• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2003

Endosulfan is one of the organochlorine pesticides, well-known endocrine disruptors (EDs). Many EDs show the estrogenic effect. Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an important role in mammary gland function and implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. In the present study. using mouse mammary gland organ culture (MMOC) system. we studied the the effects of endosulfan on nodule like alveolar lesion (NLAL) formation in the mouse mammary gland development. (omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 1975

For the evaluation of drought resistance of the plant, the growth of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. var. japonica Nakai was analyzed by the control of water content of soil: 1. The growth of leaf, stem and root showed high value in accordance with the increase of soil water content. 2. The formation of nodule was alos increased as the content of soil water became higher. 3. The highest water content of the plant was shown in the plots of 30 and 40% of water centent in soils and in the middle of the growing period (August-September). 4. The C/F ratio in the early period of the growth(July) was similar in each plot, but showed a higher value as the water centent of soil became higher at the later period(October). 5. The T/R ration increased in early period of the growth as the soil water content became higher, but it was decreased to the value of 1 in each plot.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.55-71
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• 2017

Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO), especially Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) films are almost prepared by DC magnetron sputtering because of the advantage of obtaining homogeneous large area coatings with high reproducibility. The purpose of this report is describe a detailed investigation of key factors dominating electrical and structural properties of sputtered ITO films. It was confirmed that crystallinity and electrical properties of ITO films were strongly depend on the sputtering pressure and kinetic energy of sputtered particles which are expected to have a close relation with the transport processes between target and substrate. And also, nodule formation on the ITO target was suppressed by both $CaCO_3$ addition and decreasing micro-pore in the target. On the other hand, we focused on the characteristics of amorphous TCO film to use as transparent electrode for various applications. To realize high thermoelectric performance, it was tried to control both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity for the amorphous IZO:Sn films.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.23-42
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Samkieumgamibang (SKG) on osteoporosis. Methods: The osteoclastogenesis and gene expression were determined in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. And, osteoblastogenesis was also determined in rat calvarial cell. Results: SKG decreased the number of TRAP positive cell in osteoclast. It also decreased the expression of Cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, c-fos, NAFTc1 and JNK1 in osteoclast. SKG increased the expression of iNOS in RANKL-stimulated in osteoclast. Otherwise, SKG inhibited TRAP activity in osteoclast. SKG increased cell proliferation, ALP activity, bone martix protein, collagen and nodule in osteoblast. Conclusions: It is concluded that SKG might decrease the bone resorption resulted from decrease of osteoclast differentiation and it's related gene expression. And, SKG might increase the bone formation resulted from increase of osteoblast function.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.383-394
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• 1992

비병원성 세균인 고acirlus subtilis(ATCC6633)를 등검은메뚜기(Euprepocnemis shr'rakii Bolivar)의 성충 복강에 주입한 후, 혈구의 반응양상을 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 세균에 대한 혈구의 면역반응은 plasmatocyte와 granulocyte에 의한 식 세포작용(phagocytosis)의 형태로 이루어졌으며, 결절형꽁(nodule formation)은 일어나지 않았다. 식 세포작용의 초기 반응은 혈구의 세포질 돌기가 돌출되 면서 이물질을 둘러싼 후, 원형질막과의 융합에 의해 식포가 형성되었고, 식포의 주변부에서는 일차 리소조옴의 집적이 관찰되었으며, 이런 과정은 세균 주입후, 10분 이내에 완료되었다. 일차 리소조옴은 세균 주입 후 1시간 이내에 식포의 한계막과 융합하여 이차 리소조옴을 형성하였으며, 소화된 이물질은 9시간 이내에 exocytosis에 의해 배출 되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.315-318
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• 2022

Aqualyx (Marllor International Ltd, Rimini, Italy) was originally developed in Italy by Professor Pasquale Motolese and has been commercially available since 2009. It is a deoxycholate, aqueous gelatinous solution mixed with saline and buffering compounds. It is the only drug approved by the European Union for the reduction in localized fat. Aqualyx is sold exclusively to doctors and nurses trained in intralipotherapy. In the case of our patient, the product administered was advertised as Aqualyx, but was not administered by a trained health professional and was administered too superficially. The patient developed severe pain following the injection and was unable to sit for several weeks. There was localized skin necrosis, and palpable collections where the injection was administered. Our initial suspicion was development of an abscess or hematoma. To characterize further, we arranged an ultrasound scan that showed a "superficial hypoechoic lesion" but no deeper infection or spread. The numerous painful nodules ruptured onto the skin surface, resulting in purulent and bleeding lesions. This case demonstrates the importance of appropriate training and competence in performing cosmetic procedures including injections and fat dissolving treatments.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.565-578
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• 2012

Sedimentary facies of the Middle to Upper Cambrian Sesong Formation, Taebacksan Basin, are analyzed using detailed field mapping and stratigraphic section measuring. As a result, five sedimentary facies are recognized in the formation, which include lime nodule bearing shale facies, anastomosing wackestone-packstone facies, well-laminated siltstone facies, fine to medium sandstone facies and lime pebble conglomerate facies. Together with sedimentary facies analysis, study on vertical facies variation indicates that the Sesong Formation was deposited in an outer to inner shelf during relative sea-level fall. Especially, shallow marine aspects of the upper part of the Sesong Formation including 10-m-thick, fine to medium-grained sandstones appear to be very similar with the shallow marine strata accumulated during the Steptoean Stage (Dunderbergia) in Laurentia. These lithofacies comparisons of coeval strata between two continents suggest that sedimentation in the Sesong Formation reflects the influence of global sea-level fall occurred during the late Middle Cambrian to early Late Cambrian. As well, a stratigraphic discontinuity surface that may have sequence stratigraphic significance is recognized within the shallow marine sandstone beds of the uppermost Sesong Formation. This stratigraphic discontinuity surface may correspond to the Sauk II-III sequence boundary in Laurentia. Therefore, results delineated in this study will use a new stratigraphic paradigm for regional correlation of the Middle to Late Cambrian strata (e.g., the Sesong Formation) in the Taebacksan Basin, and will provide very useful information on intercontinental stratigraphic correlation in the future.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2013

This study was conducted to select rhizobia from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) with nodulation and excellent nitrogen-fixing ability. Hairy vetch root was collected from 7 of cultivation region of all over the country, rhizobia were isolated from the root nodules. Isolates were re-inoculated into a hairy vetch separately and studied nodulation and nitrogen-fixing ability. As a result, total of 52 Rhizobium isolates were isolated from the hairy vetch root nodules, among these, 16 isolates were Rhizobium which show good growth at more than 0.5% NaCl concentration. These 16 isolates were re-inoculated separately, 8 weeks after, good root nodule formation was observed from Rhizobium sp. RH1, RH3, RH81, RH82, RH84, and RH93 strain treated samples. Six isolates were positive for nitrogen fixing ability, the highest acetylene reduction activity was shown by Rhizobium sp. RH84. Results suggest that the Rhizobium sp. RH84 could be used as the possibility of its application as a green manure crop of hairy vetches in nonuniform salt distribution reclaimed land.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.1 s.66
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• pp.155-163
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• 1998

To evaluate the effect of a static magnetic field on the bone producing potential of MC3T3-E1 cells, the alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after the cells having been cultured under 76.4mT static magnetic field using a $SmCo_5$ magnets for 5days, 7days, 11days, 15days and 21days for each cell culture group. Also, the amount of bone nodule stained with Alizarin red S was observed. The results were as follows . The alkaline phosphatase activity of the 7, 11, and 15 days group among the experimental groups was decreased as compared with the control groups, and the decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the 11 days group was the most evident among them. . Any stained bone nodules of both groups had not been observed until the 11th day. The stained bone nodules in the control groups were found on the 15th day, but not in the experimental groups. The stained bone nodules were observed in both groups on the 21st day, but the control groups have more bone nodules than the experimental groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 1996

Red alder(Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings inoculated with Frankia only or both Frankia and spores of Alpova diplophloeus(Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith were grown in a greenhouse for ten weeks. The ten-week-old seedlings were fertilized with six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertility regimes (no fertilization, 10mM $NH_4NO_3$, 50mM $NH_4NO_3$, 5mM $KH_2PO_4$, 10mM $NH_4NO_3+5mM$ $KH_2PO_4$, and 50mM $NH_4NO_3+5mM$ $KH_2PO_4$) three times a week for ten weeks. The higher N-fertilization significantly increased mycorrhiza formation by greenhouse contaminant mycorrhizal fungi, but decreased N-fixation and P concentration in nodule tissues. P-fertilization significantly increased nodule and shoot dry weight, and P concentration in plant tissues. When N was highly fertilized, however, the P-fertilization effect disappeared in nodule P concentration but doubled in leaf P concentration. A. diplophloeus inoculation significantly increased diameter growth and $CO_2$ exchange rate, but decreased leaf dry weight. Our results suggest that the higher N- or P-fertilization affect nitrogenase activity and mycorrhizal development but the effects are changed by their interactions.