• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2021

The oxidation resistance of the diffusion aluminide bond coat (BC) is compromised largely by interdiffusion (ID) effects on coated turbine blades of aeroengines. The present study is designed to understand the influence of ID on βNiAl coatings or BC. In this regard, nickel substrate and CMSX-4 superalloy are deposited. In total, four sets of BCs are developed, i.e. pure βNiAl (on Ni substrate), simple βNiAl (on CMSX-4 substrate), Zr-βNiAl (on CMSX-4 substrate) and Pt-βNiAl (on CMSX-4 substrate). The main aim of this study is to understand the interdiffusion of Al, Zr and Pt during preparation and oxidation. In addition, the beneficial effects of both Zr and platinum are assessed. Pure βNiAl and simple βNiAl show Ni-out-diffusion, whereas for platinum inward diffusion to the substrate is noticed under vacuum treatment. Interestingly, Zr-βNiAl shows the least ID in all BCs and exhibit stability under both vacuum and oxidation treatments. However, its spallation resistance is slightly lower than that of Pt-βNiAl BC. All BCs show similar oxide growth trends, except for Zr-βNiAl, which exhibits two-stage oxidations, i.e. transient and steady-state. Moreover, it is suggested that the localized spallation in all BCs is caused by βNiAl - γ'-Ni₃Al transformation.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1995

TiN 피막 처리된 스테인레스강 교정용 장치물이, 전해질이 있는 구강내에 장기간 장착될 때 발생할 수 있는 금속 유리 정도를 파악하기 위해 상악 편측에 해당하는 모조 교정 장치를 제작하였다. welding을 실시하고 TiN 피막 처리한 시편을 제1군으로, welding을 실시하지 않고 TiN피 막 처리한 시편을 제2군으로, welding을 실시하고 TiN 피막 처리를 하지 않은 시편을 제3군으로 welding과 TiN 피막 처리를 실시하지 않은 시편을 제4군으로 하여 각 군당 10개씩의 시편을 준비하였다. 각 시편을 인공 타액내에 15일간 침적하여 용액 속에 유리되어 용해된 니켈과 크롬의 누계와 침전물 형태로 존재하는 니켈과 크롬의 양을 측정하여 총량의 차이를 TiN 피막 처리 유무와 welding 유무에 따라 t-test로 검정한 결과, welding을 실시한 두 군중 TiN 피막 처리 한 군에서 금속 유리량이 더 적었으며 , TiN 피막 처리한 두 군중 welding을 실시하지 않은 군에서 금속 유리량이 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 표면 조직 관찰시 welding을 실시한 두 군에서 수많은 침전물과 Pitting corrosion이 보였으며 이 중 TiN 피막 처리한 군에서 그 정도가 낮았다. 본 실험을 통하여 스테인레스강 교정용 장치물에 TiN 피막 처리시 심미성 및 각종 물성의 개선 이외에도 금속 유리의 정량적인 분석 결과 내식성이 현저히 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권8호
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• pp.1013-1019
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 무전해 도금범으로 polyester film 상에 Co-Ni-P 박막을 석출시키고, pH, 온도 그리고 도금용액의 농도에 따른 도금속도 및 석출된 도금박막의 합금조성과 합금조성에 따른 자기적 특성을 고찰하였다. 무전해도금의 석출속도는 pH 8.5, 온도 90℃일때 가장 좋았으며, 자기적 특성도 이 때가 가장 좋았다. 합금조성은 pH와 착화제의 농도에 따라서는 크게 변화하였으나, 그 밖의 인자들에 의해서는 변화하지 않았다. 최적조건에서 만들어진 박막의 합금조성은 코발트가 78%, 니켈이 16%, 인이 6%였고, 보자력은 370 Oe, 각형비는 0.65였다. 박막은 합금조성에 따라 경질자성막과 연질자성막의 두가지 형태로 변화했고, 니켈이 30% 이상 공석(共席)되었을 때, 연질자성막으로 되었다. 연질자성막일때, 합금박막의 결정구조는 니켈이 강하게 배향된 비정질 형태를 나타냈고, 경질자성 막일때는, 코발트(101)과 (100)면으로 배향된 α-코발트의 hcp 결정구조를 나타내었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.163-178
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• 1970

닉켈기 내열합금의 일종인 Rene 41을 76$0^{\circ}C$ 및 87$0^{\circ}C$에서 최고 9300 시간까지 시효열처리한 다음, 5% 내지 20%로 압축변형시켜, 이 합금의 실온에서의 소성변형방식 및 석출입자인 ${\gamma}$'입자와 slip line 간의 상호작용을 전자현미경적 방법으로 관찰연구하였다. 본합금의 slip구조는 $\alpha$황동때와 유사하게｛111｝<110>계에 속하는 단일 slip line으로 구성되어 있었으며, 순알루미늄에서 관찰되는 층상구조는 볼 수 없었다. 또한, slip 구조는 시효조건에 따라 변화한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 미시효상태뿐만 아니라 과시효상태에 있어서도 Slip line은 여전히${\gamma}$' 석출입자를 통과하였으며, 이 때 석출입자는 지금과 더불어 변형되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이 관찰결과를 앞서 발표된 자료와 비교 검토하여 과시효상태에서도 ${\gamma}$'입자는 적어도 일부 지금과 정합되어 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1990

For this study, I used the urine of 100 dental laboratroy technicians and 24 students in Chonbuk region. The purposes of this study were to investigate concentrations of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in the air of dental laboratories. The results were as follows: 1. The concentrations of Cd is 0.0115mg/m$^{3}$ in the porcelain part, 0.0090mg/m$^{3}$ in the polishing part, that of Ni is 0.2864mg/m$^{3}$ in the porcelain part, 0.3188mg/m$^{3}$ in the polishing part, that of Cr is 0.0448mg/m$^{3}$ in the porcelain part, 0.1032mg/m$^{3}$ in the polishing part. 2. The concentrations of Cd, Ni and Cr in the technicians urine are 3.06 $\mu$g/l, 44.55 $\mu$g/l and 14.58 $\mu$g/l. Those of students, urine as the control group are 1.93 $\mu$g/l, 19.05 $\mu$g/l and 7.48 $\mu$g/l. There is significant difference between experimental group and control group (P < 0.01). 3. Watching for age and working place, 31-40 years age group reveals the highest group in the concentrations of Cd. Over 41 year age group represents the highest group in the concentrations of Ni and Cr (P < 0.01) The concentration of Cd turns up the highest in the partial part and that of Ni and Cr appears the highest in the polishing part (P < 0.01). Looking into working age, over 7 year group is the highest group in the concentrations of all investigated (P < 0.05).

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

Using sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent, bath composition and plating condition of electroless copper plating on plating rate have been studied. The followings were determined as optimum, bath composition; $CuSO_4\;0.025M,\;NiSO_4\;0.002M,\;NaH_2PO_2\;0.4M$, sodium citrate 0.06M, $H_3BO_3$ 0.6M, thiourea or 2-MBT $0.2mg/{\ell}$, and operation conditions; pH $9{\sim}10$ at bath temperature rage of $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. A small amount of nickel ion($Ni^{2+}/Cu^{2+}$=0.002/0.025) to the hypophosphite reduced solution promotes autocatalysis and continuous plating. An additive such as thiourea or 2-MBT of a small amount($0.2mg/{\ell}$) can be used to stabilize the solution without changing plating rate much. The attivation energy between $20^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$ were calculated to be 11.3kcal/mol for deposition weight. Plating reaction had been ceased by the adjustment of pH above 13, temperature higher than $90^{\circ}C\;and\;under\;20^{\circ}C$. Deposited surface became worse in the case of increment of bath temperature above $80^{\circ}C$.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2020

This case report demonstrates two different uprighting mechanics separately applied to mesially tipped mandibular first and second molars. The biomechanical considerations for application of these mechanisms are also discussed. For repositioning of the first molar, which was severely tipped and deeply impacted, a novel cantilever mechanics was used. The molar tube was bonded in the buccolingual direction to facilitate insertion of a cantilever from the buccal side. By twisting the distal end of the cantilever, sufficient uprighting moment was generated. The mesial end of the cantilever was hooked over the miniscrew placed between the canine and first premolar, which could prevent exertion of an intrusive force to the anterior portion of the dentition as a side effect. For repositioning of the second molar, an uprighting mechanics using a compression force with two step bends incorporated into a nickel-titanium archwire was employed. This generated an uprighting moment as well as a distal force acting on the tipped second molar to regain the lost space for the first molar and bring it into its normal position. This epoch-making uprighting mechanics could also minimize the extrusion of the molar, thereby preventing occlusal interference by increasing interocclusal clearance between the inferiorly placed two step bends and the antagonist tooth. Consequently, the two step bends could help prevent occlusal interference. After 2 years and 11 months of active treatment, a desirable Class I occlusion was successfully achieved without permanent tooth extraction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.507-520
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• 2020

In order to achieve effective corrosion monitoring of buried metal pipelines, a Novel nondestructive Testing (NDT) methodology using ultra-long (250 mm) Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) sensors coated with the Fe-C alloy film is proposed in this study. The theoretical principle is investigated to clarify the monitoring mechanism of this method, and the detailed fabrication process of this novel POF sensor is presented. To validate the feasibility of this novel POF sensor, exploratory research of the proposed method was performed using simulated corrosion tests. For simplicity, the geometric shape of the buried pipeline was simulated as a round hot-rolled plain steel bar. A thin nickel layer was applied as the inner plated layer, and the Fe-C alloy film was coated using an electroless plating technique to precisely control the thickness of the alloy film. In the end, systematic sensitivity analysis on corrosion severity was further performed with experimental studies on three sensors fabricated with different metal layer thicknesses of 25 ㎛, 30 ㎛ and 35 ㎛. The experimental observation demonstrated that the sensor coated with 25 ㎛ Fe-C alloy film presented the highest effectiveness with the corrosion sensitivity of 0.3364 mV/g at Δm = 9.32 × 10^-4 g in Stage I and 0.0121 mV/g in Stage III. The research findings indicate that the detection accuracy of the novel POF sensor proposed in this study is satisfying. Moreover, the simple fabrication of the high-sensitivity sensor makes it cost-effective and suitable for the on-site corrosion monitoring of buried metal pipelines.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2005

Lactococcus lactis A164 is a nisin Z-producing strain isolated from kimchi. Its antimicrobial spectrum has been found to be active against most Gram-positive bacteria tested, yet inactive against Gram-negative bacteria [3]. Accordingly, to overcome this drawback, the current study attempted to express human $\beta$-defensin-l (hBD-l), which kills both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in L. lactis AI64. When the hBD-l cDNA was introduced using a nisin Z-controlled expression cassette, the L. lactis A164 transformants grew very poorly, due to the bactericidal effect of the expressed hBD-l against the transformants. Therefore, a gene fusion system was designed to reduce the toxicity of the expressed heterologous protein against the host cells. As such, the hBD-l gene was fused to the DsbC- Tag of pET -40b(+), then introduced to L. lactis A 164. The transformants expressed an intracellular 35.6-kDa DsbC-hBD-l fusion protein that exhibited slight activity against the host cells, yet not enough to strongly inhibit the cell growth. To obtain the recombinant hBD-l, the DsbC-hBD-l fusion protein was purified by nickel-affinity column chromatography, and the DsbC-Tag removed by cleaving with enterokinase. The cleaved mature hBD-l exhibited strong bactericidal activity against E. coli JM109, indicating that the recombinant L. lactis A 164 produced a biologically active hBD-I. In addition, the recombinant L. lactis A 164 was also found to produce the same level of nisin Z as the wild-type.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of polymer- and rhodium-coated wires compared to uncoated wires by measuring the frictional forces using self-ligation brackets. Methods: 0.016-inch nickel titanium (NiTi) wires and $0.017{\times}0.025$-inch stainless steel (SS) wires were used, and the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, and $10^{\circ}$. Upper maxillary premolar brackets (Clippy-C$^{(R)}$) with a 0.022-inch slot were selected for the study and a tensile test was performed with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The maximum static frictional forces and kinetic frictional forces were recorded and compared. Results: The maximum static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces of coated wires were equal to or higher than those of the uncoated wires (p < 0.05). The maximum static frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were significantly higher than those of polymercoated wires when the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to (i) $5^{\circ}$ in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires and (ii) all angulations in the $0.017{\times}0.025$-inch SS wires (p < 0.05). The kinetic frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were higher than those of polymer-coated wires, except when the angulations were set to $0^{\circ}$ in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the frictional forces of the coated wires with regards to aesthetics were equal to or greater than those of the uncoated wires, a study under similar conditions regarding the oral cavity is needed in order to establish the clinical implications.