• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2007

Shoe's size and shape are determined by the last that takes shape of foot because last is the mold of shoe in development and manufacturing process. Then adaptation between foot and shoe is dependent on the last. In mass shoe production, model size is developed in the first place, other sized lasts are made through the grading process based on model size. The most important factor in grading system is grading deviation that must be same amount induced from foot measuring database. At present, most of the last manufacturing companies in korea using 260mm as a standard foot model size. When length grading deviation is 5mm, the ball girth grading deviation is 3.7mm and the ball width grading deviation is 1.2mm. I verified existing grading system by comparing grading results with foot measuring data. Also, I proposed reasonable grading deviation and application method of grading system. From the analysis of foot measuring database, reasonable grading deviations are 1.22mm in ball width and 0.84mm in ankle height in case of length grading deviation is 5mm. I confirmed that the current grading system is very accurate. When we grade last from 230mm to 290mm by current grading system based on model size 260mm, there is grading error over 1mm in the front outside area of foot. This error level of 1mm is no problem in normal walking shoe's last, but it induces adaptation problems in sports and special purposed shoe's last. Therefore using of three standard model size is recommended in grading men's last for reducing grading deviation error under the level of 1mm. It is specifically described as 235mm in 225-245mm, 260mm in 250-270mm, 285mm in 275-295mm. According to the above recommended grading system, it is enough to measure only three foot sizes in case of foot measuring project for men's last development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.11
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• pp.5-30
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• 1987

This thesis attempts to contribute to analyze the methods of pattern grading which is in common fashion in America and Japan and to make the foundation for the basic technique of pattern grading fitting to Korean body shape. There are two types in pattern grading. The results are as follows: 1) The pattern grading according to body shape contains A, B, C, D, F, and G. A is suitable for the bulging part of a body and F is the most suitable for the general part of a body. 2) The pattern grading not depending on body shape has no relation to the quantity of grading in the size of a body but includes silhouettes or design details. The standards of its methods are as follows: a) by the part of body b) by the balance of whole pattern c) by adjusting to the mutual balance of besign details.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.470-479
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• 2010

In this study, the visual grading based on the visual characteristics and structural timber bending test were conducted for domestic yellow poplar dimension lumber. Structural performance of domestic yellow poplar dimension lumber was conducted through the evaluation of strength and stiffness. Visual grading rule of yellow poplar dimension lumber did not exist in Korea. Visual grading of yellow poplar dimension lumber was performed according to the NSLB (Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau) standard grading rules including several hardwood dimension lumber. The allowable bending stress was calculated from the results of a visual grading. Compared with NDS (National Design Specification), the yellow poplar dimension lumber showed enough strength for structural uses. In addition, the visual grading was performed according to the KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute) grading rule to calculated allowable bending stress and to evaluated the feasibility. The yellow poplar was classified into the pine groups by the KFRI criteria regulated by specific gravity. Allowable bending stress based on weibull distribution had became highly than KFRI criteria, as No. 1 (10.0 MPa), No. 2 (7.4 MPa) and No. 3 (4.1 MPa). And the availability of yellow poplar dimension lumber for structural uses had been confirmed. The Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of domestic yellow poplar dimension lumber had not met the NDS and KFRI criteria. However, for the use of domestic yellow poplar, average values of MOE which obtained through this test were suggested as design value for domestic yellow poplar. Design values were supposed No. 1, 2 (9,000 MPa) and No. 3 (8,000 MPa).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was to observe clinical application of auto-microneedle therapy system (AMTS) in patients with peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : 27 peripheral facial paralysis patients were observed after taking AMTS at Facial Palsy Center, Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital from March 1, 2011 to January 9, 2012. We assessed the symptoms of facial paralysis with Yanagihara unweighted grading system, Sunnybrook facial grading system(SBGS) and facial disability index(FDI), and observed adverse events and total safety of the treatment. Results : The scores of facial palsy scales increased after AMTS in Yanagihara grading system and Sunnybrook facial grading system. AMTS-related adverse events were mild pain(5.9%) and fatigue(3.5%), which needed no extra treatment. The total safety evaluation was between 'safe' and 'nearly safe' level. There were no other serious adverse events. In addition, patients were satisfied with subjective improvement including facial tingling and numbness. Conclusions : AMTS can be applied as an adjunctive treatment for patients with peripheral facial paralysis due to its safety and clinical usefulness. It is easier to stimulate wide skin area in a short time. Further clinical research is required to investigate the effectiveness of ATMS in a more rigorous RCTs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.53-64
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• 2004

Objective: This study was to evaluate the influence of stress on Peripheral Facial Paralysis during the complex traditional korean medical treatment. Methods: We investigated 41 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis who were given the complex traditional korean medical treatment. one group had stress as main factor, the other group didn't it. we evaluated the treatment effect of each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System. Results : 1. In age, sex, lesion, duration of disease, frequency of treatment, duration of treatment, we found that two groups have no significant differences. 2. Pain back of the ear showed the highest frequency in symptoms at onset. 3. Boyangwhanotang showed the highest frequency in oriental herb medicine treatment. 4. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 2weeks was marked more higher than score before treatment and treatment score after final treatment was more higher than treatment score after 2weeks on each groups. 5. After final treatment, Non-stress group had signficant result on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with stress group. Conclusion : These results suggested that patient with Non-stress group should be get better than stress group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We investigated 34 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis. We flip a coin and divide into two groups. Electroacupuncture was performed at one group, and the other group didn't do it. we evaluated the treatment effect of each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System. Results : 1. In Pain back of the ear, we found that two groups have no significant differences. 2. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 2weeks was marked higher than that before treatment and treatment score after 4weeks treatment was higher than treatment score after 2weeks within each group. 3. After 4weeks treatment, electroacupuncture group showed significant difference on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with acupuncture group. Conclusion : These results suggested that electroacupuncture treatment should be more effective in the patient with peripheral facial paralysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2004

Juveniles of parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) were graded and divided into three groups (mean initial size): Small group $(32.9\pm3.2\;g),$ Large group $(130.1\pm12.3\;g)$ and Ungraded group $(74.8\pm29.8\;g).$ Growth and sex ratio were monitored over 3 years. It was concluded that no production advantage was gained by weight grading. There were no differences when the pooled data from the two graded groups were compared with the ungraded group, although mean weight and survival of the large group were continuously higher than those of other groups until the end of rearing period. The highest percentage of males was found in the large group. These results show that males start growing faster than females long before the size grading.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.278-282
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• 2013

This study was performed in 41 dogs with unilateral or bilateral medial patella luxation (MPL) and/or cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). These dogs were classified into 4 groups according to MPL grading system. Radiographic evaluation was performed for pelvis and stifle joint in the dogs. Norberg, inclination, quadriceps and femoral varus angle were measured and analyzed with MPL grading and the existence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The Norberg and inclination angle showed no differences between 4 grading groups and between CCLR and no CCLR groups. However, quadriceps and femoral varus angle were statistically different between grade 1, 2 and grade 3, 4 groups. They also have shown the statistical difference between CCLR and no CCLR group. Further studies for how these parameters affect the prognosis and the results of surgical treatment of MPL should be needed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.186-195
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• 2021

In Korea, groundwater quality is monitored through National Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network (NGQMN) administered by Ministry of Environment. For a given contaminant, compliance to groundwater quality standards is assessed on a annual basis by monitoring the number of incidents that concentration exceeds the regulatory limit. However, this approach provides only a fractional information about groundwater quality degradation, and more crucial information such as location and severity of the contamination cannot be obtained. For better groundwater quality management on a watershed, a more spatially informative and intuitive method is required. This study presents two statistical methods to convert point-wise monitoring data into information on groundwater quality status of a watershed by using a proposed grading scale. The proposed grading system is based on readily available reference standards that classify the water quality into 4 grades. The methods were evaluated with NO₃^-, Cl^-, and total coliform data in Geum River basin. The analyses revealed that groundwater in most watersheds of Geum River basin is good for domestic or/and drinking with no treatment. But, there was notable quality degradation in Bunam seawall and So-oak downstream standard watersheds contaminated by NO₃^- and Cl^-, respectively.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates the improvement of rationalization of distribution structure in Korean diamond market. It also explores the international distribution of diamond and how the distribution of Korean diamond market system was improved. This study also for providing the evaluation method in case of purchasing diamond on the consumers. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The research investigates how international diamond distribution market has been changed since 1933 by De Beers. The international Diamond rough stone has been deregulated in supply and demand by Debeers since July, 2000, therefore, the price maintenance policy of diamond market also has been changed. In the short term, the diamond price in market has been down, whereas, in the long term, the market share of Debeers has affected the high quality of diamond price in world market. Before 1985, both G color and VVS1 clarity were used as the level of percentages in the diamond certificate of authenticity in Korea. But, after 1985, the diamond certificate of authenticity uses Diamond Grading Report. Results - Between the 1970's and 1980's, Debeers had controlled about 80 percentages of international diamond supply market. But, Debeers share in diamond market fell by 60 percentages in 2000's. Debeers supplied 31%(4390 carets) of international diamond supply and 41%(39 billion dollars) in 2003. However, Debeers shares 50% of market shares in the diamond supply market by Alosa in Russia. In Korea, the diamond grading report system has been used since 1985. But, the diamond grading report system has price bubbles and much irrational parts in grading system methods. Conclusions - 4C, the grading system of diamond, is a method for comparing and evaluating diamond objectively. Diamond is graded according to its color, cut, clarity, and carat. The price of diamond is determined based on its each item. Consumers purchase diamond for the purpose of investment and wearing. In terms of investment, it is recommended to purchase diamond with color of D grade, cut with Excellent or Very Good Cut grade, Clarity of FL or IF, and more than 3 carat. As for wearing purpose, it is highly recommended for diamond to have color of F or G grade, cut of Excellent or Very Good Cut, clarity of VS2 or SI1, and more than 1 carat Before 2000, Central Selling Organization(CSO) distributed about 80 percentages rough diamond to world market exclusively by purchase, classification, assessment, and sales. After 2000, Dbeers diamond company looses slowly market shares, while Almosa diamond company etc. in Russia are taking over world market shares more and more. Debeers market shares have been falling over the years, and the international diamond markets are gradually growing by other international diamond companies. But, there is no change in Korean diamond market after 1980's. Korean diamond distribution needs to follow international level of Diamond Grading System. By using different grading systems with different panel members, Korean diamond grading system needs to follow international perfect grading systems to grow diamond markets and maintain within top 10 diamond markets countries.