• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.250-250
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• 2002

This study confirmed that white rot fungus Irpex lacteus was able to metabolize 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with two different initial transformations. In one metabolic pathway of TNT a nitro group was removed from the aromatic ring of TNT. Hydride-Meisenheimer complexes of TNT (H/sup -/-TNT), colored dark redo were confirmed as the intermediate in this transformation by comparison with the synthetic compounds. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene as a following metabolic product was detected, and nitrite produced by denitration of $H^-$-TNT supported this transformation. In the other TNT pathway, nitro groups in TNT were successively reduced to amino groups via hydroxylamines. Hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluenes and amino-dinitrotoluenes were identified as the intermediates. The activity of a membrane-associated aromatic nitroreductase was detected in the cell-free extract of I. lacteus. This enzyme catalyzed the nitro group reduction of TNT with NADPH as a cofactor, Enzyme activity was not observed in the presence of molecular oxygen.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.397-403
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• 1999

The present study examined the effect of a methanol extract of Evodiae Fructus on the cardiovascular function in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME)-induced hypertensive Wistar rats after treatment over 6 weeks. In rats treated with NAME, blood pressure, weight of heart, aorta media thickness and media/lumen ratio significantly (p<0.05) increased, whereas coronary flow and heart rate of isolated heart significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared with control group at 6 weeks. In rats treated with NAME and Evodiae Fructus, blood pressure, aorta media/lumen ratio significantly(p<0.05) decreased compared with NAME treated group at 6 weeks. These results suggest that Evodiae Fructus is applicable to the treatment of hypertension and vascular hypertrophy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.3009-3014
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• 2014

A palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation reaction of nitroimidazoles and nitropyrazoles was developed using aryl bromides as arene donors. The electron-withdrawing effect of the nitro group allows for direct C-H arylation reactions of the nitro diazoles with high regioselectivity under mild conditions. The new C-H arylation approach is thus complementary to nucleophilic substitution reactions, enabling the preparation of complex nitroazole compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2000

This study confirmed that white rot fungus Irpex lacteus was able to metabolize 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with two different initial transformations. In one metabolic pathway of TNT a nitro group was removed from the aromatic ring of TNT. Hydride-Meisenheimer complexes of TNT (H$\^$-/-TNT), colored dark redo were confirmed as the intermediate in this transformation by comparison with the synthetic compounds. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene as a following metabolic product was detected, and nitrite produced by denitration of H$\^$-/-TNT supported this transformation. In the other TNT pathway, nitro groups in TNT were successively reduced to amino groups via hydroxylamines. Hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluenes and amino-dinitrotoluenes were identified as the intermediates. The activity of a membrane-associated aromatic nitroreductase was detected in the cell-free extract of I. lacteus. This enzyme catalyzed the nitro group reduction of TNT with NADPH as a cofactor, Enzyme activity was not observed in the presence of molecular oxygen.

• 생약학회지
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• 제2호2호
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• pp.83-86
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• 1971

Tropane alkaloid 에 관한 Vitali 반응을 온도변화에 따라 실험한 결과 저온에서는 먼저 p 위치에서 nitro 화한 후 nitro 기의 강한 전자인력(電子引力)에 의하여 쉽게 ester의 가수분해가 진행하면서 산화당하여 p-nitrobenioic acid가 생성되었다. 그러나 고온인 $140^{\circ}$에서는 pyrolytic 에스텔분해가 먼저 일어난 후 nitro 화함으로서 2, 4-diritrobenzoic acid 와 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid 가 생성되었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.212-214
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• 2004

In this study, we fabricated the organic thin film by self-assembly method by using nitro-group and methoxy-group organic molecule. Also, we selected the organic single molecule in organic thin film and measured current-voltage characteristics by using scanning tunneling microscopy. The Organic molecules that use in an experiment is 4,4'-(diethynylphenyl)-2'-nitro-1-benzen ethiol and 4-[2,5-dimethoxy-4-ph enylethynylphenyl]ethynylphenylethanthiol. 4,4'-(dimet hynylphenyl)-2'-nitro-1-benzenethiol is applied widely in molecular electronic device and 4-[2,5-dime thoxy-4-phenylethynylphenyl]ethynylphenylethanthiol composed in Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. To be confirmed the formation of the self-assembled monolayers, we observed the real time frequency shift of the QCM and investigated surface of the self-assembled monolayers the using STM. With this, we measured current to the organic single molecule, in condition of the air state. As a result, we confirmed in constant voltage that properties of negative differential resistance. Using properties of negative differential resistance to get from this study, application is expected to be molecular switching device, memory device and logic device.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.363-367
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• 1974

니트릴, 니트로 및 할로겐과 같은 작용기 하나를 가지는 유기화합물과 이들의 작용기 하나와 더불어 카르보닐기를 가지는 10개 유기화합물의 에테르용액을 실온에서 알칼리성 수소화붕소나트륨용액에 작용시키는 2액상환원의 대략적인 반응속도와 화학량적 관계를 알아보았다. 니트릴, 니트로 및 할로겐은 2액상환원 조건하에서는 모두 반응하지 않았다. 따라서 이들 작용기 하나와 카르보닐기를 함께 가지고 있는 화합물들의 선택환원을 알아보았다. m-니트로벤즈알데히드, m-니트로아세트페논, p-시아노벤즈알데히드는 해당 알코올로 잘 환원되었으며 95∼100% 수득률을 얻었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1991

랫드에서 속박 및 침수 스트레스에 의한 위궤양이 MNNG(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine)의 위발암과정에 어떠한 영향이 있는지 알아보기 위하여 본 실험을 실시 하였다. 1 군은 시험시작 8시간 전에 스트레스를 가한 후 MNNG를 투여하였으며, 2군은 MNNG를 음수 투여한 후 MNNG에 의한 위발암 기간 중 촉진기간이라고 알려진 3~12주 사이에 매주 발암 물질과 함께 스트레스를 1회 가하였다. 3군은 양성 대조군으로서 MNNG만을 투여하였고, 4군은 음성 대조군으로 발암제를 처치하지 않았다. 전군 공히 20주에 부검하여 acidine-biotin peroxidase complex(ABC) 방법으로 면역조직 화학적 염색을 한 수 PAPG({Pepsinogen isozyme 1 Altered Pyloric Gland)에 대한 통계 분석을 하였으며, 각 군간의 체중 변화와 병리 변화를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 발암 물질을 투여한 1·2·3군이 비투여군(4군)에 비해 증체율이 유의성있게 감소하였다. (p<0.05), 그러나 발암 물질 투여군간의 체중변화에는 유의성이 없었다. 2. MNNG 투여와 함께 스트레스를 가한 군이 스트레스를 가하지 않고 MNNG만을 투여한 군에 비하여 Pg 1 변이 유문선(PAPG)의 수가 유의성 있게 증가되었다. (p<0.01). 3. 위발암 과정 중 촉진기간에 스트레스를 가한 군이 스트레스를 가하지 않고 MNNG만을 투여한 군에 비해 점막 과형성(mucosal hyperplasia) 발생이 유의성있게 증가되었다. (P<0.05)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.793-807
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of diethyl maleate(DEM) on the carcinogenesis of forestomach and pyloric glandular stomach in rats caused by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). A total of 60 male 6-week-old Wistar rats were given twice intragastric injection of MMNG(200mg/kg BW), then were given diets containing 5% NaCl for 3 weeks until 4th week of the experiment. And then the animals of groups of 1 and 2 were placed on diets containing 0.2% DEM for 16 weeks until the end of 20 weeks of the experiment. On the other hand, the animals of groups of 3 and 4 were placed on basal diets for the same periods. The tissues of forestomach and liver of each group were frozen in liquid nitrogen and the activities of quinone reductase(QR) were determined by measurement of the dicoumarol-sensitive reduction of dichloro-indophenol by NADPH at 600nm. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 20 weeks of the experiment. Every animal was fasted for 24 hrs prior to sacrifice. The forestomach was fixed in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin for histology and the pyloric gland was fixed in sublimated formalin for immunohistochemistry of pepsinogen 1 altered pyloric gland(PAPG). The final body weight of the group given MNNG and treated with 5% NaCI and DEM was significantly decreased compared with that of the group 4(p<0.05). Food and water consumption rates were not significantly changed. The preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the forestomach given MNNG and treated with 5% NaCI and DEM were significantly increased compared to those of the group 4(p<0.0l). The incidence of PAPG in the groups treated with 0.2% DEM was significantly increased compared with that of the group 4(group 1:p<0.01, group 2:p<0.05). The activities of QR of forestomach in the groups treated with 0.2% DEM were significanitly increased compared with those of the group 4(p<0.001), but those of liver were not significant. These results indicate that DEM exert the enhancing effect of forestomach and glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats pretreated with MNNG and NaCl.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1964

Chloromethylation, malonic ester 합성법 및 decarboxylation에 의한 중간체들을 거친 tert.-butyl ${\beta}$-(o-tolyl)-perpropionate 치환체들의 합성을 기술하였다. 심하지 않은 치환기효과를 나타내는 bromo-, chloro- 및 methyl- 기를 가진 중간체들은 좋은 수율로 얻어져서 목적한 바 과산화 ester들을 얻었으나 nitro기를 가진 중간체는 극히 적은 수율로 얻어졌고 한편 센 electron donating effect를 나타내는 group로 치환된 toluene들의 chloromethylation은 polymerize하는 결과를 가져왔다.