• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2021

XML message brokers have a lot of importance because XML has become a practical standard for data exchange in many applications. Message brokers covered in this document store many users. This paper is a study of the processing of twig pattern queries in XML documents using branching node streams in XML message broker structures. This work is about query processing in XML documents, especially for query processing with XML twig patterns in the XML message broker structure and proposed a method to reduce query processing time when parsing documents with XML twig patterns by processing information. In this paper, the twig pattern query processing method of documents using the branching node stream removes the twigging value of the branch node that does not include the labeling value of the branch node stream when it receives a twig query from the client. In this paper, the leaf node discovery time can be reduced by reducing the navigation time of nodes in XML documents that are matched to leaf nodes in twig queries for client twig queries. Overall, the overall processing time to respond to queries is reduced, allowing for rapid question-answer processing.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2020

The pattern query in graph database has advantages of easy query expression and high query processing performance compared to relational database SQL. However, unlike the relational database, the graph database may not utilize the advantages of pattern query depending on modeling because the methodology for building the logical data model is not defined. In this study, in the is-a node modeling method that appears during the graph modeling process, we experiment that there is a difference in performance between graph pattern query when designing with a generalization model and designing with a specialization model. As a result of the experiment, it was shown that better performance can be obtained when the is-a node is designed as a specialization model. In addition, when writing a pattern query, we show that if a variable is bound to a node or edge, performance may be better than that of the variable of not bounded. The experimental results can be presented as an is-a node modeling method for pattern query and a graph query writing method in the graph database.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 1995

In order to compare cytologic findings ol breast carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology (FANC) with histologic findings and prognostic factors including histologic grading, lymph node metastasis and stage, 79 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma diagnosed by FANC and confirmed by histology were analysed. We especially attempted to col relate nuclear grade, cellularity and smear pattern with histologic grade, type, status of lymph node metastasis and stage. The results are as fellows. 1. High nuclear grade was correlated with high histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. 2. Individual cell pattern was more frequently identified in high histologic grade and scirrhous or solid-tubular type than in low histolgic grade and papillotubular type. 3. Cellularity increased with higher histologic grade and lymph node metastsis. However cellularity was low in scirrhous type. 4. There is no relationship between nuclear grade and histologic type, between smear pattern and lymph node metastasis or stage, and between cellularity and stage. These results suggest that cytologic findings of breast carcinoma such as nuclear grade, cellularity and smear pattern are indicative of histologic findings in relation to histolgic grade and type. Especially, nuclear grade of FANC may yield valuable prognostic information.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.3151-3154
• /
• 2013

Introduction: Colorectal cancers are in the top of the cancer-related causes of death in the world and lymph node metastasis is accepted as the primary prognostic factor. In this study, correlations of FGF19 staining pattern with local invasion and lymph node metastasis in a series of colorectal cancers were investigated. Methods: This studyincluded 81 colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery in our hospital with no evidence of preoperative radiological distant metastasis. Routine pathological examination of the resection material was performed in order to identify vascular, perineural and serosal infiltration, regional lymph node metastasis and the degree of differentiation. Tumor tissue samples were stained with an immunohistochemistry method for FGF 19 evaluation and the staining pattern was statistically compared with the above mentioned characteristics of the tumors. Results: The patient population consisted of 47 females and 34 males with a median age of 70 years. In 40 patients regional lymph nodes were positive and 51%, 32% and 38% had serosal, perineural and vascular invasion. While 64 cases were moderately-differentiated, 11 cases were well-differentiated and 6 poorlydifferentiated, there was no association with FGF 19 staining, including intensity. Conclusion: No evidence of significant statistically correlation was found between FGF 19 staining pattern and serosal, perineural, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement and degree of differentiation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.103-117
• /
• 2009

In MANET(Mobile Ad-Hoc Network), providing security to routing has been a significant issue recently. Existing studies, however, focused on either of secure routing or packet itself where malicious operations occur. In this paper, we propose SRPPnT(A Secure Routing Protocol in MANET based on Malicious Pattern of Node and Trust Level) that consider both malicious behavior on packet and secure routing. SRPPnT is identify the node where malicious activities occur for a specific time to compose trust levels for each node, and then to set up a routing path according to the trust level obtained. Therefore, SRPPnT is able to make efficient countermeasures against malicious operations. SRPPnT is based on AODV(Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing). The proposed SRPPnT, from results of the NS-2 network simulation. shows a more prompt and accurate finding of malicious nodes than previous protocols did, under the condition of decreased load of networks and route more securely.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.494-499
• /
• 1990

A new compact hierarchical representation method image is proposed. This method represents a binary image with the set of decimal numbers. Each decimal number represents the pattern of nonterminal node(gray node) in the quadtree. This pattern implies the combination of its four child nodes. The total number of gray nodes is one third of that terminal nodes. We show that gray tree method is efficient comparing with others which have been studied.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.4677-4681
• /
• 2014

Background: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of lymph node pathology among Saudi patients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from lymph node biopsy specimens received at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013. Results: Of the 289 lymph node biopsy specimens received, 154 (53.3%) were from males and 135 (46.7%) from females giving a male: female ratio of 1.14:1. Age of the patients ranged from 2.5 to 96 years with a mean age 33.9 years. The commonest lymph node group affected was the cervical (30.4%) followed by axillary (9.7%) and inguinal (8.7%). Malignant lymphoma [71 Hodgkin's disease (HD), 57 non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)] 128 (44.3%), reactive hyperplasia 68 (23.5%), and tuberculosis 41 (14.2%) were the common causes of lymph node enlargement. While HD, reactive hyperplasia and tuberculosis were commonest in young adult patients (10-29 years old) and rare above the age of 50 years; NHL was the predominant cause of lymph node enlargement above 50 years. Conclusions: Lymph node biopsy plays an important role in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Among the biopsied nodes, lymphomas were the most common (44.3%) followed by non-specific reactive hyperplasia (23.5%) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (14.2%).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 2012

Purpose: To assess independent prognostic factors for lymph node-negative metastatic gastric cancer patients following curative resection is valuable for more effective follow-up strategies. Materials and Methods: Among 1,874 gastric cancer patients who received curative resection, 967 patients were lymph node-negative. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients grouped by tumor invasion depth (early gastric cancer versus advanced gastric cancer) were explored with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of recurrence pattern between lymph node-negative and lymph nodepositive group. In the lymph node-negative group, the recurrence pattern differed by the depth of tumor invasion. In univariate analysis for overall survival of the early gastric cancer group, age, macroscopic appearance, histologic type, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen level were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis for these factors showed that venous invasion (hazard ratio, 6.695), age (${\geq}59$, hazard ratio, 2.882), and carcinoembryonic antigen level (${\geq}5$ ng/dl, hazard ratio, 3.938) were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis of advanced gastric cancer group showed that depth of tumor invasion (T2 versus T3, hazard ratio, 2.809), and age (hazard ratio, 2.319) were prognostic factors on overall survival. Conclusions: Based on our results, independent prognostic factors such as venous permeation, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and age, depth of tumor invasion on overall survival were different between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer group in lymph node-negative gastric cancer patients. Therefore, we are confident that our results will contribute to planning follow-up strategies.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 2004

Background and Objectives: Neck metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in treating tonsillar cancer. Incidence and pattern of lymph node metastasis of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma are the basic knowledge of treatment decision. Occult metastasis rate of tonsillar cancer and pattern of metastasis, failure pattern, survival were retrospectively analyzed. Patients and Methods: Seventy six patients who underwent surgery for tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma as an initial treatment from 1992 to 2004 were evaluated. Charts, imaging studies and pathologic reports were reviewed. Results: At the time of surgery, 78% of patients with tonsillar cancer had neck metastasis and 66% had multiple node metastasis. Occult neck metastasis was in 26%. There was high incidence of neck metastasis even in early stage of primary lesion. Conclusion: High incidence of lymph node metastasis was confirmed histopathologically in tonsillar cancer. All tonsillar cancer patients may need elective treatment of the neck. Tonsillar cancer had relatively good prognosis even though its neck metastasis rate is very high.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2019

Purpose: We evaluated failure pattern and treatment outcomes of observational approach on regional lymph node (LN) in cutaneous melanoma of extremities and sought to find clinico-pathologic factors related to LN metastases. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 73 patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities between 2005 and 2016. If preoperative 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings were non-specific for regional LNs, surgical resection of primary tumors with adequate margins was performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and/or complete lymph node dissection (CLND), irrespective of tumor thickness or size. In patients with suspicious or positive findings on PET/CT or CT, SLNB followed by CLND or CLND was performed at the discretion of the surgeon. We defined LN dissection (LND) as SLNB and/or CLND. Results: With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 6 to 138 months), the dominant pattern of failure was regional failure (17 of total 23 events, 74%) in the observation group (n = 56). Pathologic LN metastases were significant factor for poor regional failure-free survival (hazard ration [HR] = 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-10.33; p = 0.044) and overall survival (HR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.02-12.94; p = 0.047) in multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis for cN0 patients according to the preoperative PET/CT findings, LND group showed the better trend of LRFFS (log rank test, p = 0.192) and RFFS (p = 0.310), although which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: Observational approach on regional LNs on the basis of the PET/CT in patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities showed the dominant regional failure pattern compared to upfront LND approach. To reveal regional lymph node status, SLND for cN0 patients may of importance in managing cutaneous melanoma patients.