• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.363-368
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• 2009

To fulfill the increasing demand for a high quality of flower, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth, yield and bioactive compounds of Chrysanthemum indicum L.. C. indicum L. was cultivated in a pot scale, and nitrogen applied with the level of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150), 200 (N200) and $300\;(N300)\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. Phosphate and potassium applied the same amount of $80-80\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ ($P_2O_5-K_2O$) in all treatments. Growth characteristics and yields of C. indicum L. were significantly affected by nitrogen application. Maximum yield achieved in 265 and $295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower parts, respectively. The nitrogen content and uptake of whole plant significantly increased by the increase of nitrogen application. Five major components of essential oil, $\alpha$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, chrysanthenone, germacrene-D, and $\alpha$-curcumene in flowerheads of C. indicum L. occupied approximately 40% of peak area, germacrene-D decreased by the increase of nitrogen application among them. However, cumambrin A contents in the flower parts of C. indicum L. were affected negatively by the increase of nitrogen application, but total yields of cumambrin A in flower part significantly increased. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase the yield of flowerheads. The optimum application level of nitrogen fertilizer might be on the range of $265-295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2015

It is well known that dietary protein affects the growth performance and carcass composition of poultry. Over the last several decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate to optimize the level of dietary protein since the protein is an important and expensive constituent in poultry feed. It is generally accepted that dietary protein should represent a balance of amino acids supporting the requirements for growth and maintenance of birds. A protein with balanced essential amino acids that matches a bird's requirement and sufficient non-essential amino acid nitrogen to enable the synthesis of all of the non-essential amino acids, is referred to as an 'ideal protein'. Feeding of excess protein or amino acids may result in an amount of nitrogen emission. Most common method to reduce nitrogen emission is using diet formulation which has lower dietary crude protein level and higher concentration of amino acid supplements. However, there are conflicting reports whether low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids can obtain the growth performance equal to high protein diets. Excessive nitrogen excretion caused by amino acid imbalance also may influence the environment of poultry house due to ammonia production from uric acid. These environmental conditions may increase the incidence of skin problem or respiratory diseases of chickens. Various strategies based on comprehensive understanding should be tested to optimize nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen emission while maintaining the performance in poultry production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2022

An appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer input during rice cultivation is essential for rice growth, quality control, and reduction of greenhouse gases in paddy fields. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that can check whether an appropriate amount of fertilizer is applied in paddy fields. In this study, we tried to derive a method for diagnosing nitrogen fertilization level using spectroscopic diagnosis, physiological analysis, and molecular indicator genes. Nitrogen fertilization treatment was performed in a greenhouse by dividing into five treatment conditions: no fertilization (N0), low fertilization (N0.5), standard fertilization (N1.0), excessive fertilization (N1.5), and double fertilization (N2.0), respectively. Growth characteristics analysis was investigated by nitrogen fertilization conditions and growth stages, and the height of the canopy was analyzed using a laser scanner. Physiological and spectroscopic analyses were performed by analyzing chlorophyll and sugar contents and measuring SPAD and leaf spectrometer on rice leaves. In addition, real-time PCR experiment was performed to check the relative expression levels of several known nitrogen metabolism related genes. These results suggest that spectroscopic techniques can be helpful in diagnosing the level of nitrogen fertilization in rice paddy fields.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary levels on protein metabolism in eight healthy Korean adult females. The 20-day metabolic study consisted of 2 day adaptation period and three 6-day experimental. Three experimental diets were low protein (LP : protein 44g), high protein(HP : protein 85g) and high animal protein (HAP : protein-84g). The apparent absorption and balance on nitrogen were significantly higher in high protein than in low protein diet. Nitrogen, absorption rate was about 75% for low protein and about 85% for high protein intake. The mean values of nitrogen balance were -1.28% for low protein and 0.78% for high protein diet. All the subjects were in negative nitrogen balance at the low protein intake while they were in positive nitrogen balance at the high protein intake. The mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion increased with increased level of protein intake. Urea nitrogen was the largest part of the urinary nitrogen. The ratio of urea nitrogen to total urinary nitrogen increased significantly for 79 to 85% as protein intake was doubled.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1978

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Panax ginseng on the metabolism of nonprotein nitrogen compounds in rabbit blood. After rabbits were administered with ginseng powder orally for 30 days or with ginseng extract intraperitoneally for 10 days, the blood was collected from portal and ear vein to measure ammonia, urea, creatinine and nonprotein nitrogen. The blood ammonia level in ear vein of control rabbits was $87.0{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/100ml$ and was not significantly different from that of rabbits which were administered with ginseng powder orally or with ginseng extract intraperitoneally. But oral administration of ginseng powder produced a great decrease in ammonia level of portal vein from 1,392 to $704{\mu}g$ per 100ml, suggesting that intestinal ammonia production is suppressed by ginseng powder due to its antimicrobial activity. While there was no significant difference between the control and the rabbits which were administered with ginseng extract intraperitoneally. Ginseng administration had no effect on the creatinine level in blood from ear and portal vein, except the intraperitoneal injection of ginseng extract. It slightly lowered the creatinine level only in ear vein blood. The values of urea and nonprotein nitrogen were net affected by the administration of ginseng.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2006

This study was to verity that the uptake inhibition and accumulation of nitrogen in different potassium levels. Lettuce was used as model plant in this study and grown in pot of 10cm's in diameter and depth with mixture media of vermiculite and perlite under supply of different culture solution for three weeks. Nitrogen absorption at root was inhibited by increased potassium concentration in nutrient solution, and nitrate accumulation of plant was depended on absorption of nitrogen because nitrate content of 0 K level was 4-5 times higher than that of 2 K level, Concentration of ascorbic acid was decreased by increasing the nitrogen absorption, since ascorbic acid (AsA) content of 2K level was higher than those of OK level in both of old leaf and flesh leaf.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to establish the optimum nitrogen application level for oriental melon at Seong-ju Fruit Vegetable Experiment Station with a fertigation system. Four different levels of nitrogen fertigation were applied to oriental melon and growth of the plant was analyzed. Plant samples were collected 8 times and were analyzed by the standard methods. The first fertigation was applied at 10 days after transplanting for the oriental melon based on the growth rates of the plants. For oriental melon, 10 day interval fertigation and 8 time split application of fertilizer could be recommended. The amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer recommended by soil testing was 249-408-315 (kg $ha^{-1}$). Treatment levels were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times of soil testing nitrogen with P and K level fixed. The total nitrogen (T-N) content in dried leaf showed a tendency to increase until 30 days after transplanting, then decreased. T-N content increased with increasing nitrogen fertigation rates. T-N content in dried fruit decreased slightly during the whole growing season. Fresh weight and nitrogen uptake were increased with increasing nitrogen fertigation rates. Total yield and marketable yield, 44,550 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 42,880 kg $ha^{-1}$, were maximized at 0.5 times of soil test nitrogen. Ratio of marketable fruit, 95%, was the highest at 0.5 times of soil test nitrogen. The optimum level of nitrogen for fertigation system was 0.5 times soil test nitrogen judging from total yield, commodity yield and commodity fruit.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1992

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on the agronomic characteristics, nutritive value and forage yield of spring oat(Avena sativa L.). This experiment was undertaken over a period of 2 months from September to November, 1987. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Increased seeding rates of 120, 160 and 200kg/ha decreased emergence rates by 93.4, 71.4 and 70.6 %, respectively(P<0.05). Tillering was decreased by higher seeding rates(P<0.05) and that of 120kg/ha of seeding rate with 200kg/ha of nitrogen fertilization level was highest by 3.3. Among three seeding rates, tillering of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilization level was lowest by 2.1. Leaf width was influenced by seeding rates. When seeding rate was increased, narrow leaf width (P

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.514-520
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• 1996

To clarify the proper nitrogen application level for rasing rice infant seedling under different nursery soil, Dongjinbyeo was raised at seedling box with different basal nitrogen level. The results are as follows. The higher the nitrogen level was, the lower emergence rate and the lower establishment rate. The establishment rate was less than 90%, when the nitrogen was more than 2g/box in hill soil and more than 1g/box in paddy soil. The more the nitrogen level was, the higher the seedling height in hill soil, but was higher in the order of N-2, 3, 1 and 0g /box. Leaf number wasn't significantly different between nusery soils and among nitrogen levels when seedling was raised more than 6 days. The endosperm survival rate was decreased as the increased nitrogen level, but wasn't different between the nursery soils. Amount of root was decreased as the increased nitrogen level in paddy soil, but was heavier in the order of N-1, 0, 2 and 3g /box in hill soil. Mat formation was better as the nitrogen level was decreased in all nursery soils. Considering the emergence rate, seedling charactors and mat formation, the proper nitrogen levels seemed to be 2g /box for hill soil and 1g /box for paddy soil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.967-973
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• 2000

A metabolism trial was conducted with 28 Najdi rams allocated into seven dietary groups to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Salicornia bigelovii Torr biomass on nutrient digestibility, rumina I fluid metabolites and nitrogen and mineral balances. Either the stems (ST) or spikes (SP) of this seawater-irrigated halophyte were incorporated into complete diets at rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, replacing equal amounts of rhodesgrass hay in a ground mixed control diet. Digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NFE and fecal and urinary nitrogen were not affected by increased level of ST in the diet. As level of ST increased from 0 to 20% in the diets, CP digestibility and nitrogen retention approached their maximum (p<0.01), whereas CF digestibility reached its minimum (p<0.01). On the other hand, except for EE, digestion of all nutrients and nitrogen retention were linearly depressed (p<0.01) as SP increased in the diets from 10 to 30% level. Concentration of ammonia-N, total VFA and pH values in the rumen fluid were lower (p<0.01) with the ST- or SP-fed diets than with the control diet. Increasing level of ST or SP in the diet was associated with an increase (p<0.01) in the proportion of acetate and a decline (p<0.01) in molar percentage of propionate in the ruminal fluid. Sodium absorption increased (p<0.01) with increased ST and SP in the diets up to the 10 and 20% level, respectively, followed by constant absorption values up to the 30% level. When the level of ST in the diet gradually increased to 30%, a concomitant increased (p<0:01) in Ca and P absorption were obvious; whereas, increased level of SP in the diets from 0 to 30% resulted in noticeable (p<0.01) depression in Ca and P apparent absorption.