• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

In this study, the status and characteristics of fine dust and its impact on neighboring areas were investigated to proactively respond to the government's environmental regulations expected in the future and to minimize the damage by the fine dust generated at construction waste intermediate treatment plants. In addition, since there are no such plants that can affect the surroundings with no houses or other waste treatment sites nearby, an independently located construction waste intermediate treatment plant was selected to compare the characteristics of fine dust with that from the construction waste intermediate treatment sites located in the downtown area. The conclusions of the study are as follows. (1) The measurement results of PM10 at 4 points in the plant showed that the location where the crushing facility was operating had an elevated level of fine dust at 80㎍/m³ on average and a maximum of 124㎍/m³, and the level rose to 110㎍/m³ at points where vehicles frequent. (2) The PM2.5 measurement results inside the plant showed that the average concentration of the reference point was 16㎍/m³ and the maximum value was 20㎍/m³, which was distributed within the management standard. (3) It was found that the average concentration of PM10 in the nearby area ranged from 28 to 38㎍/m³, which was similar to or lower than 36㎍/m³ of the reference point. Therefore, the concentration of the fine dust generated in the plant had a negligible effect on the increase in concentration of fine dust in nearby areas. (4) The heavy metal contents were measured from the filter paper collected from the plant. The PM10 was found to be about 14 to 26ng/m³, and PM 2.5 was 25 to 28ng/m³, which was the average of domestic atmospheric concentrations. (5) The SEM-EDX analysis results showed that the PM10 contained Si and O around 40% similarly for both. The SiO2, a component of silica occupied the most and C was present as CaCO3, which was assumed to be a limestone component. The remaining components included NaO, Al2O3, and CaO as trace oxides. (6) The SEM-EDX analysis results showed that the PM 2.5 contained 5 to 7% of Cl, which is a chlorine ion, and a small amount of K was detected at 2.51% in the sample from the shutdown plant.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2004

Nitrate removal was examined from May to October 2003 of a surface flow treatment wetland cell, which was a part of a treatment wetland system composed of four wetland cells and a distribution pond The system was established on rice paddy near the Kohung Estuarine Lake located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Effluent from a secondary-level night soil treatment plant was funneled into the system. The investigated cell, 87 m in length and 14 m in width, was created in April 2003. An open water was designed at its center, which was equivalent to 10 percent of its total area. Cattails (Typha angustifolia) were transplanted from natural wetlands into the cell and their stems were cut at about 40cm height from their bottom ends. Average $25.0\;m^3/day$ of effluent from the treatment plant was funneled into the cell by gravity flow and average $24.1\;m^3/day$ of its treated effluent was discharged into the Sinyang Stream flowing into the lake. Its water depth was maintained about 0.2 m and its hydraulic detention time averaged 5.2 days. Average height of the cattail stems was 42.5 cm in May 2M3 and 117.7 cm in September 2003. The number of stems averaged $9.5\;stems/m^2$ in May 2003 and $16.4\;stems/m^2$ in September 2003. The growth of cattails was good. Temperature of influent and effluent averaged 25.9 and $26.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. $NO_3$-N loading rate of influent and effluent averaged 176.67 and $88.09\;mg/m^2\;day$, respectively. Removal of rf03-N averaged $89.58\;mg/m^2\;day$ and its removal rate by mass was about 50%. Considering its initial operating stage in which cattail rhizomes and litter layer on the bottom were not Idly established, the $NO_3$-N removal rate of the cell was rather good.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.344-352
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to identify the water temperature and sound environment of oviposition sites of the Huanren brown frog (Rana huanrensis), which breeds in valleys in early spring. The study was conducted in Chiak National Park, central Korea, between March 23 and April 24, 2015. Correlation analysis of the physical factors of oviposition sites revealed that the number of egg clutches was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the water temperature and negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the sound volume of the oviposition sites. However, no correlation was found between clutch number and the total area or depth of water. The water temperature of the oviposition sites was $2.2^{\circ}C$ higher on average than that of the mainstream (p < 0.001). To avoid the low early spring temperatures, R. huanrensis spawned in sites with accumulated water, in which the depths were less than 10cm and the temperature was relatively high. Further, eggs were spawned in clusters in small spaces to maximize the thermal insulation effect. In terms of noise levels, oviposition sites were found to be 6.9 dB quieter than the mainstream (p<0.001). In conclusion, R. huanrensis was found to spawn in warm, quiet, and small oviposition sites in valleys to avoid low early spring temperatures and loud water noise. This study is significant because it is the first to characterize the sound environment of amphibian oviposition sites.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2015

This study relates to an investigation into semi-dry manufacturing process of BP sludge based on non-heating production method. In this study, we conducted a research into reduction of water content ratio which arose from mixture of BP by-products of high water content ratio(50% or higher) with industrial by-products to use such BP by-products as construction materials in large quantity. We measured the reduction rate of water content ratio at the feeding ratio of water content reduction agent(1:0.5) in BP by-products. The results showed that water content ratio was the lowest with 18.5% in the mixture of PA+CFA(1:0.5). Moreover, water content ratio ranged between approximately 9.2% and 11.4% at the age of 1 day to 2 days at the aging temperature of $20-30^{\circ}C$, suggesting that the water content ratio was in the range within 10% which was a level suitable for use as construction material in this study. Meanwhile, we compared and evaluated the physical properties of non-heated BP by-products based on post-aging pulverization method. The results showed that there was no significant difference, depending on pulverization method. When production efficiency and economic feasibility were taken into consideration, it was found desirable to use fine particle pulverizer or pin mill enabling continuous production.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

The rapid urbanization caused drastic temperature changes in Korea. Excessive urbanization and development result in unpredictable and abnormal climate change all over the world. These changes are reflected in Korean government policy and research about cities, such that various research endeavors have been undergone recently. There are lots of ways to improve the urban environment; the easiest way to solve the urban heat effect problem is to make green spaces within the city. Even though we can't enlarge green spaces over the city limitlessly, it is desperately need for a methodology to efficiently create green space in limited area. Based on awareness of issues as mentioned earlier, we would like to propose landscaping method that can increase thermal comfort in the same area. For this study, simulating the change of temperature, mean radiant temperature, PMV were done due to number of species planted in apartment complex. To increase the reliability of the simulation, first above all, field measurement for temperature change was performed in apartment complex, where residential building are arranged in the form of ㄷ. And based on this data, Envi-met simulation was performed varying 1-7 kinds of species divided by grass, shrubs, arbor (deciduous, conifers) planted in apartment complex. As a result, there was a change less than $1^{\circ}C$ with the increasing number of species in daytime, but the average radiation temperature about $6-7^{\circ}C$ was reduced. In addition, PMV index was improved by more than 0.5 point. Thermal comfort indicator improved significantly depending on the number of species during the day, on the other hand, there were no significant changes at night. As a consequence, this study has shown that not single-species planting but mixed planting varied the number of species would improve the thermal comfort in the same area of landscaping space at daytime.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.395-406
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• 2015

The Ballast Water Treatment System was developed to prevent the unintended transport of unwanted organisms from one region to another as demanded by the IMO (International Maritime Organization). Although various types of BWTS in the world have been developed until now and applied to various ships, there has been no systematic basis for its selection and installation. Currently, the system selection and installation are as per ship owner’s suggestion or by easy installation point of view by the shipyard. In order to organize, systemize and solve problems related to the selection and installation of BWTS, a definitive study has been performed to come up with the best alternative to derive value and criteria which were to be met for vessels which are to be equipped with BWTS. Multiple criteria were compared alongside each other during the course of this study. Accordingly an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis method for A, B and C companies were done for container ships with size 10,000 TEU and above. Equipment type for “A” company is “Filter, UV & TiO2” combined type. For “B” company it is “Filter & UV” combined type. Finally for “C” company it is “Electrolysis” type. Henceforth, the results of this study aims to come up with the optimum way to select the best and the most suitable BWTS for a certain vessel.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.667-674
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• 2013

Improving the earthquake resistance of buildings through seismic retrofitting using steel braces can result in brittle failure at the connection between the brace and the building, as well as buckling failure of the braces. This paper proposes a new seismic retrofit methodology combined with glass fiber sheet (GFS) and non-compression X-brace system using carbon fiber (CFXB) for reinforced concrete buildings damaged in earthquakes. The GFS is used to improve the ductility of columns damaged in earthquake. The CFXB consists of carbon fiber bracing and anchors, to replace the conventional steel bracing and bolt connection. This paper reports the seismic resistance of a reinforced concrete frame strengthened using the GFS-CFXB system. Cyclic loading tests were carried out, and the hysteresis of the lateral load-drift relations as well as ductility capacities were investigated. Carbon fiber is less rigid than the conventional materials used for seismic retrofitting, resulting in some significant advantages: the strength of the structure increased markedly with the use of CF X-bracing, and no buckling failure of the bracing was observed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2003

Today in Korea, various types of B2B or B2C businesses are carried out on the Internet and the catalog information is the molt important factor to make customers purchase the product. However, no case can be found where information is shared between the business partners, more specifically, each catalog supplier possesses data that are incompatible with others. Though the e-business market has rapidly expanded, it is still difficult for businesses to attract buyers unless an integrated system is provided for more fast and convenient B2B businesses. Such a systematic and integrated catalog system is highly demanded along with current database management system Therefore, this study suggests the E-Catalog system consists of a fixed and standardized catalog system offering product information and a network-based architecture offering products to customers through a search system. The proposed system also supports CRM (Customer Relation Management).

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.489-498
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• 2021

Objective: Milk production is one of the most desirable traits in livestock. Recently, the toll-like receptor (TLR) has been identified as a candidate gene for milk traits in cows. So far, there is no information concerning the contribution of this gene in milk traits in sheep. This study was designed to investigate the TLR 4 gene polymorphisms in Barki ewes in Egypt and then correlate that with milk traits in order to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for these traits in sheep. Methods: A part of the ovine TLR 4 gene was amplified in Barki ewes, to identify the SNPs. Consequently; Barki ewes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol. These genotypes were correlated with milk traits, which were the daily milk yield (DMY), protein percentage (PP), fat percentage (FP), lactose percentage, and total solid percentage (TSP). Results: Age and parity of the ewe had a significant effect (p<0.05 or p<0.01) on DMY, FP, and TSP. The direct sequencing identified a missense mutation located in the coding sequence of the gene (rs592076818; c.1710C>A) and was predicted to change the amino acid sequence of the resulted protein (p.Asn570Lys). The association analyses suggested a significant effect (p<0.05) of the TLR genotype on the FP and PP, while the DMY tended to be influenced as well (p = 0.07). Interestingly, the presence of the G allele tended to increase the DMY (+40.5 g/d) and significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) decreased the FP (-1.11%), PP (-1.21%), and TSP (-7.98%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a candidate gene to improve milk traits in sheep worldwide, which will enhance the ability to understand the genetic architecture of genes underlying SNPs that affect such traits.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.689-706
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• 2024

This study is aimed at identifying structural element stiffness influence on vertical earthquake response of mid-rise R/C frame buildings. To this aim, a mid-rise RC building structure is designed as per the new Turkish Seismic Code for Buildings-2018, and 3D FE model of the building is established. Based on the established FE model, a total number of six buildings are considered depending on certain percentage increase in beam, slab, and column. The time-history response analyses (THA) are performed separately for only horizontal (H) and horizontal +vertical (H+V) earthquake motions to make a comparison between the load cases. The analysis results are presented comparatively in terms of the monitoring parameters of the base overturning moment (M_o), the top-story lateral displacement (d_L) and the top-story vertical displacement (d_V). The obtained results reveal that the base overturning moment and the top-story vertical displacement are affected by vertical earthquake motion regardless of the increase in the dimension of beam, slab, and column. However, vertical earthquake motion is not effective on the top-story lateral displacement due to no change between H and H+V load. The dimensional increase in either slab or beam leads to a considerable increase in the base overturning moment and the top-story vertical displacement while causing decrease in the top-story lateral displacement. In addition, the dimensional increase in column has a positive effect on the decrease in the monitoring parameters of the base overturning moment (M_o), the top-story lateral displacement (d_L) and the top-story vertical displacement (d_V).