• Title/Summary/Keyword: Nitrogen release

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Effects of Applying Slow-Release Fertilizer on Southern Type Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cultivation (난지형 마늘 재배 시 완효성 비료 시용효과)

  • Song, Yeon Sang;Choi, In Hu;Chung, Byeong Choon;Choi, Won yul
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.471-475
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    • 2001
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow-release fertilizer on warm type garlic cultivation in the Southwestern region of Korea. The slow-release fertilizers used were UF(Urea-Formaldehydes)70, 100, 130, CDU(Crotonylidene Diurea)100, and IBDU(Isobuty- lidene Diurea)100. The slow-release fertilizer treatment slightly increased plant height, leaf sheath diameter, and leaf number compare with conventional fertilizer treatment. Also, large bulb rate, nitrogen and pyruvic acid contents of garlic in slow-release fertilizer plot were higher than other treatments. Application of slow-release fertilizer increased the commercial yields.

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Characteristics of Concentration by Slow Release Fertilizer in Paddy Plots (완효성비료 시비구에서의 농도특성(지역환경 \circled3))

  • 이종진;김진수;오승영;이철원;윤춘경
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.605-610
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    • 2000
  • The effect of slow release fertilizer application on ponded and percolation water in paddies were evaluated at the experimental plots during irrigation period. We laid out three experimental plots such as standard, 100% slow-release and 80% slow-release. For ponded water, the concentrations of T-N in slow-release plots slowly increase after fertilizing and decrease slowly. The concentration of COD in percolated water was independent of the type of plots. Amount of nitrogen uptake of rice plant in a standard plot was highest at the middle or end of July and was higher than the other plots.

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Effects of Polyurethane Coated Urea Supplement on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Ammonia Release Dynamics and Lactating Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows Fed a Steam-flaked Corn-based Diet

  • Xin, H.S.;Schaefer, D.M.;Liu, Q.P.;Axe, D.E.;Meng, Q.X.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.491-500
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    • 2010
  • Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of polyurethane coated urea on in vitro ruminal fermentation, ammonia release dynamics and lactating performance of Holstein dairy cows fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. In Exp. 1, a dual-flow continuous culture was run to investigate the effect of polyurethane coated urea on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial efficiency. Three treatment diets with isonitrogenous contents (13.0% CP) were prepared: i) feedgrade urea (FGU) diet; ii) polyurethane coated urea (PCU) diet; and iii) isolated soy protein (ISP) diet. Each of the diets consisted of 40% steam-flaked corn meal, 58.5% forages and 1.5% different sources of nitrogen. PCU and FGU diets had significantly lower digestibility of NDF and ADF (p<0.01) than the ISP diet. Nitrogen source had no significant effect (p = 0.62) on CP digestibility. The microbial efficiency (expressed as grams of microbial N/kg organic matter truly digested (OMTD)) in vitro of the PCU diet (13.0 g N/kg OMTD) was significantly higher than the FGU diet (11.3 g N/kg OMTD), but comparable with the ISP diet (14.7 g N/kg OMTD). Exp. 2, an in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment, was conducted to determine the ammonia release dynamics during an 8 h ruminal fermentation. Three treatment diets were based on steam-flaked corn diets commonly fed to lactating cows in China, in which FGU, PCU or soybean meal (SBM) was added to provide 10% of total dietary N. In vitro $NH_3-N$ concentrations were lower (p<0.05) for the PCU diet than the FGU diet, but similar to that for the SBM diet at all time points. In Exp. 3, a lactation trial was performed using 24 lactating Holstein cows to compare the lactating performance and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations when cows were fed PCU, FGU and SBM diets. Cows consuming the PCU diet had approximately 12.8% more (p = 0.02) dietary dry matter intake than those consuming the FGU diet. Cows fed the PCU diet had higher milk protein content (3.16% vs. 2.94%) and lower milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration (13.0 mg/dl vs. 14.4 mg/dl) than those fed the FGU diet. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was significantly lower for cows fed the PCU (16.7 mg/dl) and SBM (16.4 mg/dl) diets than the FGU (18.7 mg/dl) diet. Cows fed the PCU diet had less surplus ruminal N than those fed the FGU diet and produced a comparable lactation performance to the SBM diet, suggesting that polyurethane coated urea can partially substitute soybean meal in the dairy cow diet without impairing lactation performance.

Reduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Livestock Waste A Major Priority for Intensive Animal Production - Review -

  • Yano, F.;Nakajima, T.;Matsuda, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.651-656
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    • 1999
  • In current animal production in Japan, a large surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus is given to animals as their feed which are mostly imported from outside of our own country. Today, an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure has been spread out of the area of animal production and the surroundings. These components have become the major reason for eutrophication of ground, surface and inland water. Nutritional studies for the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal waste has been done by many researchers. The reduction of excess protein in animal feed and the supplementation of deficient essential amino acids to feed have a possibility to increase the biological value of feed and to reduce nitrogen excretion, especially, via urine. The use of phytase activity to degrade phytate and to release utilizable inorganic phosphorus make it possible to cut an excess supply of feed additive inorganic phosphorus and to reduce phosphorus excretion from animal waste.

Analysis and Evaluation of Lake Sediment

  • Hwang, Jong-Yeon;Han, Eui-Jung;Kim, Tae-Keun;Yu, Soon-Ju;Yoon, Young-Sam;Chung, Yang-Soon
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to estimate interrelation between characteristics of sediment and nutrient releare from sediment in Dae-cheong lake. For the investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong lake. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosity of sediment, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(TKN), content of element(H, N, C), nutrient release rate. Water content and porosity were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size. And weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentration of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. Release rate of nutrients which has direct influenced upon the water quality were 0.05-8.63mg-$P/m^2{\cdot}day$ and 4.99-36.56mg-$N/m^2{\cdot}day$. And it was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling than in the 2nd sampling. And for determination of the humus level of sediment, carbon and nitrogen content were measured by using elemental analyzer. Generally, C/N ratio is used to determine humus level of lake sediment. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of 7.64~11.55, so humus level of Dae-cheong lake sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligohumic state.

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A study on the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Reactor Configuration in Intermittently Aerated Activated Sludge System (간헐폭기 활성슬러지 시스템에서 반응조 형태에 따른 질소 및 인의 동시제거 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Won-Ho;Seo, In-Seok;Kim, Kwang-Yul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.106-114
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    • 1998
  • In this research, single-, two- and four-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system were investigated for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus with swine wastewater. For the comparison of removal efficiency, conventional activated sludge system was operated. Operational conditions of intermittently aerated activated sludge system were SRT 20day, HRT 24hr and aeration/nonaeration time 1hr/1hr, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in Intermittently aerated activated sludge system was upgraded compare with conventional activated sludge system. In single-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system, release-uptake of $PO_4^{3-}-P$ was observed very well but, phosphosrus removal in effluent was not effective. In single-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system, release-uptake of $PO_4^{3-}-P$ in first reactor, was observed very well but, in following reactor, $PO_4^{3-}-P$ concentation showed almost no change. T-N removal efficiency in conventional activated sludge system, single-, two-, and four-stage intermittently aerated activated sludge system were 48, 87, 90.9 and 95.5%, respectively, and phosphorus removal efficiency were 48, 75, 97 and 95%, respectively. Intermittently aerated activated sludge system as a alternative processes of conventional system leads to meet satisfactory effleunt with only on/off aeration regulation and save energy for aeration.

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Comparison of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal Characteristics between A2/O and Modified Phostrip Processes (A2/O공정과 수정 Phostrip공정과의 질소 및 인제거 특성비교)

  • Kim, Kwang-Soo;Kim, I-Tai
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.664-668
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    • 2005
  • An experimental study for the comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies between $A^2/O$ and modified Phostrip (M-Phostrip process) were carried out with bench-scale reactors. In case of nitrogen removal efficiencies both of processes showed similar ones when influent organic loadings were high. However, M-phostrip process was more effective than $A^2/O$ at low organic loadings. This is why M-phostrip process consumes the whole mass of influent organics as a carbon sources for denitrification in anoxic reactor but the anoxic reactor of $A^2/O$ process utilizes the residual carbon followed by consumming a part of influent carbon for phosphorus release in anaerobic reactor. $A^2/O$ process required the influent COD/T-P and COD/TKN ratios were more than 56 and 10, respectively, to take place the phosphorus release in anaerobic process and phosphorus uptake in oxic process. However, the luxury uptake of phosphorus in M-phostrip process was not affected by influent COD/T-P and COD/TKN ratios and the adverse effect of nitrate in return sludge introduced to the p-stripper from the 2nd clarifier was not significant due to the configurational advantage of the p-stripper.

Evaluation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Delivery Characteristics of Chogang Stream Sediments (초강천의 퇴적물 분석을 이용한 총인 및 질소의 유달 특성 평가)

  • Kang, Seon-Hong;Seo, Dong-il
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 1997
  • To estimate the nutrients delivery characteristics of Chogang stream to Keum River, sediment and soil characteristics were analyzed in the stream and in the stream bank. Along the stream, soil samples from river sediment were collected and tested monthly for phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. Nitrogen concentration in the sediment is much lower than that of soil in the river bank especially in summer presumably due to the high desorption characteristics of nitrogen by the increasing rainfall energy during summer. Instead, the concentrations of phosphorus were similar for the sediment and the soil in the river bank due to the strong adsorption characteristics of phosphorus. Batch tests were performed to evaluate the desorption potential of the sediments. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied to quantify soil erosion in each watershed due to rainfall. It was estimated that approximately 25% of total phosphorus by mass basis could be released from the sediment if the water was disturbed vigorously. The mass load of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Chogang Stream from the watershed were evaluated from the USLE and release ratio of phosphorus.

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Blood profile test of sustained release formula of implantable bovine somatotropin in steers (비육우에서 이식형 bovine somatotropin 지속성 제형의 blood profile test)

  • Kim, Nam Joong
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2009
  • The present study was carried out to examine the sustained release effect of the implantable bovine somatotropin (SRI-BST) formula. In the blood profile test in steers, the bovine somatotropin concentration in serum by radioimmunoassay showed the peak concentration on the first day after the implantation of the SRI-BST formula, and concentration proceeded for 5 days (p < 0.05). The insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration showed the peak concentration on the seventh day after implantation of the SRIF-BST formula, and concentration proceeded for 10 days (p < 0.05). The glucose showed the peak concentration on the first day after implantation of the SRI-BST formula, and concentration continued for 3 days (p < 0.05). The blood urea nitrogen showed the lowest concentration on the third day after implantation of the SRI-BST formula, and concentration continued for 7 days (p < 0.05). These results proved that the SRIF-BST formula was the sustained release effects in steers.

Effects of Fermented Leachate of Food Waste (FLFW) and Temperature on Nutrient Removal in Sequencing Batch Reactor

  • Roh, Sung-Hee;Chun, Young-Nam;Lee, Sook-Young;Cheong, Hyeon-Sook;Lee, Jae-Wook;Kim, Sun-Il
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.155-161
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    • 2008
  • This study examined effects of the fermented leachate of food waste (FLFW) on nitrogen and phosphorous removal for domestic wastewater containing a low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). When the FLFW was not supplied in the process, release of phosphorus and excessive intake was not observed at both anaerobic and aerobic stages. On the other hand, when the FLFW was gradually added, active release of phosphorus and intake of phosphorus was noticed at an anaerobic stage and aerobic stage, respectively, resulting in improved phosphorus removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was increased from 75% and 37% (R-1, control test) to 97% and 80% (R-4, the highest substrate ratio test), respectively. In addition, although activity of the nitrogen oxidizing microorganisms was reduced when the reaction temperature was decreased to $10^{\circ}C$, the phosphorus removal efficiency was shown to increase with the addition of FLFW, indicating an independence from temperature. Overall, this study suggests that an efficient nutrients removal process can be successfully employed into a SBR when the FLFW is added to a wastewater which has a low C/N ratio.