• 제목/요약/키워드: Nitrification and Denitrification

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부착성 미생물을 이용한 질산화 및 탈질특성에 관한 연구 (Study on the Characteristics of Nitrification and Denitrification using Attached Microorganism)

  • 권문선;이의신
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 1994
  • In this research, characteristics of nitrification and denitrification using the microorganism attached on sponge and plates were examined. The denitrification and nitrification performance were investigated under the anaerobic and aerobic condition for about 2 months. Because the basins of denitrification and nitrification were connected in series, wastewater was flowed from denitrification basin to nitrification one. The 90% of influent flowrate was returned from nitrification basin to denitrification one. Most of organic material was removed in nitrification basin, wherease the only exact amount of organics required in denitrification process was removed in denitrification one. This experiment resulted in that heterotrophic bacteria existing in aerobic basin governed the removal efficiency of organic compounds. In case the influent BOD concentration into nitrification basin was 80mg/l, it did not affect to accumulation of nitrifying bacteria, the balance of heterotrophic bacteria was proved to be an important factor in nitrification/denitrification method such as anaerobic and aerobic cycling type.

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이중층 중공사 생물막 담체를 이용한 유동층 생물막 반응기에서의 동시 질산화와 탈질 (Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Fluidized Biofilm Reactor with a Hollow Fiber Double Layer Biofilm Media)

  • 이수철;이현용;김동진
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.514-520
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    • 2000
  • Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of ammonia and organic compounds-containing wastewater were performed in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor with polysulfone(PS) hollow fiber as a double layer biomass carrier. The PS hollow fiber fragment has both aerobic and anoxic environments for the nitrifiaction and denitrification at the shell and lumen-side respectively. The reactor system showed about 80% nitrification efficiency stably throughout the ammonia load conditions applied in the experiment. Denitrification efficiency depended on organic load and C/N ratio. High free ammonia concentration and low dissolved oxygen resulted in nitrite accumulation which leads to enhance organic carbon efficiency in denitrification when compared to nitrate denitrification. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reactor system has an economic advantages in reduced chemical cost of organic carbon for denitrification as well as compact reactor configuration.

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황 충진상 단일 생물막여과 공정을 이용한 생물학적 질소제거 (Biological Nitrogen Removal Using a Single Biofilter Packed with Granular Sulfur)

  • 문진영;황용우;김대영;가미선
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.720-727
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    • 2005
  • This study was performed to advance nitrogen removal efficiency by employing an single biofilter packed with granular sulfur, which consists of nitrification occurring at upper part and denitrification at lower part of the reactor. Continuos nitrification/denitrification was carried out with different alkalinity sources, which were $NaHCO_3$ and $CaCO_3$(limestone). In the downflow nitrification/denitrification biofilter packed with granular sulfur, first, terms for nitrogen removal was decided. As results, nitrification and denitrification rate with NaHCO3 at 0.85 kg $NH_4^+-N/m^3{\cdot}d$ were accomplished $0.80kg\;N/m_3{\cdot}d$, $0.43kg\;N/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively. In the sulfur/limestone packed downflow nitrification/denitrification biofilter, sulfur and limestone were mixed packed, preliminary test showed sulfur/limestone mixing ratio was 3:1 and that was ideal. In the result, nitrification and denitrification rate at $0.7kg\;NH_4^+-N/m^3{\cdot}d$ were accomplished$0.65kg\;N/m^3{\cdot}d$, $0.34kg\;N/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively. In general, employing granular sulfur can be implemented for only denitrification, but this system can accomplish nitrification as well as denitrification in a single reactor even though low carbon concentration was present in influent limiting to nutrient removal process. This biofilter system of limestone and granular sulfur packed together can successfully apply for nutrient removal effectively.

Nitrogen Removal Comparison in Porous Ceramic Media Packed-Bed Reactors by a Consecutive Nitrification and Denitrification Process

  • Han, Gee-Bong;Woo, Mi-Hee
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2011
  • Biological nitrogen removal, using a continuous flow packed-bed reactor (CPBR) in a consecutive nitrification and denitrification process, was evaluated. An apparent decline in the nitrification efficiency coincided with the steady increase in $NH_4{^+}$-N load. Sustained nitrification efficiency was found to be higher at longer empty bed contact times (EBCTs). The relationship between the rate of alkalinity consumption and $NH_4{^+}$-N utilization ratio followed zero-order reaction kinetics. The heterotrophic denitrification rate at a carbon-tonitrogen (C/N) ratio of >4 was found to be >74%. This rate was higher by a factor of 8.5 or 8.9 for $NO_3{^-}$-N/volatile solids (VS)/day or $NO_3{^-}-N/m^3$ ceramic media/day, respectively, relative to the rates measured at a C/N ratio of 1.1. Autotrophic denitrification efficiencies were 80-90%. It corresponds to an average denitrification rate of 0.96 kg $NO_3{^-}-N/m^3$ ceramic media/day and a relevant average denitrification rate of 0.28 g $NO_3{^-}$-N/g VS/day, were also obtained. Results presented here also constitute the usability of an innovative porous sulfur ceramic media. This enhanced the dissolution rate of elemental sulfur via a higher contact surface area.

질산화-탈질 연계공정에서 질소화합물 및 기능성 유전자 거동 (Dynamics of Nitrogen Compounds and Functional Genes in a Nitrification-Denitrification Coupling Process)

  • 권지현;박형주;이윤영;조경숙
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.72-78
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    • 2020
  • The dynamics of nitrogen compounds and RNA-based functional genes were characterized in the nitrification-denitrification coupling process. For the removal of residual ammonium, intermittent aeration was introduced in the denitrification reactor. N2O production was not observed in both reactors. In both reactors, the nitrifying genes (achaeal-amoA, bacterial-amoA and hor) and denitrifying genes (narG, nirK, norB and nosZ) had a copy number of 3.92 × 102-7.25 × 105 and 2.85 × 102-3.06 × 104 per ng of DNA, respectively. These results suggest that denitrification and nitrification reactions occur in both the nitrification and denitrification reactors, respectively. Therefore, the coupling process is a promising one for the conversion of ammonium to nitrogen without generating N2O.

Analysis of Microbial Communities in Biofilms from CSTR-Type Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactors for Autotrophic Nitrification and Hydrogenotrophic Denitrification

  • Shin, Jung-Hun;Kim, Byung-Chun;Choi, Okkyoung;Kim, Hyunook;Sang, Byoung-In
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권10호
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    • pp.1670-1679
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    • 2015
  • Two hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactors (HF-MBfRs) were operated for autotrophic nitrification and hydrogenotrophic denitrification for over 300 days. Oxygen and hydrogen were supplied through the hollow fiber membrane for nitrification and denitrification, respectively. During the period, the nitrogen was removed with the efficiency of 82-97% for ammonium and 87-97% for nitrate and with the nitrogen removal load of 0.09-0.26 kg NH4+-N/m3/d and 0.10-0.21 kg NO3--N/m3/d, depending on hydraulic retention time variation by the two HF-MBfRs for autotrophic nitrification and hydrogenotrophic denitrification, respectively. Biofilms were collected from diverse topological positions in the reactors, each at different nitrogen loading rates, and the microbial communities were analyzed with partial 16S rRNA gene sequences in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Detected DGGE band sequences in the reactors were correlated with nitrification or denitrification. The profile of the DGGE bands depended on the NH4+ or NO3- loading rate, but it was hard to find a major strain affecting the nitrogen removal efficiency. Nitrospira-related phylum was detected in all biofilm samples from the nitrification reactors. Paracoccus sp. and Aquaspirillum sp., which are an autohydrogenotrophic bacterium and an oligotrophic denitrifier, respectively, were observed in the denitrification reactors. The distribution of microbial communities was relatively stable at different nitrogen loading rates, and DGGE analysis based on 16S rRNA (341f /534r) could successfully detect nitrate-oxidizing and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria but not ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the HF-MBfRs.

Effect of Aeration on Nitrous Oxide ($N_2O$) Emission from Nitrogen-Removing Sequencing Batch Reactors

  • Kim, Dong-Jin;Kim, Yuri
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2013
  • In this study, nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission was compared between the operations of two different sequencing batch reactors, conventional sequencing batch reactor (CNVSBR) and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification sequencing batch reactor (SND-SBR), using synthetic wastewater. The CNV-SBR consisted of anoxic (denitrification) and aerobic phases, whereas the SND-SBR consisted of a microaerobic (low dissolved oxygen concentration) phase, which was achieved by intermittent aeration for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The CNV-SBR emitted 3.9 mg of $N_2O$-N in the denitrification phase and 1.6 mg of $N_2O$-N in the nitrification phase, resulting in a total emission of 5.5mg from 432mg of $NH_4^+$-N input. In contrast, the SND-SBR emitted 26.2mg of $N_2O$-N under the microaerobic condition, which was about 5 times higher than the emission obtained with the CNV-SBR at the same $NH_4^+$-N input. From the $N_2O$ yield based on $NH_4^+$-N input, the microaerobic condition produced the highest yield (6.1%), followed by the anoxic (0.9%) and aerobic (0.4%) conditions. It is thought that an appropriate dissolved oxygen level is critical for reducing $N_2O$ emission during nitrification and denitrification at wastewater treatment plants.

혐기-호기 상향류 필터 공정에서 양식배출수의 질산화 및 탈질 연구 (Nitrification and Denitrification of Land-based Fish Farm Wastewater using an Anaerobic-Aerobic Upflow Biological Aerated Filter)

  • 박노백;이현영;김성민;이준상
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.622-629
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    • 2014
  • This study induced biological denitrification and nitrification via a biofiltration process with the view of removing nitrogen from land-based fish farm effluent. To achieve this, we operated an aquaculture nitrogen-removal system that includes a denitrification and nitrification reactor [working volume 40 L, flow rate 64.8 L, HRT (hydraulic retention time) 14.8 h, HRT considering recycling of NOx 7.4 h]. In the continuous process, the nitrification rate of ammonium nitrogen exceeded 90% at a steady state and the denitrification efficiency exceeded 80% with recycling to a pre-anoxic reactor. In addition, the pH in the final effluent was lower with a low influent water alkalinity averaging 100 mg/L (as $CaCO_3$). For effective denitrification reactions, carbon must be supplied via particulate organic matter (POM) hydrolysis because of the low C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio in the water.

A Mathematical Model Development for the Nitrification-Denitrification Coupled Process

  • 이미선;이강근
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.430-433
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    • 2003
  • Nitrogen pollution in urban and rural groundwater is a common problem and poses a major threat to drinking water supplies based on groundwater. In this work, the kinetics of nitrification-denitrification coupled reactions are modeled and new reaction modules for the RT3D code describing the fate and transport of nitrogen species, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and biomass are developed and tested. The proposed nitrogen transformations and transport model showed very good match with the results of other public codes.

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다공성 미디어를 충진한 혐기-호기 반응조를 이용한 하수고도처리에 관한 연구 (Advanced Wastewater Treatment Using Anoxic-Aerobic Reactor Filled with Porous Media)

  • 김동하
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 2007
  • A biological anoxic-aerobic reactor filled with porous media was operated in lab scale for the advanced wastewater treatment. The experiments were conducted for 6 months with three HRTs (4, 6, 8hr) and temperature of $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Some other experimental conditions were as follows; nitrification reactor (MLSS 4,500mg/L, DO 3.3mg/L, $23{\sim}28^{\circ}C$), denitrification reactor(MLSS 8,000mg/L, ORP -100mV, Temp.$19{\sim}23^{\circ}C$). Average removal efficiencies of SS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Cr}$, T-N, and T-P were 97.8%, 95.5%, 94.5%, 80.2%, and 60.6%, respectively. The reactor filled with porosity media showed stable removal capacity for organics and nutrients. Fast and complete nitrification and denitrification were accomplished. Maintaining high MLSS with porous media in the nitrification and denitrification reactor appears to enhance the nitrogen removal process. For the higher T-P removal, some coagulant addition process will be needed.