• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to know whether leaf nitrate can be a substitute of total leaf N to justify plant N status and how nitrate influences macro elements uptake and physiological parameters of tomato plants under different nitrogen levels. Leaf nitrate content decreased in low N, while showed similar value with the control in high N, ranging from 55 to $70mg\;g^{-1}$. Differences in nitrate supply led to nitrate-dependent increases in macro elements, particularly cations, while gradual decrease in P. Physiological parameters, photosynthesis rates and antioxidants, greatly responded in N deficient conditions rather than high N, which didn't show any significant differences compared the control. Considering nitrogen forms and physiological parameters, total-N in tomato plants represented positive relation with growth (shoot dry weight), nitrate and $CO_2$ assimilation, whereas negative relation with lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on the concentration of energy metabolite in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty rats were fed a vitamin B6 deficient diet(-B6) or a control diet(+B6) for 5 weeks and then subdivided into 3 groups respectively ; base group, one day diabetic group and three day diabetic group. Diabetes of rats were induced by streptozotocin injection into the tail vein. Glucose, glycogen, protein, alanine, triglyceride and free fatty acids were compared in plasma, liver skeletal muscle of rats. Also, the total urinary nitrogen and glucose excretion were compared. Compared with +B6 rats, the increase of plasma glucose in -B6 rats due to the diabetes was smaller. After diabetes was induced, the level of plasma alamine was not changed in -B6 rats while increased significantly(p<0.05) in +B6 rats. The increase of urinary nitrogen excretion was smaller and the increase of muscle protein was larger in -B6 rats at the first day diabetes was induced. The levels of plasma free fatty acid and liver triglyceride were significantly (p<0.05) higher in -B6 rats after diabetes was induced. These results suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency may impair the adaptation of animals to the energy metabolism related due to a decrease of the body protein catabolism of fatty acid oxidation in diabetes and aggravate fatty liver which is one of the chronic complications of diabetes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.689-694
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• 2016

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of either L-methionine (L-Met) or DL-methionine (DL-Met) to diets of starter pigs on nitrogen (N) balance, metabolism, and serum amino acid profile. Eighteen crossbred ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) barrows weighing $15.45{\pm}0.88kg$ were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets with 6 pigs per treatment. The diets included a basal diet (Met-deficient diet) containing 0.24% standardized ileal digestibility Met with all other essential nutrients meeting the pig's requirements. The other two diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 0.12% DL-Met or L-Met. The experiment lasted for 18 days, consisting of a 13-day adaptation period to the diets followed by a 5-day experimental period. Pigs were fed ad libitum and free access to water throughout the experiment. Results showed that the supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met improved N retention, and serum methionine concentration, and decreased N excretion compared with basal diet (p<0.01). The N retention of pigs fed diets supplemented with the same inclusion levels of DL-Met or L-Met were not different (p>0.05). In conclusion, on equimolar basis DL-Met and L-Met are equally bioavailable as Met sources for starter pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1995

Effects of environmental factors of N, P, pH, moisture, temperature and oxygen on growth and nitrogen fixation activity of kummerowia striate (Thunb.) Schindler seedling, bearing symbiotic root nodules, were quantitatively analyzed during the growing period. The specific nitrogenase activity (ARA) of nodules showed the maximum value of 187 μmol C₂H₄g fr wt-1 h-1 6 weeks after seeds were germinated. The total nitrogenase activities per plant attained as 1.56, 0.85, 0.09 and 4.0, 1.11, 0.04 μmol C₂H₄hr-1, respectively for the treatments of 1, 3 and 5 mM NO₃￣and NH₄＋ on the 60th day. While the plant grown in N-free media for 20 days after treatments of 5 mM NH₄+for 40 days resulted in 30 mg fr wt of nodule formation and exhibited the relative activities of 152％ and 162％ for total and specific ARA in comparison with those of control plant grown with N-free for 60 days. Total biomass and ARA was by 70％ and 86％ lower in N and P deficiency, respectively. The N and P deficient plot showed 70％ and 86％ decreases of total biomass and ARA in comparison with those of control. The plant grown with N-free for 20 days after pretreatment with N and P free media for 40 days showed the relative values of 77％, 118％ and 150％, respectively for nodule biomass, total and specific ARA in comparison with those of control. The treatment with acid or alkali gradients resulted in significant decreases of nodule biomass and ARA. The optimum temperature and pO₂for ARA were 30°C and 40 kPa, respectively. Two peaks of diurnal variation appeared at 11:00 and 23:00 o'clocks by the continuous light condition. The plants with water stress by temporary wilting point rsulted in 95~97％ inhibition for nodule respiration, transpiration and specific ARA. Transpiration and ARA ware recovered to 88％ and 38％ of those of water unstressed plants, respectively, 6 hours after the plants were rewatered from water stressed condition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2011

Long-term continuous application of livestock by-products to agricultural land may adversely affect the soil characteristics and the crop yield. Five year term study from 2007 was carried out to assess the effects of repeated application of low-concentration swine slurry on soil chemical properties including phosphate and heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three application rates of low-concentration swine slurry (Slurry composting and biofiltration, SCB): 50%, 100%, and 200% of recommended nitrogen fertilization. For swine slurry treatment of 50% nitrogen, deficient nitrogen was supplemented with urea fertilizer. The soil phosphorus and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Repeated application of the swine slurry alone for five years resulted in relatively high soil exchangeable potassium and sodium compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of tomato and cucumber did not show significant difference among treatments. Yields of the crops for the swine slurry were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results imply that continuous application of the swine slurry may not influence levels of soil phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils but could accumulate potassium and sodium in the soil.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1996

Histopathological changes of gills and caudal fins isolated from fishes, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, and Hernibarbus labeo, which were killed by oxygen deficiency or toxic chemicals, were studied. The toxic chemicals were HCl, NaOH, chloroform, benzene, heavy metals(Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Hg), and o-dichlorobenzene. The exposure level was enough to kill the fishes within 30 minutes. Oxygen deficient water was prepared by aeration of nitrogen gas and the oxygen concentration was less than l ppm. Cryocutting was used for the rapid preparation of tissue slides and the tissues were stained by hematoxylin/eosin. In the fishes killed by hazardous chemicals, congestion and/or hyperplasia of secondary lamella and erosion of fin were found as the major histopathological changes. Whereas, these characteristics were not observed in gills or caudal fins of fishes killed by oxygen deficiency. These different bioindications appeared in the fishes killed by toxic substances or natural causes, can be used for the rapid identification of the causes of fish kills.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of soil moisture content on the growth of tobacco plant at early stage after transplanting. Soil moisture was controlled to be 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% of the maximum water holding capacity (38.7%), and treated for 10, 20 and 30 days. Budding flowering and topping were delayed in the 30% and 45% treatment where soil moisture was deficient. Plant height, number of leaves, and length and width of the largest leaf were the best in the 75% treatment for 10 days, and development of the root and top was the best also in the same treatment. As the duration of low soil moisture treatment prolonged, intercellular space , became small. Nitrogen and potassium of the cured leaf showed the highest value in 30% and 45% treatments. Nicotine content of the cured leaf was high in the 90% treatment, and reducing sugar content of that was high in the 75% treatment for 10 days.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1992

50개의 폴리프로필렌 실관과 3개의 테르폰 실관으로 구성된 실관반응기에서 Saccharomyces cerevisiae효모를 이용하여 알콜의 연속 생산을 연구하였다. 생산된$CO_2$는 테프론 실관으로 내어 보냈고 과잉효모 세포는 shell-side를 통하여 제거하였다. Shell-side 부피를 기준으로 세포농도는 266g/L였고 알콜 생산성은 205g/L를 얻었다. 질소 결핍배지를 사용했을 경우 생산성이 너무 낮아 실제 응용할 가치는 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1580-1586
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to compare the bioefficacy of L-lysine sulfate relative to L-lysine${\cdot}$HCl for 10 to 20 kg pigs. Two experiments were conducted to determine the bioefficacy of the two sources of lysine using daily gain, feed conversion, plasma urea nitrogen and nitrogen retention as the response criteria. In experiment 1, 168 crossbred barrows ($Landrace{\times}Large$ White), weaned at $28{\pm}3$ d ($9.07{\pm}0.78$kg body weight), were allotted to one of seven dietary treatments in a $2{\times}3$ (two lysine $sources{\times}three $ lysine levels) factorial arrangement of treatments with an added negative control treatment group. The basal diet was based on corn, peanut meal and soybean meal and provided 0.67% lysine. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3% lysine equivalents supplied from either L-lysine sulfate or L-lysine${\cdot}$HCl. Each treatment was fed to six pens of pigs with four pigs per pen. The trial lasted 21 days. The relative bioefficacy value of lysine in L-lysine sulfate using daily gain, feed conversion and plasma urea nitrogen as response criteria was 1.01, 1.05 and 1.04 of the lysine in L-lysine${\cdot}$HCl, respectively. In experiment 2, 42 crossbred ($Landrace{\times}Large$ White) pigs ($16.03{\pm}1.58$ kg body weight) were housed in stainless steel metabolism cages for 10 d and fed the seven diets used in the nitrogen-balance trial. The relative bioefficacy value of L-lysine sulfate was estimated to be 0.95 as effective as L-lysine${\cdot}$HCl for nitrogen retention on an equimolar basis. The t-test analysis revealed that bioefficacy of lysine in L-lysine sulfate was not significantly different from lysine in L-lysine${\cdot}$HCl, which was set at 1.00. In conclusion, L-lysine sulfate can be used instead of L-lysine${\cdot}$HCl to fortify lysine-deficient diets fed to 10 to 20 kg pigs.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2007

본 연구는 질소원 결핍 배지에서 배양되어 in vitro 실험상에서 항균 활력이 있는 것으로 증명된 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물을 질소원 공급 배지와 비교하여 육계의 증체, 사료 섭취량, 영양소 이용율, 유해 가스 생산 및 분내 미생물 균총 변화 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 시행되었다. 총 168수 2일령 육계를 7 처리구(대조구, 질소원 공급 배지에서 자란 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물(NAOF) 0.05, 0.1, 0.5%, 질소원 결핍 배지에서 자란 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물(NNAOF) 0.05, 0.1, 0.5%에 배치하였다. 본 실험 결과 Aspergillus oryzae 첨가로 사료의 기호성이 증가되었으며, Aspergillus oryzae 배양시 질소원 결핍 처리는 일반적인 배양 방법에 비하여 증체와 사료 기호성에 더욱 효과적으로 작용하였다. 영양소 소화율은 질소원 처리 구간의 유의적 차이는 없었지만, 대조구에 비하여 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물을 첨가시에 영양소의 소화율이 전반적으로 향상되었는데, 이러한 결과는 육계의 소장 및 대장의 pH 조절에 관여하고 유익균의 생장을 촉진하며, 유해균의 증식을 억제할 수 있는 효소나 대사산물이 분비되어 긍정적으로 작용하여 사료의 기호성 및 영양소의 소화율을 증진시킨 결과라고 추정할 수 있다. 처리에 따른 분내 총균수 변화는 유의적(p<0.05)인 차이를 보였으며, 균수는 NNAOF>NAOF>대조구순으로 나타났다. E. coli와 살모넬라에서는 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 현저하게(p<0.05) 감소되었고, 특히 NNAOP 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 분내 암모니아 가스 발생량을 조사한 결과, 실험실적으로 검사할 수 있는 발생량은 대조구>NAOF>NNAOF 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 NNAOF을 이용한 육계 생산은 생산성 향상과 더불어 환경 오염을 예방할 수 있는 방법임을 시사하므로 더욱 심도있는 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.