• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

Adsorption of polymeric flocculants and dry strength agents onto the surface of papermaking fibers is critical for their effective utilization since the polymeric substances not adsorbed on fibers or fines keep recirculating in the papermaking system to cause various operational difficulties and loss of raw materials. Problems associated with the unadsorbed polymeric substances generate great attention because unprecedent interests in utilization of recycled papers and papermaking system closure. In this study, to understand the effects of recycling on the adsorption propensity of cationic polyacryamide (PAM) dry strength resin onto hardwood bleached kraft pulp fibers and fines a systematic approach was followed. Never dried bleached hardwood kraft pulp was recycled in two different ways. In mode one recycling experiment never dried pulp was beaten then recycled three times by employing simple drying and disintegrating steps. In mode two recycling experiment beating of the recycled pulp was carried out after each recycling step. Adsorption of cationic PAM on fibers and fines was evaluated employing Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis method. The influence of recycling on water retention value, carboxyl content, sheet density and tensile strength of the pulp was examined. As the number of recycling increased, water retention value of the fiber was reduced due to hornification and this in turn caused a decrease in adsorption of cationic PAM. On the other hand, the carboxyl content of the recycled fibers increased because of the oxidation of fibers occurred during drying, and this caused an increase in adsorption of cationic PAM. Because of these two opposing factors the adsorption of the cationic PAM on the recycled fibers decreased and then increased slightly at third recycling step. Increase of PAM adsorption, however, did not provide did not provide and strength improvement for the recycled pulp fibers indicating greater influence of the honification on interfiber bonding.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2023

Two carbonaceous adsorbents CAT and CARBOPAL were tested for reducing the concentration of the three herbicides in water: 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), TCP (2,4,6-trichlorophenol) and metolachlor. Textural and chemical characterization of the adsorbents include nitrogen isotherms, FTIR, titration and thermogravimetric analyses. Adsorption was studied in discontinuous adsorption experiments at different pH values. The experimental adsorption isotherms data were fitted to four theoretical models. Adsorbent characterization reveals that CAT has higher micropore area, lower pore diameter and lower acidity than CARBOPAL. The adsorption is a second-order process and the isotherms best fitted to Sips model. The efficiency of the process depends mainly on the charge of the adsorbate for TCP and 2,4-D, but it depends on the charge of the surface for metolachlor. Adsorption capacity is higher on CAT for 2,4-D and TCP (small molecules), and it is higher on CARBOPAL for metolachlor (large molecules). Theoretical calculations clearly support this assumption.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2007

In this study, the effect of metal treatment on granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated in the context of phenol adsorption. Cobalt(II) nitrate, and zinc(II) nitrate solution were used for metal treated. The specific surface area and the pore structure were evaluated from nitrogen adsorption data at 77 K. The phenol adsorption rates onto GAC were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Iodine adsorption capacity of Co-GAC is much better then that of the GAC. The Co-GAC with mesopore is more efficient than other adsorbents for the adsorption of polymer such as methyleneblue. The adsorption capacity of reference-GAC and metal-GAC were increased in order of Co-GAC>Zn-GAC>Reference-GAC, in spite of a decrease in specific surface area which was resulted from pore blocking by metal.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.775-778
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• 2012

The potential energy surfaces of ammonia molecule adsorptions on the symmetrically chlorinated Si(100)-$2{\times}1$ surface were explored with SIMOMM:MP2/6-31G(d). It was found that the initial nucleophilic attack by ammonia nitrogen to the surface Si forms a $S_N2$ type transition state, which eventually leads to an HCl molecular desorption. The second ammonia molecule adsorption requires much less reaction barrier, which can be rationalized by the surface cooperative effect. In general, it was shown that the surface Si-Cl bonds can be easily subjected to the substitution reactions by ammonia molecules yielding symmetric surface Si-$NH_2$ bonds, which can be a good initial template for subsequent surface chemical modifications. The ammonia adsorptions are in general more facile than the corresponding water adsorption, since ammonia is better nucleophile.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2007

The surface roughness of Al, Ag and Ni nano-powders which were prepared by pulsed wire evaporation method was quantified based upon the fractal theory. The surface fractal dimensions of metal nano-powders were determined from the linear relationship between In $V/V_{mono}$ and Inln ($P^o/P$) using multi-layer gas adsorption theory. Moreover, the fractal surface image was realized by computer simulation. The relationship between preparation condition and surface characteristics of metal nano-powders was discussed in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 1990

Fibrous adsorbents containing amidoxime group which make chelate complexes with uranyl ions are studied for the recovery of uranium from sea water. Acrylic fibers are used as base Polymer. The adsorption properties of uranium are carried out to examine pH effect, concen-tration dependence, adsorption rate, separation, and chelate complex. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Metal capacity of U (VI) ion is in the range of pH $2\~10.2$. Amidoxime group-containing fiber recover U (VI) ions existed in sea water or waste water in extremely small quantities. 3. Using amidoxime group-containing fiber Cu (II) and U (VI) are separated with each other in dilute nitric acid solution (pH 2.3). 4. U (VI) chelate complexes are conformed by tridendate ligands, which are coordinated with one nitrogen and two oxygens onto amidoxime group-containing fiber.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.392-398
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the bio-adsorption using modified zeolite with Mg (Mg-zeolite) in the dyeing wastewater treatment. Mg-zeolite adsorbed successfully 100% of the color, suspended solid (SS). chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the dyeing wastewater at the following optimal Mg-zeolite loading: 20 mg/L for colour, SS, TN and TP, 30 mg/L for BOD and COD. These results indicated that the amount of 1 mg/L Mg-zeolite adsorbed 11.6 mg/L for color, 9.5 mg/L for SS, 45.0 mg/L for COD, 12.7 mg/L for BOD, 0.91 mg/L for TP and 2.25 mg/L for TN. The bio-adsorbent, Mg-zeolite, can be a promising adsorption due to its high efficiency and low dose requirements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 1995

The adsorption and decomposition of NO on a stepped Pt(111) surface have been studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. NO adsorbs molecularly in two different states of the terrace and the step, which are distinguishable in thermal desorption spectra. NO dissociates via a bent species at the step sites on the basis of vibrational spectrum data reported previously. The dissociation of NO is an activation process : the activation energy is estimated to be about 2 kcal/mol. Increase in the NO dissociation with adsorption temperature is explained by a process controlled by diffusion of the dissociated atomic nitrogen from the step to the terrace of the surface. In addition to NO and N2, the desorption peak of N2O is observed. We conclude that the formation of N2O is attributed to surface reaction of NO and N adsorbed on the surface.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.727-736
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• 2006

Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been identified as a best available technology (BAT) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for removal disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) were used to investigate four types of carbon (F400, Norit1240, Norit40S, and Aquasorb1500) for their affinity to absorb natural organic matter (NOM). DOC, $UV_{254}$, and Total dissolved nitrogen (TON) concentrations were measured in the column effluent to track GAC breakthrough. DOC and $UV_{254}$ breakthrough occurred at around 3500 bed volumes (BVs) of operation for all GACs investigated. The $UV_{254}$ breakthrough curves showed 33% to 48% at 8000 BVs, when the DOC was 48% to 65%. All GACs showed greater removal in DOC than $UV_{254}$. The NORIT1240 GAC was determined to have the highest adsorption capacity for DOC and $UV_{254}$. The removal of nitrate (NOTN) had not broken through over BVs. The initial TON breakthrough curves were started around 50%, when the DOC breakthrough was only 10 % at 500 BVs. The curves were gradually increased after 3500 BVs and approximately 69% through 81% of TON breakthrough occurred at 8000 BVs. All of the GACs were able to remove TON, in the case of this investigation the majority of the TON was present as DON. Because nitrate nitrogen was seldom removed and ammonium nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) was not detected in the effluent from RSSCTs even though raw water. The carbon usage rate of DOC was from 2 to 6 times less than that of TON. The NORIT1240 GAC demonstrated the best performance in terms of DOC removal, while the F400 GAC was best in terms of TON removal. Excitation emission matrix(EEM) analysis was used to show that GAC adsorption successfully removed most of Humic-like DOC and Fulvic-like DOCs. However, soluble microbial product(SMP)-like DOC in the absence of raw water were detected in the NORIT40S and Aquasorb1500 GAC. The authors assumed that this results is due probably to the part of GAC in the RSSCT which was converted into biological activated carbon(BAC). To compare with organics removal by GAC according to preloading, the virgin GACs had readily accessible sites that were adsorbed DOC more rapidly than preloaded GACs, but the TDN removal had not showed differences between those GACs.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2005

The structure of nitrogen adsorption complex of fully dehydrated $Cd^{2+}$ ion exchanged zeolite-X, $|Cd_{46}(N)_{18}|[Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}]$, was determined in the cubic space group $Fd\overline{3}$ at 21(1) $^{\circ}C$ [a = 24.863(4) ] by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing steam of 0.05 M aqueous solution $Cd(NO_3)_2$ : $Cd(O_2CCH_3)_2$ = 1:1 for five days, followed by dehydration at $500^{\circ}C$ and $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Tor. for two days, and exposured to 100 Tor. zeolitically dry nitrogen gas at 21(1) $^{\circ}C$. The structure was determined in atmosphere, and was refined within $F_0$ > $4{\sigma}(F_0)$ using reflection for which the final error can appear in indices $R_1$ = 0.097 and $wR_2$ = 0.150. In this structure, $Cd^{2+}$ ions occupied four crystallographic sites. Nine $Cd^{2+}$ ions filled the octahedral site I at the centers of hexagonal prisms (Cd-O = 2.452(16) ${\AA}$). Eight $Cd^{2+}$ ions filled site I' (Cd-O = 2.324(19) ${\AA}$). The remaining 29 $Cd^{2+}$ ions are found at two nonequivalent sites II (in the supercages) with occupancy of 11 and 18 ions. Each of these $Cd^{2+}$ ions coordinated to three framework oxygens, either at 2.159(15) or 2.147(14) ${\AA}$, respectively. Eighteen nitrogen molecules were adsorbed per unit cell and three per supercage.