• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

The free and forced nonlinear dynamic behaviors of Porous Functionally Graded Material (PFGM) plates are examined by means of a High-Order Implicit Algorithm (HOIA). The formulation is developed using the Third-order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT). Unlike previous works, the formulation is written without resorting to any homogenization technique neither rule of mixture nor considering FGM as a laminated composite, and the distribution of the porosity is assumed to be gradually variable through the thickness of the PFGM plates. Using the Hamilton principle, we establish the governing equations of motion. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to compute approximations of the resulting equations; FEM is adopted using a four-node quadrilateral finite element with seven Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) per node. Nonlinear equations are solved by a HOIA. The accuracy and the performance of the proposed approach are verified by presenting comparisons with literature results for vibration natural frequencies and dynamic response of PFGM plates under external loading. The influences of porosity volume fraction, porosity distribution, slenderness ratio and other parameters on the vibrations of PFGM plate are explored. The results demonstrate the significant impact of different physical and geometrical parameters on the vibration behavior of the PFGM plate.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2022

This paper proposes a method to find a tree with the maximum number of terminals that can be connected by a given length when numerous terminals distributed in a cluster form are given to the Euclidean plane R2 with several constraints. First constraint is that a given terminal is distributed in a cluster form, second is that a given length cannot connect all terminals in the tree, and third is that there is no curved connection between each terminal. This paper proposes a method to establish more efficient interconnections within terminals distributed in a cluster form by improving a randomly distributed memetic genetic algorithm. The construction of interconnections has been extensively used in design-related fields, from networking to architecture. Additionally, in real life, the construction of interconnections is mostly distributed in the form of clusters. Therefore, the heuristic algorithm proposed in this paper can be effectively utilized in real life and is expected to provide various cost savings.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.865-877
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• 1999

Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs which share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are normally present in Korean native goats. Hemal nodes bad extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes, and no typical cortex and medulla were observed. Blood vessels commonly occurred, but lymph vessel was not observed in the hemal node. Hemolymph nodes had distinct cortex and medulla, and also had afferent and efferent lymph vessels. The aim of the present study was to obtain new information on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, and have the basic data for their functions. Goats are divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months. The morphological studies of the organs were carried out by gross anatomy, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. During aging, there was an increase in the size of the organs, while there were no significant changes of their numbers, locations and colors. As the goat got older, the lymphatic nodules of hemal nodes were more developed, and the number of macrophage containing phagocytosed erythrocytes was more increased. As the goat was younger, the lymphatic tissues of hemolymph nodes were less developed. There was no difference in distribution of T- and B- lymphocytes according to ages.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제8A권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2001

In a dynamic load distribution policies, each node gathers the current system sates information before making a decision on load balancing. Load balancing policies based on this strategy can suffer from processor thrashing. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm which attempts to decrease the frequency of the processor thrashing, the algorithm is based on the integration of three components. The first, the algorithm of which determine the size of jobs be transferred. The second, negotiation protocol with obtains a mutual agreement between a sender and a receiver on the transferring job size. And the third, a symmetrically-initiated location policy. The algorithm proposed in this paper used Siman IV as simulation tool to prove the improvement of performance. I analyzed the result of simulation, and compared with related works. The mean response time shows that there are no difference with existing policy, but appear a outstanding improvement in high load. The thrashing coefficient that shows the average response time, CPU overhead and the thrashing ratio at both the receiving and sending node has been used in the analysis. A significant improvement in the average response time and the CPU overhead ratio was detected using our algorithm when an overhead occurred in the system over other algorithm. The thrashing coefficient differed in the sending node and the receiving node of the system. Using our algorithm, the thrashing coefficient at the sending node showed more improvement when there was an overhead in the system, proving to be more useful. Therefore, it can be concluded that the thrashing ratio can be reduce by properly setting the maximum and minimum value of the system’s threshold queue.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 복합적층판의 유한요소해석을 위해 직접수정법으로 간단히 개선된 8절점 유한요소를 제안하였다. 우선, 9절점 등매개변수 요소와 동일한 조건하에서 이차다항식을 표현할 수 있도록 형상함수를 수정하며, 이를 외시적(explicit)으로 표현하였다. 전단보정계수를 갖는 1차전단변형이론을 고차전단변형이론에 근거하여 간단히 개선함으로써 두께방향으로 전단응력 및 변형률이 포물선 분포를 가지도록 하였다. 더 이상의 전단보정계수가 필요하지 않다. 따라서 간단한 직접수정법 즉, 형상함수의 수정, 1차전단변형이론의 개선 및 가정변형률을 조합함으로써 8절점 유한요소의 성능을 개선하였다. 제안된 유한요소를 이용하여 복합적층판의 정적, 좌굴 및 자유진동 수치해석을 실시하여 비교 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2009

Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oral cancer. Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent neck dissection to treat oral cancer were subjected for examination. The cervical node metastasis was evaluated by means of clinical examination, CT scan, PET, and histologic examination. By comparing the results of each examination modality with those of histologic examination, it's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined. Results: The oral cancer was more frequent in males with a ratio of 2.14:1. The sixth decade showed the highest incidence in age distribution with mean of $56{\pm}16$. Histologic findings showed that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (15 patients), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (3), malignant melanoma (2), and adenoid cystic carcinoma and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (1 each), in order. In most cases, wide surgical excision of the primary cancer and neck dissection was performed, followed by reconstruction with free flaps when necessary. When comparing the results of each examination modality with those of the histologic examination, clinical examination showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at 11%, 85%, 33%, and 58%, respectively. CT scans showed at 67%, 77%, 67%, and 77%, while $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT at 78%, 77%, 70%, and 83%, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that PET is more useful, compared with clinical examination and CT scans, in the evaluation of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oral cancer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.6329-6335
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• 2014

스트럿-타이 모델에서 절점 폭은 해석과 설계에서 중요하다. 그것은 트러스 유사 시스템에서 힘의 분포에 영향을 준다. 또한, 설계 코드를 만족시키기 위한 모든 스트럿 및 절점의 검증에도 영향을 미친다. 여기서 코드는 ACI-318 코드를 의미한다. 절점 폭을 결정하는 4가지 방법이 있다. 즉 1)유효 깊이를 보 높이의 0.9배로 가정하는 방법 2)모멘트 평형을 이용하는 방법 3)절점 폭을 380mm로 가정하는 방법 그리고 4)본 연구에서 제안된 방법이다. 106개의 파라미터 연구를 분석하였다. 그 결과 필요로 하는 총 강재량이 4가지 방법 모두 크게 차이가 나지 않기 때문에 가장 쉬운 방법으로 선택하는 것이 시간 절약 측면에서 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

센서 네트워크에서 데이터 저장소 기법은 해쉬 테이블을 기반으로 네트워크상의 센서노드들을 저장소로 간주한다. 센서노드들은 해쉬 테이블에서 추출된 노드에 데이터를 저장하며 질의를 전송하는 사용자들도 해쉬 테이블을 이용하여 원하는 데이터가 저장된 센서노드에 접근한다. 이러한 데이터 저장소 기법의 문제점들 중 하나는 데이터를 저장하는 노드에 질의가 집중될 경우 질의에 대한 응답시간이 길어질 수 있으며 부하집중으로 에너지가 빠르게 고갈되어 네트워크 수명이 단축될 수 있다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 적응적 지역 트라젝토리 기반의 데이터 저장소 (Data Centric Storage based on Adaptive Local Trajectory, ALT)기법을 제안한다. ALT기법에서는 데이터를 저장할 노드를 중심으로 트라젝토리를 형성하며 질의 빈도의 변화에 따라 적응적으로 트라젝토리 범위를 변화시킨다. 실험을 통하여 제안하는 ALT기법이 기존의 데이터 저장소 기법에 비해 질의 빈도에 따라 빠른 응답시간을 제공함을 보이며 질의처리를 위한 부하가 여러 노드로 분산됨을 보인다. 또한 이를 통하여 노드의 에너지 소모도 분산됨으로써 네트워크 수명을 연장할 수 있음을 설명한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1462-1470
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 클러스터 단위로 센서 노드의 키와 그룹키를 생성한 후 분배하는 KGDC(Key Generation and Distribution based on Cluster) 모듈과 이 키를 이용하여 시빌 공격과 웜홀 공격을 탐지할 수 있는 SWAD(Sybil & Wormhole Attack Detection) 모듈로 구성되는 SWAD-KNH(Sybil & Wormhole Attack Detection using Key, Neighbor list and Hop count) 기법을 제안한다. KGDC 모듈은 ECDH 알고리즘, 해시함수, 키 체인 기법을 이용하여 그룹키와 센서 노드의 키들을 생성하고 안전하게 배포한다. SWAD 모듈은 2단계 키 확인절차를 수행함으로써 시빌 공격 탐지를 강화시키고, 근원지와 목적지 노드의 공동이웃노드들의 수와 홉 카운트를 이용하여 웜홀 공격을 탐지한다. 그 결과 SWAD-KNH 기법은 시빌 공격 탐지율은 91.2%, 평균 FPR(False Positive Rate)은 3.82%이고, 그리고 웜홀 공격 탐지율은 90%, 평균 FPR(False Positive Rate)은 4.64%으로 평가되므로 시빌과 웜홀 공격 탐지율 및 시빌과 웜홀 공격 탐지의 신뢰성을 향상시켰다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the shape of gathered skirts using a three-dimensional measurement system. And in this experiment, I try to accumulate three-dimensional data of wearing model and to figure out analyzing method made by shape of clothes. The experimental design consists of two factorial designs. I set up three different kinds of fabrics, ratio of gathers. Therefore nine samples were made. The instrument and tools for three-dimensional measurement was whole body 3D scanner. Analysis program used in experiment is RapidForm 2004 PP1 and Pattern Design 2000. Data analysis utilizes SPSS WIN 10.0 Package. T-test to effect an inspection of evidence, there was difference about measurement times. One-way ANOVA to analysis effect of gather made by gathering conditions. The following results were obtained; 1. As a result of inspecting an error several times using a three-dimension measurement system, convinced data was obtained. 2. At front, distribution of gap amount was larger than back. And as ratio of gathers increased, distribution of gap amount showed regularly. 3. After analyzing horizontal sectional figure of skirts, as a height of skirt changed from waist to the bottom of skirts, the results showed as follows. While section width, section thickness, node width, node depth increased, node count decreased. 4. With the horizontal section levels of gather skirt, the silhouette on middle hip section was similar with the silhouette of body line. And as ratio of gathers around hip section increased, nodes showed regularly. At the bottom of skirts showed different nodes by different gathering condition.