• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

Nitric oxide(NO) is a labile, uncharged, reactive radical that functions as a sensitive mediator of intercellular communication in diverse tissues. It has been reported that NO is produced by osteoblast and these results may suggest that NO is integrally involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and osteoclast resorption activity by osteoblastic cells. We examined the effect of cytokines on NO release by mouse bone marrow cell. We also examined the effects of cytokines and sodium nitroprusside(SNP) on the formation of osteoclast-like cell from mouse bone marrow cells in culture. Cytokines stimulated NO production of mouse bone marrow cells, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, suppressed the cytokine-induced NO production. SNP showed dual action in the generation of osteoclasts. The addition of $30{\mu}M$ SNP inhibited the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)(+) multinucleated cell, whereas lower concentration($3{\mu}M$) of SNP enhanced it. Although the precise action of NO remains to be elucidated in detail, the action of NO in osteoclast generation in our studies seems to be associated, at least in part, with bone metabolism and bone pathophysiology.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

This study was performed to examine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of potato vinegar and commercial vinegars(cider, brown rice, persimmon vinegars) on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and cancer cell lines using Ames test and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. In Ames test, all vinegars did notexhibit any mutagenicity , but showed substantial inhibitory effects against N- methyl - N -nitro - N- nitrosog -uanidine(MNNG) , 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indol(Trp-P-1)and benzo( $\alpha$ )pyrene(B( $\alpha$ )P). The number of revertants per plate decreased significantly when these vinegars(80 ug/plate) were added to the assay system using TA100 strain. Especially, potato vinegar(80 ug/plate) showed high inhibition rate of 69.9% against mutagenicity of B( $\alpha$ )P on TA100 strain. In the cytotoxicity assay, these vinegars also showed prominent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. Potato vinegar(10 ug/well) showed the strongest cytotoxic effect against HT1080 (fibrosacoma cell) andK562 ( myelogenous leukemia) at the same concentration when compared with other vinegars.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.712-720
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• 2013

Microwave assisted syntheses of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 3-aminopyridine (3AP) and nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) ions have been reported. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, Far-IR, electronic, NMR ($^1H$, $^{13}C$), thermal and electron impact mass spectral studies. The spectroscopic studies reveal the composition, the nature of nitrite ligand in the complexes, electronic transitions, chemical environments of C and H atoms thermal degradation of the complexes. On the basis of characterization data, distorted tetrahedral geometry is suggested for Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes. The organic ligand (3AP) and their metal complexes were screened against gram negative pathogenic bacteria and fungi in vitro. The results are compared with our previous report J. Korean Chem. Soc. 2013, 57, 341 on 4-aminopyridine and nitrite ion complexes of the same metal ions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1996

Aloe plants have been used as herbal medicine for centuries and the name aloe means the dried exudate from the cut leaves of Aloe ferox Mill. (Cape aloe, Liliaceae), Aloe ferryi Baker. (Socotrine aloe), A. bainesii Th. Dyer. (Natal aloe) and Aloe vera L. (Curacao aloe) (Namba, 1986). Among them, Aloe vera has not only been one of the most used natural drug well known for its cathartic properties, but also has been widely used as raw materials of cosmetics and health foods (Leung, 1978, Hoffenberg, 1979). Although previous investigations showed that the leaves of A. vera contain a number of anthracene and chromone derivatives such as aloin A, aloin B, 1, 3, 6, 8-tetra-nitro-4,5-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl anthraquinone and 7-hydroxy-aloin, its chemical composition is far from being completely investigated (Hoffenberg, 1979, Rauwald and Voetig, 1982). As a part of our chemical investigations on the constituents of aloe, we report chemical investigation of the freeze dried ground leaves of A. vera which is led to the isolation of five compounds from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 2010

The cytotoxic activity of 33,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid methylester and related compounds on the growth of normal cell lines, human skin melanoma cells and human oral epithelioid cell line were evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl]-2-H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT) methods. 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid methylester decreased the cell viability of human skin melanoma cells and human oral epithelioid cells shown by the MTT method and the cell adhesion activity of human skin melanoma cells and human oral epithelioid cells shown by the XTT method. In light microscopy, 100 ${\mu}M$ 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid methylester showed the highest cytotoxic activity. These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid methylester has a potential anticancer activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.388-393
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• 2013

Previously, we have reported that lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, increased melanin synthesis through intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release in B16 cells. In this study we investigated the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanism of lovastatin-induced melanogenesis. Lovastatin elevated NO formation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), precursors of cholesterol, did not significantly alter the lovastatin-induced NO production, suggesting that inhibition of cholesterol metabolism may not be involved in the mechanism of this action of lovastatin. Both NO formation and melanogenesis induced by lovastatin was significantly suppressed by treatment with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylinidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), an inhibitor of NO synthase and a NO scavenger, respectively. The lovastatin-induced NO production was significantly affected not by EGTA, an extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator, but by an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator (BAPTA/AM) and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release blockers (dantrolene and TMB-8). Taken together, these results suggest that lovastatin may induce melanogenesis through NO formation mediated by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release in B16 cells. These results further suggest that lovastatin may be a good candidate for the therapeutic application of various hypopigmentation disorders.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.597-603
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• 2005

In this study, we try to determine the distributive property in southwest coastal waters, such as K wang-yang bay, Ka-mak bay, Yeo-ja bay, Wan-do, Hea-nam, Young-gwang, and Mok-po, using simultaneous analytical method of 310 chemicals. The results were detected tens of the organic pollutants in sampling sites, and the major chemicals detected were CH type chemicals such as aliphatic, polycyclic compounds and were CHN(O) type chemicals such as aromatic amines, nitro compounds, In particular, pesticides were mainly detected in summer, phenols and phthalate esters were not seasonal effect. Also, a number of aromatic chemicals were detected in Kwang-yang bay, From the results of this study, we confirmed that it is mainly contaminated in summer and the pesticide chemicals are the major pollutants in southwest coastal waters.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds on the growth of normal cell lines and human oral epithelioid cell line, cell viability, cell adhesion ability, and morphological changes of cells were examined. Methods : We measured the cytotoxicity of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds with 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-[MTT), and 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium -5-caboxanilide-[XTT) methods. Results : The cytotoxicity of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid($IC_{50}$, $2,552.40\;{\mu}M$) was low according to the toxic criteria. Cytotoxic effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds against $IC_{50}$ value in cell morphology increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In light microscopy, $100\;{\mu}M$ 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acid showed th highest cytotoxic activity. Conclusions : These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid may have a potential anticancer activity.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium, the cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against hexavalent chromium-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell adhesion ability, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, and morphological changes of cells were examined. Methods : We measured the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium with 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT), 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT), LDH and DPPH methods. Results : The cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium($IC_{50}$, $44.0-51.0{\mu}M$) was high according to the toxic criteria. Cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against $IC_{50}$ value of hexavalent chromium in cell morphology increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid may be used as a cytoprotective agent against chromium(IV)-mediated cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

For handling and storage of reactive chemicals, the hazard evaluations have been extremely important. In the chemical industry, the most concerns are focused on the thermal harzards such as runaway reactions and thermal decompositions, which are mostly governed by thermodynamics and reaction kinetics or these reactive chemical in the system. This study no investigated the thermal decomposition characteristics of nitrophenylhydrazine isomers by using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC). Experimental results showed that exothermic onset-temperatures in nitrophenylhydrazine(NPH) isomers were about 160-$210^{\circ}C$ by DSC and 100-$150^{\circ}C$ by ARC. The decomposition temperature acquired by ARC was about 50-$60^{\circ}C$ lower than that by DSC. Reaction heats were about 40-100cal/g by DSC and 330-750ca1/g by ARC. While ortho isomer of NPH show two distinct exothermic peaks, para isomer shows a single peak in DSC curves. The first exothermic peak for 2-NPH is mainly due to intramolecular dehydration forming 1-hydroxybenzotriazole(HOBT) and the second exothermic peak is mainly due to the decomposition of HOBT formed in the first step of decomposition. The exothermin peak in the DSC curve for 4-NPH is mainly due to dissociation of hydrazino and nitro groups.