investigated considering hierarchical modulation parameter and type of constellation points. From simulation results, it is found that constellation point showing superior SNR estimation performance relative to other points is exist. Also, it is known that according to hierarchical modulation parameter, SNR estimation range with more accurate estimation performance is divided.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.426-432
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation performance of Cross quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which is being used for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), very high bit rate digital subscriber line (VDSL), and digital video broadcasting - cable (DVB-C), and has been found to be useful in adaptive modulation and blind equalization. At first, the symbol error rate (SER) performance of Cross QAM is analyzed in Rayleigh fading channel. Then we suggest error vector magnitude (EVM) based SNR estimation utilizing the selected constellation points having different types of decision region from one another, and verify that SNR estimation performance of each points have different performance pattern through simulation. From the simulation results, it has been found that when suggested selected constellation points are used for SNR estimation in Cross QAM, estimation performance is enhanced in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or Ricean fading channel.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.321-324
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• 1997

In this paper, Active Noise Control(ANC) algorithm is proposed based on the estimated frequency estimator of the reference signal. The conventional feedforward ANC algorithms should measure the reference and use it to calculate the gradient of the squared error and filter coefficients. For ANC systems applied to aircrafts and passenger ships, engines from which reference signal is usually measured is so far from seats where main part of controller is placed that the scheme might be difficult to implement or very costly. Feedback ANC algorithm which doesn't need to measure the reference uses the error signal to update the filter and is sensitive to unexpected transient noise like a sneeze, clapping of hands and so on The proposed algorithm estimates frequencies of the desired signal in real time using adaptive notch filter. New frequency estimation algorithm is proposed with the improved convergence rate, threshold SNR and computational simplicity. Reference is not measured but created with the estimated frequencies. It has strong similarity to the conventional feedback control because reference is made from error signal. Enhanced error signal is used to update the controller for better performance under the measurement noise and impact noise. The proposed ANC algorithm is compared with the conventional feedback control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.862-865
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• 2004

The system air conditioner has an outdoor unit and a number of indoor units, which connected by several long pipes. In comparison with building HAVC system, the system air conditioner doesn't need lots of facilities, such as control of room, cooling tower, etc. At the beginning stage for the market of the system air conditioner, its main application was a school which size is small to use the building HAVC and large to use home air conditioning system, such as PAC (package air conditioner), RAC (room air conditioner). Therefore, because of the advantages of the system air conditioner mentioned above, the market is expanded rapidly. Since it is difficult to evaluate the noise caused by the system air conditioner because it has to be implemented before the finish of construction, the prediction or estimation of the noise by using CAE technology should be very important. In this research, using a commercial code, RAYNOISE, the noise is estimated to improve the design of building.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2011

This paper addresses estimating the frequency of a cisoid in the presence of white Gaussian noise, which has numerous applications in communications, radar, sonar, and instrumentation and measurement. Due to the nonlinear nature of the frequency estimation problem, there is threshold effect, that is, large error estimates or outliers will occur at sufficiently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Utilizing the ideas of averaging to increase SNR and weighted linear prediction, an optimal frequency estimator with smaller threshold SNR is developed. Computer simulations are included to compare its mean square error performance with that of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, improved weighted phase averager, generalized weighted linear predictor, and single weighted sample correlator as well as Cramer-Rao lower bound. In particular, with smaller computational requirement, the proposed estimator can achieve the same threshold and estimation performance of the ML method.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.265-268
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• 1995

Signal averaging technique to improve signal-to-noise ratio has widely been used in various fields, especially in electrophysiology. Estimation of the EP(evoked potential) signal using the conventional averaging method fails to correctly reconstruct the original signal under EEG(electroencephalogram) noise especial]y when the latency times of the evoked potential are not identical. Therefore, a technique based on the bispectrum averaging was proposed for recovering signal waveform from a set o noisy signals with variable signal dalay. In this paper an improved bispectrum estimation technique of the RP signal is proposed using a confidence thresholding of the EP signal in frequency domain in which energy distribution of the EP signal is usually not uniform. The suggested technique is coupled with the conventional bispectrum estimation technique such as least square method and recursive method. Some results with simulated data and real EP signal are shown.