• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.551-554
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• 2003

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been reported in uterus. We examined the expression of the NOS isoforms, constitutive endothelial (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), in bovine uterus by immunohistochemistry. eNOS immunoreactivity was localized predominantly to the endothelial cells that line uterine microvessels and to endometrial glandular epithelial cells, but was barely detectable in endometrial stromal cells. iNOS immunostaining was detected in glandular epithelial and stromal cells in the endometrium and in the endothelial cells of myometrial blood vessels. These findings suggest that both eNOS and iNOS may play important roles in the physiology of the uterus, possibly by generating NO.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

Human placental extract (HPE), which is prepared from the placenta of healthy pregnant females, has been widely used in clinical field. HPE is known to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-mutagenic, and analgesic properties. In this study, the effect of HPE against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation was investigated. From the present results, HPE was shown to suppress prostaglandin E2 synthesis (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production by inhibition on the LPS-stimulated enhancement of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions in mouse BV2 microglial cells. These results suggest that HPE may offer a valuable mean of therapy for the treatment of brain inflammatory diseases by attenuating LPS-induced PGE2 and NO production.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

Elicitor treatment was performed to increase the anti-inflammatory activity of useful biological sources. The result showed that elicitor-treated Saururus chinensis leaf extracts positively affected nitric oxide (NO) production, and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 compared to extracts not exposed to elicitor treatment. This finding identified elicitor treatment as a suitable strategy for increasing the biological activity of S. chinensis. Therefore, elicitor-treated S. chinensis is useful both as health functional and medicinal materials.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.156.2-157
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• 2003

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages produced a large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). This is an important mechanism in macrophages-induced septic shock and inflammation. In the present study, we tested a synthetic propenone compound, l-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) for its ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-$\alpha$) and an inducible enzyme, iNOS, in the LPS-stimulated murine macrophage-like cell line, Raw264.7. FPP-3 consistently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-$\alpha$ production in a dose dependent manner, with $IC_50$> values of 10.0 and 13.1 $\mu$M, respectively. (omitted)

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2007

Objectives : Uncontrolled activation of microglia may directly toxic to neurons by releasing various substances such as inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2 and superoxide. In this study, the effects of the several subfractions isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma extract were investigated on NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, Methods : Coptidis Rhizoma extract prepared with 80% methanol, and then fractionated with ethylacetate, chloroform, n-butanol and water. BV2 cells were pretreated four subfractions of Coptidis Rhizoma with various concentrations, and then stimulated with LPS. Cytotoxicity of each fraction was measured by MTT assay. NO production was determined in culture surpernatants by Griess reagent. Results : Ethylacetate, chloroform and butanol fractions of Coptidis Rhizoma extract significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production in BV2 cells as a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Ethylacetate fraction of Coptidis Rhizoma extract was most effective on inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells compared with other fractions. Conclusion : This data indicates that Ethylacetate fraction of Coptidis Rhizoma extract shows strong antiinflammatory effects through inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2012

Dental caries is multifactorial local disease which involves destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth by metabolities produces by microorganisms. Recently, there has been growing interest in the role of nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) in caries incidence. The aim of the study was to survey the studies reported the association among salivary NO, GSH and dental careis. Three studies reported the association between NO and dental caries. However, the results were contradictory. Only one study showed negative association between GSH and dental caries. In Korea, NO showed negative association with Lactobacilli and GSH showed positive association with dental caries. These observations suggest the possibility that NO and GSH could be new biomarkers for dental caries. However, further study should be needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1995

Nitric oxide (NO) has been regarded as one of the neurotransmitters of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation in rabbit corpus cavernosum, rat gastric fundus and human intestine. PIANO (photo-induced adequate nitric oxide) is a very useful tool to investige the role of NO in various smooth muscles where NO is a mediator. The present study was undertaken to compare the physiological responses of the rat gastric smooth muscle in response to NANC nerve stimulation and to PIANO. Photolysis of L-NAME, D-NAME and streptozotocin (572) by UV light in the bathing medium caused relaxation of rat gastric fungus that contracted with carbachol, but was resistant to tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 $\mu$M). Electrical stimulation (20 V, 2~32 Hz, 0.2 msec, 10s) of the gastric fundus, in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, induced frequency-dependent, TTX-sensitive relaxation. Sodium nitroprusside (1 nM-10 $\mu$M), a NO donor, mimicked the relaxations observed after NANC-stimulation or PIANO. Furthermore, PIANO caused UV light exposure time-dependent increase of CGMP in rat gastric fungus strips. These results provide another evidence indirectly that NO is one of the mediators of the NANC inhibitory nerve stimulation in the rat gastric fundus.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.610-615
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• 2015

Alveolar epithelial cells have been functionally implicated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study investigated the role of ursolic acid (UA)-a triterpenoid carboxylic acid with potent antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tuberculosis properties in mycobacterial infection of alveolar epithelial A549 cells. We observed that M. tuberculosis successfully entered A549 cells. Cytotoxicity was mediated by nitric oxide (NO). A549 toxicity peaked along with NO generation 72 h after infection. The NO generated by mycobacterial infection in A549 cells was insufficient to kill mycobacteria, as made evident by the mycobacteria growth indicator tube time to detect (MGIT TTD) and viable cell count assays. Treatment of mycobacteria-infected cells with UA reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, NO generation, and eventually improved cell viability. Moreover, UA was found to quench the translocation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), from the cytosol to the nucleus in mycobacteria-infected cells. This study is the first to demonstrate the cytotoxic role of NO in the eradication of mycobacteria and the role of UA in reducing this cytotoxicity in A549 cells.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang acupuncture solution (EJ) on nitric oxide (NO) and of hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : Cell viability was measured by modified MTT assay. NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. Significant differences were examined by using a Student's t-test. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. EJ did not show cell toxicity against RAW 264.7 cells for 24 hr incubation at the concentrations of up to $200\;{\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. EJ significantly inhibited NO production for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 3. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 4. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of hydrogen peroxide for 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, and 72 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EJ has an anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition of NO and hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced macrophages.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.176-176
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• 1998

An enhanced formation of nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of hypotention, peripheral vasodilation and vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictor agents in endotoxaemia. And tumor necrosis factor (TNF${\alpha}$), as a primary mediator of circulatory shock has been known to induce inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), leading to excessive production of NO. We isolated two sesquiterpene lactone compounds from Saussurea lappa and their structures were elucidated as dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide. These compounds inhibit the production of both NO and TNF${\alpha}$ by LPS (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. NO was measured spectropho-tometrically as nitrite by the Griess reagent and TNF${\alpha}$ by ELISA. Dehydrocostus lactone (IC$\sub$50/ : 3.0 ${\mu}$M) and costunolide (IC$\sub$50/ : 4.5 ${\mu}$M) inhibited the production of NO in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression. These compounds also decreased the TNF${\alpha}$ levels in LPS-activated system in vitro and in vivo.