• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.spc1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), in collaboration with the University of Hawaii (UH), is upgrading Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) by replacing its principal, 65 cm aperture telescope with a modern, off-axis 1.6 m clear aperture instrument from a 1.7 m blank. The new telescope offers a significant incremental improvement in ground-based infrared and high angular resolution capabilities, and enhances our continuing program to understand photospheric magneto-convection and chromospheric dynamics. These are the drivers for what is broadly called space weather - an important problem, which impacts human technologies and life on earth. This New Solar Telescope (NST) will use the existing BBSO pedestal, pier and observatory building, which will be modified to accept the larger open telescope structure. It will be operated together with our 10 inch (for larger field-of-view vector magnetograms, Ca II K and Ha observations) and Singer-Link (full disk H$\alpha$, Ca II K and white light) synoptic telescopes. The NST optical and software control design will be similar to the existing SOLARC (UH) and the planned Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) facility led by the National Solar Observatory (NSO) - all three are off-axis designs. The NST will be available to guest observers and will continue BBSO's open data policy. The polishing of the primary will be done in partnership with the University of Arizona Mirror Lab, where their proof-of-concept for figuring 8 m pieces of 20 m nighttime telescopes will be the NST's primary mirror. We plan for the NST's first light in late 2005. This new telescope will be the largest aperture solar telescope, and the largest aperture off-axis telescope, located in one of the best observing sites. It will enable new, cutting edge science. The scientific results will be extremely important to space weather and global climate change research.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2001

Flying behavior during nighttime and control methods of fruit sucking pests were investigated in yuzu (Citrus junos) groves at Koheung area from August to November in 1999. Among the 3 kind of bulbs with different color (white, blue and yellow), white bulb attracted the most number of fruit sucking pests . The 93 percent of the moths was attracted from sunset to 24 o\`clock. Main flying time of hemipteriods in early, mid, and late October were from 22 to 04 o\`clock, sunset to 02 o\`clock and sunset to 24 o\`clock, respectively. Their flying time become earlier as the night temperature declines. For control of fruit sucking pests, attraction liquid traps, light traps (100 W) and illumination light bulb were set up in the yuzu groves (1,000 $\m^2$) from the 1 st October to the 3rd November. Attraction liquid was composed of a raw rice wine 2,000 ml+black sugar 100 g+vinegar 100 ml. When established at 3 sites per 1,000 $\m^2$ orchard, attraction liquid trap reduced the number of sucking spots on yuzu fruit to 64% and its attracting effect maintained for 3 weeks after setting-up. Three light traps per 1,000 m2 which turned on from sunset to 02 o\`clock reduced the number of sucking spots by 60% .

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of water temperature, photoperiod and population density on oxygen consumption (OC) in the longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus). OC rate in the longtooth grouper at 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ were $85.9{\pm}6.9$, $107.5{\pm}10.1$, and $164.0{\pm}19.2\;mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1}$, respectively, indicating a linear increase in OC with water temperature. Photoperiod was regulated in accordance with the light (09:00-21:00 h, L) and dark (21:00-09:00 h, D) phases of the diel cycle (12L/12D), with a water temperature of 15, 20, or $25^{\circ}C$. OC rates during the light and dark phases were $83.8{\pm}5.4$, $88.1{\pm}7.8\;mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1}$, respectively, at $15^{\circ}C$ and $111.2{\pm}12.3$ and $103.7{\pm}5.7\;mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ at $20^{\circ}C$. No significant differences were observed between the light and dark phases (P > 0.05). at $25^{\circ}C$ the OC rates were $168.8{\pm}24.3$ and $159.2{\pm}11.4\;mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1}$ during the light and dark phases, respectively, indicating that OC is higher during daylight than nighttime. OC tates at 55.4, 88.4, 118.8, and 145.1 g $L^{-1}$ were $252.0{\pm}11.6$, $219.0{\pm}8.7$, $206.7{\pm}11.4$, and $208.8{\pm}11.4\;mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1}$, respectively, indicating a decrease in OC with increasing population density. However, no significant difference was observed between the values for 118.8 g $L^{-1}$ and 145.1 g $L^{-1}$ (P > 0.05).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.185-201
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• 2018

Road lighting is highly preferred as the major nighttime road safety countermeasures. When it comes to the pole-type road lighting, as it's installed at a certain height from the road surface, the driver is dazzled by the light source, interrupting the driver's visibility and furthermore, the light leaks to the area outside the road boundary, worsening the energy efficiency as well as generating the light pollution to the surrounding environment including the animals and plants. The study developed the low-level lighting systems, so it is possible to prevent the lights from being strayed, so there is no any side effects in terms of the sleep deprivation. The study compared the performance as the lightings between low-level lightings and conventional pole based lighting systems. As the results, the low-level lighting systems showed the higher performance in terms of average surface luminance, uniformity, glare compared to the conventional lighting systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.284-293
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to determine the conditions of road surface by utilizing the images collected from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras installed on roadside. First, a technique was examined to detect wet surfaces at nighttime. From the literature reviews, it was revealed that image processing using polarization is one of the preferred options. However, it is hard to use the polarization characteristics of road surface images at nighttime because of irregular or no light situations. In this study, we proposes a new discriminant for detecting wet and dry road surfaces using CCTV image data at night. To detect the road surface conditions with night vision, we applied the wavelet packet transform for analyzing road surface textures. Additionally, to apply the luminance feature of night CCTV images, we set the intensity histogram based on HSI(Hue Saturation Intensity) color model. With a set of 200 images taken from the field, we constructed a detection criteria hyperplane with SVM (Support Vector Machine). We conducted field tests to verify the detection ability of the wet road surfaces and obtained reliable results. The outcome of this study is also expected to be used for monitoring road surfaces to improve safety.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

The effect of day and night temperature on the seedlings growth as well as physiological responses of red pepper seedlings to temperature, such as uptake of water and nutrients, rates of photosynthesis and respiration of leaf and root were also investigated in growth cabinet. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. As the temperature dropped down to 12$^{\circ}C$, the uptake of water and nutrients, nitrate, phosphorus and potassium were decreased drastically. At 5$^{\circ}C$ there was virtually no uptake of water and nutrients. 2. Photosynthetic activity in the leaves of red pepper seedlings was increased gradually from 5$^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and observed the highest photosynthetic activity at $25^{\circ}C$, but respiratory activity of leaf increased up to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and the same trend was observed in root respiratory activity. 3. Optimal combination of day and night temperature for shoot dry weight which is the decisive criterion of good seedlings of red pepper was found to be $25^{\circ}C$ at nighttime and 3$0^{\circ}C$ at daytime and then day/night temperature showed in the order of 25/25, 30/15, 15/25, 10/$25^{\circ}C$. No increment of shoot dry weight at 5$^{\circ}C$ in nighttime temperature observed regardless of daytime temperature.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.369-387
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• 2017

This research derived sum of light (SOL) for Liaoning and Dandong, China, from DMSP OLS satellite images acquired at nighttime during 1992 to 2012 and investigated its potential association with economic status. The SOLs of Liaoning were found to be continuously increasing and higher than those of averages for the other provinces across the time period. The temporal pattern of SOLs would be interpreted to well reflect the economic status of this region based on real growth rate and average wage per capita. Nevertheless, the SOLs of Dandong were lower than the average of the other prefecture-level cities, which indicated the economic status of this city in China. Meanwhile, the average annual growth rate of SOLs for Dandong turned out to be increase for 1998~2007, compared with the previous years, and temporal patterns in the trade amount between North Korea and China and the export amount of North Korea to China were similar to those of SOLs in the same time period. The political association between South and North Koreas was improved with 'Sunshine Policy' during 1997~2007. Taking it into account, SOL is expected to be valuable spatial proxy index that could explain the geopolitcal and geoeconomic aspects of Dandong.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.282-294
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent headlight control (IHC) system which is durable to various road lights and camera movement caused by vehicle driving. For detecting candidate light blobs, the region of interest (ROI) is decided as front ROI (FROI) and back ROI (BROI) by considering the camera geometry based on perspective range estimation model. Then, light blobs such as headlights, taillights of vehicles, reflection light as well as the surrounding road lighting are segmented using two different adaptive thresholding. From the number of segmented blobs, taillights are first detected using the redness checking and random forest classifier based on Haar-like feature. For the headlight and taillight classification, we use the random forest instead of popular support vector machine or convolutional neural networks for supporting fast learning and testing in real-life applications. Pairing is performed by using the predefined geometric rules, such as vertical coordinate similarity and association check between blobs. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to various driving sequences in night-time, and the results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is better than that of recent related works.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

A driver assistance system is critical to improve a convenience and stability of vehicle driving. Several systems have been already commercialized such as adaptive cruise control system and forward collision warning system. Efficient vehicle detection is very important to improve such driver assistance systems. Most existing vehicle detection systems are based on a radar system, which measures distance between a host and leading (or oncoming) vehicles under various weather conditions. However, it requires high deployment cost and complexity overload when there are many vehicles. A camera based vehicle detection technique is also good alternative method because of low cost and simple implementation. In general, night time vehicle detection is more complicated than day time vehicle detection, because it is much more difficult to distinguish the vehicle's features such as outline and color under the dim environment. This paper proposes a method to detect vehicles at night time using analysis of a captured color space with reduction of reflection and other light sources in images. Four colors spaces, namely RGB, YCbCr, normalized RGB and Ruta-RGB, are compared each other and evaluated. A suboptimal threshold value is determined by Otsu algorithm and applied to extract candidates of taillights of leading vehicles. Statistical features such as mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy are extracted from the candidate regions and used as feature vector for SVM(Support Vector Machine) classifier. According to our simulation results, the proposed statistical feature based SVM provides relatively high performances of leading vehicle detection with various distances in variable nighttime environments.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2012

This study is targeted on children's parks in Seogu, Daejeon with the goal of maximizing the usage and versatility of existing parks in the area by the survey and analysis of the general status of children's parks, land use near the parks, population, users, and traits of usage. For the purposes of this thesis this study has selected 65 of the children's parks in the Seogu District to monitor. It also focused on a number of these parks located in areas which underwent a lot of changes and needed an increase in usage and versatility. Based on the selection criteria, the four target parks, Wojeong, Meongwhack, Dosan and Wicdunjimi children's park were selected. The Survey shows that 55.9% of park visitors visited a park to 'rest and take a walk' and used 'main facilities' meaning resting facilities like pergola and benches. In the nighttime, the number of park visitors is so few because of safety problems. 50% of users were satisfied with parks. It shows that there are many respondents who want to recompose these parks as places for light exercise, resting, meeting, and as community symbols. Generally, these target parks don't reach their full potential and they also do not play their proper roles because they are hampered by the constriction of the law. These stick to an outdated idea of what a park should be like without considering the actual and practical needs of city dwellers. When it comes to the remodeling and refurbishing of these parks we have to rethink the planning process so that these parks may be more versatile and practical in order to accommodate the radical changes of users and patterns of usage.