• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2012

This study on the methode is easied to distinguish with emotional visual lighting on AtoN facility using 3colors LED, and which is controlled to on-off switching of approach light in shore or harbor. The identification have easied to provide a differentiation between the AtoN facility of red and white light and surrounding light in harbor both sides. And the integrated controller have designed to left-right and serial sequential lighting system for harbor guidance using the GPS synchronous or timer. There is expectation effect that is prevent a confusion about distinguish of facility by ship's operator and to beautify a night scene of harbor, which is expressed to emotional identification lighting and variable color lighting on AtoN body by vertical layer color lighting using LED. In addition, the performance of AtoN is implemented to display with guidance light the harbor safety message by morse code lighting. Effectiveness of system is enhanced that age and power consumption reduce by candle alternated high light LED.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2015

Increase of national family income improved demand of high-quality and year-round horticultural products including chrysanthemum. To meet these demand, farmers have introduced protected facilities, such as greenhouses, of which environmental conditions could be monitored and controlled. Environment management up to three weeks after transplanting is critical for chrysanthemum quality. Artificial lighting and light-blocking screen are especially important for long-day (day period > 13 hours) and short-day (night period > 13 hours) treatments. In this study, a web-camera was installed, and the image was obtained and transmitted to mobile phones to monitor the status of 3-wavelength(RGB) lighting environments. RGB pixel values were used to determine malfunctioning of the lighting lamps, and leaking out and incoming illumination status during short-day and long-day treatment periods. Normal lighting lamps provided RGB pixel values of 240~255. During long-day treatment period, G pixel values were useful to detect abnormal lighting conditions (e.g., leaking). During short-day treatment period, R pixel values were useful to determine incoming light (e.g., sun-light). Results of this study would provide useful information for remote monitoring of light conditions for protected chrysanthemum production under artificial lights.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2021

Tunnel is the most energy-consuming structure in road due to the characteristic of using artificial lighting during day and night. Therefore, tunnel lights are being replaced by LED lamp that have advantages with respect to low power consumption. The best use of social overhead capital can be expected by considering the life cycle cost, because to tunnel structures are accompanied by a series of medium-to-long-term and continuous processes of replacing auxiliary facilities. In this study, the saving effect by LCC analysis was quantitatively analyzed by replacing tunnel light sources from high-pressure sodium lamps to LED lamps. The effect of reducing the replacement cycle by increasing the life of the lamps and the resulting maintenance cost is very significant, on replacing tunnel lighting light sources with LED lamp.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

PURPOSES : Low visibility caused by dark surroundings at nighttime affects the likelihood of accidents, and various efforts, such as installing road safety facilities, have been made to reduce accidents at night. Despite these efforts, the nighttime severity index (SI) in Korea was higher than the daytime SI during 2011-2014. This study determined the factors affecting daytime and nighttime accident severity through a discriminant analysis. METHODS : Discriminant analysis. RESULTS : First, drowsiness, lack of attention, and lighting facilities affected both daytime and nighttime accident severity. Accidents were found to be caused by a low ability to recognize the driving conditions and a low obstacle avoidance capability. Second, road conditions and speeding affected only the daytime accident severity. Third, failure to maintain a safe distance significantly affected daytime accident severity and nonsignificantly affected nighttime accident severity. The majority of such accidents were caused by rear-end collisions of vehicles driving in the same direction; given the low relative speed difference in such cases, the shock imparted by the accidents was minimal. CONCLUSIONS : Accidents caused by a failure to maintain a safe distance has lower severity than do accidents caused by other factors.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to found that the important design reform points for improvement of the public open space quality. For this purpose, surveyed the users of the public open space and the experts working for the public open space planning for the design elements of the public open spaces in terms of importance and satisfaction. The scope of the study was limited to Mapo-gu, Seoul and the buildings constructed since 1992 were sampled. the data collected were subject to Importance-Performance Analysis. As a result, 'waste boxes, vending machines and other amenities', 'characteristic floor and pedestrian environment', 'designs and their layout in harmony with the surrounding and landscape facilities', 'facilities checking and patrol for safety' and 'entire area of the public open space'. Based on the above findings, the following reform measures are put forwards for improvement of the public open space quality; First, the public open spaces should be equipped with sufficient amenities. Second, it is necessary to check the facilities regularly, while enhancing the safety through patrols. Third, it is essential to reflect user's needs in public open space planning, while applying the important design elements to the public facilities. Fourth, in order to create a comfortable pedestrian environment within the public open space, it is deemed necessary to divide the space into the passages for passers-by and the recesses for uses. Fifth, it is necessary to amend the Building Code to the effects that the radio of the landscaped area to the entire area can be readjusted together with the night lighting facilities. Sixth, it is desirable to give the weights to the important design elements for the public open spaces, so that the quality public open spaces can benefit from the incentives. In addition, regular maintenance and management should be ensured by policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the current status of the use of bike parking lots in apartment complexes located in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The results were as follows. While common respondents answered the use of a bike for leisure or health, relatively few respondents answered a means of transportation such as going to school or work. It suggests that systematic plans to expand the range of using a bike should be made such as the connection of an apartment complex with a bike road. The common places to keep bikes were the entrance, the inside of the house, or stairs rather than bike parking lots because of safety problems such as theft or damage. In this regard, it is necessary to prepare clear regulation guidances to complement the safety problems of bike parking lots such as CCTV installation in the parking lots or compulsory installation of night lighting. Based on the findings, the methods to improve a bike parking lot should consider safety solutions and the complement of locations or keeping types. To activate the use of a bike, it is necessary to improve facilities to help residents' use of bike parking lots and expand their size in the future and examine the design of bike racks.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the effects of eye-mask and light-off on sleep status according to a commercial fitness tracker and a sleep diary of psychiatric in-patients in correctional facilities where nocturnal light is compulsory. Methods: This study was conducted over 3 consecutive nights. In-patients of the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital (n = 29) were assigned random subject numbers and slept as usual in the light-on condition on the first night. The subjects slept with eye-masks in the light-on condition on another night and without an eye-mask in the light-off condition on the other night. Subjects were asked to sleep wearing a commercial fitness tracker and to keep a sleep diary. The order of these changes in bedroom lighting condition on the second and third nights was assigned randomly to participants. Results: In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on condition and the eye-mask condition, the Wakefullness After Sleep Onset (WASO) was shorter and sleep satisfaction was higher in the latter.(respectively, Z = 3.66, p < 0.017 ; Z = 2.69, p < 0.017) In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on and light-off conditions, the WASO was shorter and sleep efficiency and sleep satisfaction were higher in the latter (respectively, Z = 2.40, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.02, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.88, p < 0.017). However, there were no differences in the sleep variables between the eye-mask condition and the light-off condition. Conclusion: Subjective improvements in sleep variables were noted in sleep diaries of institutionalized psychiatric patients under either the 'eye-mask' or 'light-off' condition. However, there were no significant differences between the 'eye-mask' and 'light-off' conditions. Therefore, we suggest that psychiatric patients in correctional facilities use eye-masks when sleeping.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

In this research, Check the problems through analysis of traffic accidents while the elderly walking. Propose a way to reduce elderly traffic accidents. Therefore, analyzing the characteristics(by time and place etc) in order to reduce the traffic accident in the elderly pedestrian. Proposed the following Policy alternatives. First, Build a pedestrian safety island on the center of the road. Secondly, Should install the pedestrian crossing signal facilities which show the spare time and the guard rail to prevent crosswalk. Third, Should expend the installation area of pedestrian-operating traffic signal. Fourth, the night lighting facilities shall be installed nearby Crosswalk. Finally, Should appoint the elderly care area. Measures presented in this study, I hope they can be the basic data for the elderly in traffic safety policies for the elderly in accordance with the advent of aging society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.129-139
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• 2013

This study was designed to suggest a landscape agreement in order to effectively preserve historical and cultural landscapes at this point of time when many landscape agreements are being concluded for landscape management, to analyze landscape management methods according to the problems of comprehensive and widespread landscape agreements and landscape types and to generalize landscape agreement contents. To begin, sustainable and practical landscape management plans that local people can themselves participate and carry out were proposed, based on historical and cultural landscape preservation guidelines extracted from the consideration of domestic and foreign cases about landscape management by citizen autonomy and participation. The guidelines considered what regional residents would follow by themselves, as well as what should be considered with regard to the accessibility and symbolism of a building's appearance and external spaces designed with the motif of historical and cultural landscapes. The guidelines also pay attention to the maintenance management of outdoor advertisements and facilities in order to maintain a pedestrian-friendly street environment which pursues designs in harmony with the existing historical and cultural landscapes. In addition, the recommended guidelines that are considered less important,are restricting the sizes of buildings, encouraging maintenance management of the details and external spaces to hide building facilities and block them from being exposed and including information about the use of nature-friendly materials, and the management of neon signs in the landscapes and lighting time during the night. These results demonstrate that local residents need to improve the landscapes and change their consciousness by themselves to maintain the historical and cultural landscapes with a sense of tradition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1524-1532
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• 2015

This study analyzed traffic accident characteristics in Chungcheong Region through the factor analysis, cluster analysis and questionnaire survey using traffic accident analysis data for Chungcheong Region in order to improve Korea's traffic safety level. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests traffic safety technologies suitable for the situation of Chungcheong Region. According to the results of the questionnaire survey carried out for transporters in Chungcheong Region, 'the passage of pedestrians and aged people' and 'a problem of lacking visibility' were the biggest threatening factors of major traffic accidents in Chungcheong Region. The facilities required the most were 'lighting equipment in driving at night', and the expected effect by the equipment installation was high. As a result of the factor analysis and cluster analysis using the traffic accident analysis data, traffic accident risk by city type in Chungcheong Region was higher in rural areas, compared to urban areas. Especially, this study confirmed the risks of pedestrian and agricultural machine traffic accidents were high. Therefore, this study suggests three technologies to improve traffic safety level in Chungcheong Region, based on the analysis results.